Effect of different levels of corn steep liquor on the activity of hydrolytic enzymes in different fractions of rumen liquor and nitrogen metabolism in Moghani-male lambs

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Assistant Professor of Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of feeding corn steep liquor (CSL) at levels 0, 50 or 100 g/kg dietary dry matter (DM) as nitrogen source on nitrogen retention and activities of carboxymethyl-cellulase (CMCase), microcrystalline-cellulase (MCCase), filter paper degrading (FPD) activities, ɑ-amylase and proteases in different fractions (i.e., particulate material (PM), extra cellular (EC) or cellular) of rumen liquor. Twenty seven male Moghani lambs were used in a completely randomized design with 9 animals in each treatment. Activity of CMCase in PM, EC and total (sum of PM, EC and cellular fractions) linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increasing the level of CSL in the diet. The activity of MCCase and FPD activity linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increasing level of CSL in the diet. Activity of ɑ-amylase activity was not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05), however the protease activity linearly increased (P<0.05). All animals were in positive balance of nitrogen and nitrogen retention decreased linearly (P<0.05) with amount of CSL in the ration. Totally, using corn steep liquor in the diet of fattening lambs negatively affected nitrogen retention and activities of rumen fibrolytic enzymes and increased rumen proteases activity. However, economic analysis of performance data showed that incorporation of CSL up to 5 % of dietary DM covered reduced growth performance of animals through reducing ration cost.

Keywords

References

پاپی، ن.، فضائلی، ح. و عزیزی شترخفت، 1. (1392). اثر کود مرغی فرآوری شده در جیره بر مصرف اختیاری خوراک، سنتز پروتئین میکروبی و توازن نیتروژن در گوسفند. پژوهش و سازندگی. 98: 55-63.
دانش مسگران، م.، طهماسبی، ع.م. و وکیلی، س.ع. (1390). هضم و سوخت- ساز در نشخوارکنندگان. انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
عزیزی شترخفت، ا.، شریفی، ا.، میرمحمدی، د.، رضائی، ج.، کیانی، ع. و فضائلی، ح. (1393). اثر منبع انرژی بر فعالیت برخی آنزیم‌های هیدرولیتیک بخش‌های مختلف شیرابه شکمبه و ابقای نیتروژن در گوسفند تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی کود مرغی فرآوری‌ شده. پژوهش در نشخوارکنندگان. 2: 17-36.
گلپور، 1. (1390). استفاده از خیساب مایع ذرت در تغذیه بلدرچین. پایان نمه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
میرمحمدی، د. (1392). بررسی اثر شکل فیزیکی خوراک در جیره­های با و بدون کود بستر جوجه­های گوشتی بر عملکرد بره­های پرواری. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
Agarwal, N. (2000). Estimation of fiber degrading enzyme, P: 278–291, In: Chaudhary, L.C., Agarwal, N., Kamra, D.N., Agarwal, D.K.,) (eds.) Feed Microbiology. CAS Animal Nutrition, IVRI, Izatnagar, India.
Agarwal, N., Agarwal, I., Kamra, D.N. and Chaudhary, L.C., (2000). Diurnal variations in the activities of hydrolytic enzymes in different fractions of rumen contents of Murrah buffalo. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 18:73–80.
Agarwal, N., Saxena, J., Saha, S., Chaudhary, L.C. and Kamra, D.N. (2004). Changes in fermentation characteristics, microbial populations and enzyme profile in the rumen of buffaloes affected by roughage level in the diet. Bubalus Bubalis. 111:81–90.
Agricultural and Food Research Council. 1992. Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Animals: Protein. Technical Committee on Responses to Nutrients, Report No. 10, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, Series B, 62 (2):787–835.
AOAC. (1990). Official methods of analysis, 15th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA. pp: 554, 575, 654.
Azizi-Shotorkhoft, A., Sharifi, A., Mirmohammadi, D., Baluch-Gharaei, H. and Rezaei, J. (2016). Effects of feeding different levels of corn steep liquor on the performance of fattening lambs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 100 (1):109-117.
Bentley, O.G., Johnson, R.R., Hershberger, T.V., Cline, J.H. and Moxon, A.L. (1955). Cellulolytic-factor activity of certain short chain fatty acids for rumen microorganisms in vitro. Journal of Nutrition. 57(3):389–400.
Cheng, K.J. and McAllister, T.A. (1997). Compartmentation in the rumen. P: 492-522, In: Hobson, P.N. and Stewart, C.S.,) (eds.) The rumen microbial ecosystem, Chapman and Hall, London.
Chovatiya, S.G., Bhatt, S.S. and Shah, A.R. (2010). Evaluation of corn steep liquor as a supplementary feed for Labeorohita (Ham.) fingerlings. Aquaculture International. 19:1–12.
Costerton, J.W. and Cheng, K.J. (1982). Microbe-microbe interactions at surface. P: 275–290, In: Burns R.G. and Slater, J.H.,) (eds.) Experimental microbial ecology, Blackwell Scientific, London.
Faithfull, N.T. (2002). Methods in agricultural chemical analysis: a practical handbook, CAB International, pp. 304.
Filipovic, S.S., Ristic, M.D. and Sakac, M.B. (2002). Technology of corn steep application in animal mashes and their quality. Romanian Biotechnological Letters. 7:705–710.
Forsberg, C.W. and Cheng, K.J. (1992). Molecular strategies to optimize forage and cereal digestion by ruminants. P:107–147, In: Bills D.D. and Kung S.D., (eds) Biotechnology and Nutrition, Butterworth Heinemann, Stoneham.
Garland, P.B. (1977). Energy transduction in microbial systems. Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology. 27:1–21.
Gupta, R.S., Desai, M.C., Talpada, P.M. and Shukala, P.C. (1990). Effect of corn steep liquor feeding on growth of crossbred calves. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 7:279–282.
Harmon, B.G., Galo, A., Comelius, S.G., Baker, D.H. and Jensen, A.H. (1975). Condensed fermented corn soluble with germ meal and bran (DSLC) as a nutrient source for swine. I. Amino acid limitations. Journal of Animal Science. 40(2):242-246.
Harris, L.E. (1970). Nutrition research techniques for domestic and wild animals. Vol. 1. Utah State University, Logon, Utah. USA.
Hristov, A.N., McAllister, T.A. and Cheng, K.J. (1999). Effect of diet, digesta processing, freezing and extraction procedure on some polysaccharide degrading activities of ruminal contents. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 79:73-81.
Hull, S.R., Yang, B.Y., Venzke, D., Kulhavy, K. and Montgomery, R. (1996). Composition of corn steep water during steeping. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 44:1857-1863.
Jasmin, B.H., Boston, R.C., Modesto, R.B. and Schaer, T.P. (2011). Perioperative ruminal pH changes in domestic sheep (Ovis aries) housed in a biomedical research setting. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 50:27–32.
Kamra, D.N., Saha, S., Bhatt, N., Chaudhary, L.C. and Agarwal, N. (2003). Effect of diet one enzyme profile, biochemical changes and in sacco degradability of feeds in the rumen of buffalo. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science. 16:374–379.
Koffler, H., Knight, S.G. and Frazier, W.C. (1947). The effect of certain mineral elements on the production of penicillin in shake flasks. Journal of Bacteriology. 53:115-123.
Lardy, G., Klopfenstein, T.J., Adams, D.C., Lamb, J. and Clark, D. (1997). Rumen degradable protein requirement of gestating summer calving beef cows grazing dormant native sandhills range. Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports, Paper 443. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr/443.
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with the Pholin-phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 193:262–275.
Martin, C. and Michalet-Doreau, B. (1995). Variations in mass and enzyme activity of rumen microorganisms: Effect of barley and buffer supplements. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture. 67:407–413.
Menke, K.H. and Steingass, H. (1988). Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development. 28:7–55.
Miller, J.L. (1959). Modified DNS method for reducing sugars. Analytical Chemistry. 31:426– 429.
Mirza, M.A. and Mushtaq, T. (2006). Effect of supplementing different levels of corn steep liquor on the post-weaning growth performance of Pak-Karakul lambs. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 26:135–137.
Mitchell, P. (1961). Coupling of phosphorylation to electron and hydrogen transfer by a chemiosmotic type of mechanism. Nature (London). 191:144–147.
Negesse, T., Patra, A.K., Dawson, L.J., Tolera, A., Merkel, R.C., Sahlu, T., et al. (2007). Performance of Spanish and Boer × Spanish doelings consuming diets with different levels of broiler litter, Small Ruminant Research. 69:187-197.
Nisa, M., Sarwar, M. and Khan, M.A. (2004). Nutritive value of urea treated wheat straw ensiled with or without corn steep liquor for lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science. 17:825–829.
NRC. (2007). National Research Council: Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants, Sheep, Goats, Cervide and New York Camelids. National Academy of Science, Washington, D. C.
Raghuvansi, S.K.S., Prasad, R., Tripathi, M.K., Mishra, A.S., Chaturvedi, O.H., Misra, A.K., et al. (2007). Effect of complete feed blocks or grazing and supplementation of lambs on performance, nutrient utilisation, rumen fermentation and rumen microbial enzymes. Animal. 1:221–226.
Ribeiro-Filho, C.C. and Trenkle, A. (2002). Evaluation of feeding value of the corn steep liquor as an energy and protein source for finishing cattle diets. Journal of Animal Science, 80 (Suppl. 1). 232.
Robertson, J.B. and VanSoest, P.J., (1981). The detergent system of analysisand its application to human foods. P: 123–158 (Chapter 9), In: James, W.P.T. and Theander, O., (Eds.) The Analysis of Dietary Fibre in Food, Marcel Dekker, NY, USA,
Rogers, G.M. and Poore, M.H. (1994). Alternative feeds for reducing beef cow feed costs. Veterinary Medicine. 89:1073–1084.
Russel, J.B. (2002). Rumen Microbiology and Its Role in Ruminant Nutrition. Russell J.B., Publ. Co., Ithaca, NY.
Russo, J. M. and Heiman, V. (1959). The value of corn fermentation condensed solubles as a growth stimulant for chickens. Poultry Science. 38:26-30.
Sarwar, M., Nisa, M. and Khan, M.A. (2004). Influence of ruminally protected fat and urea treated corncobs ensiled with or without corn steep liquor on nutrient intake, digestibility, milk yield and its composition in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science. 17:86–93.
SAS. (2001) Statistical Analysis Systems, Version 8.2. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
Scott, T., Klopfenstein, T., Stock, R. and Klemesrud, M. (1997). Evaluation of corn bran and corn steep liquor for finishing steers. Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports, MP 67-A, 72–74.
Selinger, L.B., Forsberg, C.W. and Cheng, K.J. (1996). The rumen: a unique source of enzymes for enhancing livestock production. Anaerobe. 2:263–284.
Shahzad, M.A., Sarwar, M., Nisa, M. and Sharif, M. (2010). Corn steep liquor, a potential substitute of urea for growing lambs. Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goat Science. 5 (1):177–190.
Silva, A.T., Wallace, R.J. and Orskov, E.R. (1987). Use of particle-bound microbial activity to predict the rate and extent of fibre degradation in the rumen. British Journal of Nutrition. 57:407-415.
Stewart, C.S. (1977). Factors affecting the cellulolytic activity of rumen contents. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 33:497–502.
Sung, H.G., Kobayashi, Y., Chang, J., Ha, A., Hwang, I.H. and Ha, J.K. (2007). Low ruminal pH reduces dietary fiber digestion via reduced microbial attachment. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science. 20:200–207.
Talpada, P.M., Desai, M.C., Desai, H.B., Patel, Z.N. and Shukala, P.C. (1987). Nutritive value of corn steep liquor. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 4:124–125.
VanSoest, P. J., Robertson, J. B. and Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science. 74:3583-3597.
Wang, Y. and McAllister, T.A. (2002). Rumen Microbes, Enzymes and Feed Digestion- a Review. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science. 15:1659-1676.
Animal Sciences Journal
Volume 30, Issue 115
September 2017
Pages 255-270

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics