Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Abstract
The present research was performed to study the genetic analysis of length of productive life and production traits (milk yield, fat yield and protein yield) Iranian Holstein cows. Thus, the records of 90112 first lactation dairy cows were used. Data were collected from 759 herds during 1996 to 2013 by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran. Estimation of variance components was performed by restricted maximum likelihood method using DMU package. Genetic and phonotypic trends were computed as a linear regression of yearly means on calving year. The estimated heritabilities of length of productive life, functional productive life, milk yield, fat yield and protein yield were 0.04, 0.03, 0.23, 0.17 and 0.20, respectively. Genetic correlation of length of productive life, functional productive life with production traits ranged from 0.02-0.11. Estimated genetic correlation of milk yield with fat yield and protein yield was 0.88 and 0.94, respectively. Genetic trends for lifetime traits (productive and functional) were -0.02 and 0.002 d, respectively (P>0.05) and for milk yield, fat yield and protein yield were 5.46, 0.08 and 0.09 kg, respectively (P<0.01). Considering positive genetic correlation between milk yield and length of productive life, it seems that selection based on milk yield can led to increase in lifetime. Thus, planning of selection programs in Iranian Holstein dairy cows based on length of productive life is recommendable.
Keywords
رزم کبیر، م.، نجاتی جوارمی، ا.، مرادی شهر بابک، م.، رشیدی، ا. و صیاد نژاد، م. ب. (1388). برآورد روند ژنتیکی صفات تولیدی گاوهای هلشتاین ایران. مجله علوم دامی ایران، دوره 40، ص‌ص 11-7.
شجاع، غ.، پیرانی، ن.، علی جانی، ص. و احمدی، ا. (1381). برآورد پارامترهای فنوتیپی، ژنتیکی و محیطی صفات تولید شیر در گاوهای هلشتاین کشت و صنعت مغان. مجله دانش کشاورزی، شماره 12، ص‌ص 22-13.
طغیانی، س.، شادپرور، ع. ا.، مرادی شهر بابک، م. و دادپسند، م. (1388). برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی صفات تولیدی دوره اول و صفات باروری در گاوهای هلشتاین ایران. مجله علوم دامی ایران، شماره 2، ص‌ص 76-69.
فرهنگفر، ه. و نعیمیپور یونسی، ح. (1386). برآورد پارامترهای فنوتیپی و ژنتیکی صفات تولید و تولید مثل در نژاد گاو هلشتاین ایران. مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، شماره 1، ص‌ص 440-431.
Abdallah J.M. and McDaniel BT. (2000). Genetic parameters and trends of milk, fat, days open, and body weight after calving in North Carolina experimental herds. Journal of Dairy Science. 83:1364-1370.
Abe, H., Masuda, Y. and Suzuki, M. (2009). Relationships between reproductive traits of heifers and cows and yield traits for Holsteins in Japan. Journal of Dairy Science. 92:4055-4062.
Ajili, N., Rekik, B., Ben Gara, A. and Bouraoui. R. (2007). Relationships among milk production, reproductive traits, and herd life for Tunisian Holstein-Friesian cows. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 2:47-51.
Bascom, S.S., and Young. A.J. (1998). A summary of the reasons why farmers cull cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 81:2299-2305.
Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., Walker, S., Christensen, R., Singmann, H., et al. (2015). lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using 'eigen' and s4. R package version 1.1-8.
Biffani, S., Marusi, F., Biscarini, F., and Canavesi, F. (2005). Developing a genetic evaluation for fertility using angularity and milk yield as correlated traits. In: Proceedings of the 2005 INTERBULL Meeting, Uppsala, Sweden, June 2-4, Bulletin No. 33: 63-66.
Caraviello, D.Z., Weigel K.A. and Gianola. D. (2004). Analysis of the relationship between type traits and functional survival in US Holstein cattle using a Weibull proportional hazards model. Journal of Dairy Science. 86:2677-2686.
Cruickshank, J., Weigel, K.A., Dentine, M.R. and Kirkpatrick. B.W. (2002). Indirect prediction of herd life in Guernsey dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 85:1307-1313.
Dematawewa, C.M.B., and Berger. P.J. (1998). Genetic and phenotypic parameters for 305-day yield, fertility, and survival in Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science. 81:2700-2709.
Galip, B. and Kaygisiz, A. (2004). Estimates of trends components of 305 days milk yield at Holstein cattle. Journal of Biological Science. 4:486-488.
Gonzalez-Recio, O. and Alenda. R. (2005). Genetic parameters for female fertility traits and a fertility index in Spanish dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 88:3282-3289.
Harris, B.L., Freeman, A.E. and Metzger, E. (1992). Analysis of herd life in Guernsey dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 75:2008-2016.
Henderson, C. (1988). Theoretical basis and computational methods for a number of different animal models. Journal of Dairy Science. 71:1-16.
Jairath, L., Dekkers, J.C.M., Schaeffer, L.R., Liu, Z., Burnside, E.B. and Kolstad, B. (1998). Genetic evaluation for herd life in Canada. Journal of Dairy Science. 81:550-562.
Kadarmideen, H.N., Thompson, R., Coffey, M.P. and Kossaibati. M.A. (2003). Genetic parameters and evaluations from single- and multiple-trait analysis of dairy cow fertility and milk production. Livestock Production Science. 81:183-195.
Krupova, Z., Wolfova, M., Wolf, J., Oravcova, M., Margetin, M. and Peskpvicova. D. (2009). Economic values for dairy sheep breeds in Slovakia. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science. 22:1693-1702.
Lubbers, S., Brotherstone, S., Ducrocq V.P. and Visscher. P.M.A. (2000). A comparison of a linear and proportional hazards approach to discrete longevity data in dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science. 70:197-206.
Madsen, P. and Jensen. J. (2008). DMU. A package for multivariate analyzing multivariate mixed models. Version 6. University of Aarhus, Faculty Agricultural Sciences (DJF), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Research Centre Foulum, Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
McCullough, D. A., and Delorenzo. M.A. (1996) Effect of price and management level on optimal replacement and insemination decision. Journal of Dairy Science. 79:242-253
Microsoft FoxPro, Version 2.6 for Windows, 1989-1994; Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA.
Pryce, J.E., Coffey, M.P. and Brotherstone. S. (2000). The genetic relationship between calving interval, body condition score and linear type and management traits in registered Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science. 83:2664-2671.
Roxsrom, A., Ducrocq V. and Strandberg, E. (2003). Survival analysis of longevity in dairy cattle on a lactation basis. Genetics Selection Evolution. 35:305-318.
Sargolzaei, M., Iwaisaki, H. and Colleau, J. (2006). CFC: a tool for monitoring genetic diversity. In Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
SAS. 2008. User’s Guide, Version 9.2., SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
Settar, P. and Weller, J.I. (1999). Genetic analysis of cow survival in the Israeli dairy cattle population. Journal of Dairy Science. 82:2170-2177.
Sewalem, A., Kistemaker, G.J. , Ducrocq, V. and Van Doormaal. B.J. (2005). Genetic Analysis of Herd Life in Canadian Dairy Cattle on a Lactation Basis Using a Weibull Proportional Hazards Model. Journal of Dairy Science. 88:368-375.
Sewalem, A., Miglior, F., Kistemaker, G.J., Sullivan, P., and Van Doormaal, B.J. (2008). Relationship between reproduction traits and functional longevity in Canadian dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 91:1660-1668.
Short, T.H. and Lawlor. T.J. (1992). Genetic parameters of conformation traits, milk yield, and herd life in Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science. 75:1987-1998.
Strandberg, E. (1996). Breeding for longevity in dairy cows. P. 125 in: Progress in Dairy Science. CAB Int., Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom.
Tsurata, S., Misztal, I. and Lawler, T.J. (2005). Changing definition of productive life in US Holsteins: effect on genetic correlation. Journal of Dairy Science. 88:1156-1165.
Van Arendonk, J.A.M. (1985). Studies on the replacement policies in dairy cattle. II. Optimum policy and influence of changes in production and prices. Livestock Production Science. 13:101-121.
Van der Linde, C. and de Jong. G. (2003). MACE for longevity traits. Proc. Interbull Technical Workshop. Beltsville, MD, USA, March 2-3. pp. 20-24.
VanRaden, P.M. and Wiggans. G.R. (1995). Productive life evaluations: Calculation, accuracy and economic value. Journal of Dairy Science. 78:631-638.
Vollema, A.R. and Groen. A.F. (1996). Genetic parameters of longevity traits of an upgrading population of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 79:2261-2267.
Vukasinovic, N., Moll, J. and Casanova, L. (2001). Implementation of a routine genetic evaluation for longevity based on survival analysis techniques in dairy cattle populations in Switzerland. Journal of Dairy Science. 84:2073-2080.
Vukasinovic, N., Moll, J. and Kunzi, N. (1995). Genetic relationships among longevity, milk production, and type traits in Swiss brown cattle. Livestock Production Science. 41:11-18.
Weller J.I. and Ezra E. (2004). Genetic analysis of the Israeli Holstein dairy cattle population for production and nonproduction traits with a multitrait animal model. Journal of Dairy Science. 87:1519-1527.
)