Effect of physical form of the concentrate and buffer type on microbial protein synthesis, rumen and blood parameters in fattening Dalagh lamb

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

2 Faculty Member/Shiraz University

Abstract

This Experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of physical form of the concentrate and buffer type on the rumen and blood parameters and microbial protein synthesis in fattening Dalagh lambs. Twenty eight lambs with an average of 28±2.7 kg and 5 month age were used in a completely randomized design with 2×2 factorial arrangement. Treatments included: 1- pelleted concentrate+sesquisodium carbonate, 2- pelleted concentrate+sodium bicarbonate, 3- mash concentrate + sesquisodium carbonate and 4- mash concentrate+sodium bicarbonate. Sampling from rumen fluid and blood sampling was carried out on days 42 and 84 of experiment. On day 70 of the experiment, 3 lambs were transferred to the metabolic cages for sampling and collecting urine. The results showed that ruminal pH was higher in the treatment of mash concentrate +sesquisodium carbonate in three hours after feeding (P<0.05). The experimental treatments had no effect on ruminal ammonia concentration, protozoan number and microbial population (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the concentration of blood minerals except calcium. Calcium concentration was higher in pelleted concentrate+sodium bicarbonate and mash concentrate + sesquisodium carbonate than other treatments (P<0.05). Purine derivatives and total excretion and absorption of purine derivatives from urine and the amount of microbial protein synthesis in rumen significantly increased in pellet concentrate and sodium bicarbonate (P<0.05).

Keywords

References

 دانش مسگران م.، طهماسبی ع. و وکیلی س. ع. (1387) .هضم و سوخت ساز در نشخوارکنندگان. انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، 261 صفحه.
میرمحمدی، د. (1392). بررسی اثر شکل فیزیکی خوراک در جیره­های با و بدون کود بستر جوجه­های گوشتی بر عملکرد بره­های پرواری. پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. 130 صفحه.
طباطبایی، س. م. م. (1382). جنبه های فیزیولوژیکی تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان (ترجمه). انتشارات دانشگاه بوعلی سینا. 758صفحه. ‌‌‌
صوفی سیاوش، ر. و جانمحمدی، ح.( 1388). تغذیه دام (ترجمه). چاپ چهاردهم. انتشارات عمیدی. تبریز. 908صفحه.
قربانی، غ.ر.1381. ناهنجاریهای متابولیکی در گاو (تالیف). چاپ اول. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی واحد صنعتی اصفهان. اصفهان. 264صفحه.
قورچی، ت. و قربانی، ب. (1390). میکروبیولوژی شکمبه. انتشارات دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان. 167 صفحه.
کامل ارومیه، س. ، ناصریان، ع. ، احسانی فریمانی، م. و رحیمی،ع. (1391). اثر استفاده از سه نوع جیره آغازین پلت، آجیلی و آردی بر مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن روزانه، ضریب تبدیل و فرآسنجههای شکمبه ها ای در گوساله ی شیر خوار هلشتاین. دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان. پنجمین کنگره علوم دامی ایران.
Abdullah, N. (1995). Effects of bentonite on rumen protozoa population and rumen fluid characteristics of sheep fed palm kernel cake. Asian, Australian Journal Animal Science. 8(3): 249-254.
Babker, I.A., Mukhtar, A.M.S. and EL Khidir. (2009). Feedlot performance of Baggara Bulls fed Pelleted and Unpelleted baggase Based Diets. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 8: 384-387.
Bodas, R., Frutos, P., Giraldez, F.J., Hervas, G., and Lopez, S. (2009). Effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on feed intake, digestibility, digest, kinetics, nitrogen balance and ruminal fermentation in young fattening lambs. Spanish Journal Agricultural Research. 7(2): 330-341.
Broderick, G.A. and Kang, J.H. (1980). Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science. 63:64–75.
Chen, X.B. and Gomes, J.M. (1995). Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives – an overview of the technical details. International feed resources unit, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn Aberdeen AB2 9SB. United Kingdom.
Coleman A. G. and William, G. S. (1992). The rumen protozoa. Springer, New York.
Davies, K. L., McKinnon, J. J. and Mutsvangwa, T. (2013). Effects of dietary ruminally degradable starch and ruminally degradable protein levels on urea recycling, microbial protein production, nitrogen balance, and duodenal nutrient flow in beef heifers fed low crude protein diets. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 93: 123-136.
Dehority BA. (2003) Rumen microbiology. First ed. London: Academic Press.
Dehority, B.A. and Males, J.R., (1984). Rumen Fluid Osmolality: Evaluation of influence upon the occurrence and numbers of holotrich protozoa in sheep. Journal Animal Science. 38:865-870.
Dus, M.M., Samanta, A.K., Singh, K.K., Kundu, S.S., Sharma, D.S. and Rai, S. (2004). Effect of different forms of complete diets on nutrient utilization in crossbred calves. Indian Journal of Animal Science. 74: 969-972.
Faichney, G. J., Teleki, E and Brown, G.H. (2004). Effect of physical form of lucene hay on digestion and rate of passage in sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 55: 1253-1262.
Garvie, E. I. (1980). Bacterial lactate dehydrogenases. Journal of General Microbiology. Review. 44:106.
Ghorbani, G.R., Jackson, J.A. and Hemken, R.W. (1989). Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Sesquicarbonate on Animal Performance, Ruminal Metabolism, and Systemic Acid-Base Status. Journal of Dairy Science. 72: 2039-2045.
Hindrichsen, I.K., Osuji, P.O., Odenyo, A.A., Madsena, J. and Hvelplund, T. (2002). Effects of supplementation of basal diet of maize stover with different amounts of Leucaena diversifolia on intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and rumen parameters in sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 98: 131-142.
Hristov, A.N., Ivan, M., Rode, L. M. and McAllister, T.A. (2001). Fermentation characteristics and ruminal ciliate protozoal populations in cattle fed medium- or high-concentrate barley-based diets. Journal of Animal Science. 79: 515–524.
Hungate, R.E. (1996). The Rumen and its Microbes. Academic Press, New Yourk, USA. 533pp.      
Jones,M., Clark,J., Bewley, M.J. and Michael,A.N. (2016). Effects of supplementing lactating dairy cow ration with sodium sesquicarbonate on reticulorumen pH, rumination, and dry matter intake. University of Kentucky.
Karimizadeh, E., Chaji, M. and Mohammadabadi, T. (2017). The effects of Journal physical form of diet on nutrient digestibility. Rumen fermentation,rumination, growth performance and protozoa population of finishing lambs. Animal Nutrition Journal.
Kiran, D. and Mutsvangwa, T.(2007). Effects of barley grain processing and dietary ruminally degradable protein on urea nitrogen recycling and nitrogen metabolism in growing lambs. Journal of Animal Science. 85:3391– 3399.
Klevesahl, E. A., Cochran, R. C., Titgemeyer, E. C., Wickersham, T. A., Farmer, C. G., Arroquy, J. I. and Johnson, D. E. (2003). Effect of a wide range in the ratio of supplemental rumen degradable protein to starch on utilization of low-quality, grass hay by beef steers. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 105:5–20.
Koul, V., Kumar, U., Sareen, V. K. and Singh, S. (1998). Effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on ruminal microbial populations and metabolism in buffalo calves. Ind. Journal of Animal Science. 68: 629-631.
Kudo, H., Cheng, K.J., Imai, S., Han, S.S. and Costerton, J.W. (1990). Effects of feed on the composition of the rumen ciliate protozoa. Animal Feed Science and Technology 29:159-169.
Mackie, R.L., Gilchrist, F.M., Roberts, A.M., Hannah, P.E,. and Schwartz, H.M. (1987). Microbiological and chemical changes in the rumen during the stepwise adaptation of sheep to high concentrate dite. Journal of Agricultural Science. 90:241-254.
Makkar, H.P.S. (2003). Effects and fate tannin in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannin, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Ruminant Research, 49: 241-256.
Martinez, M. E., Ranilla, M. J., Tejido, M. L., Saro, C. and Carro, M. D. (2010). Comparison of fermentation of diets of variable composition and microbial populations in the rumen of sheep and rusitec fermenters. ll. Protozoa population and diversity of bacterial communities. Journal of Dairy Science. 93: 3699-3712.
McDonald, P., Edwards, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D., Morgan, C.A., Sinclair, L.A.  and Wilkinson, R.G. (2011). Animal Nutrition. 7th ed., Longman Group United Kingdom Harlow. P: 693.
Munasik, C., Sutrisno, I., Anwar, S. and Prayitno, C.H. (2013). Physical Characteristics of Pressed Complete Feed for Dairy Cattle.International Journal of Science and Engineering.4: 61-65.
National Research Council (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervide and New York Camelids. National Academy of Science, Washington, DC.
Orskov, E.R. (Ed.), (1982). Protein Nutrition in Ruminants. Academic Press, London.
Owens, F. N., Secrist, D. S., Hill, W. J. and Gill, D. R. (1998). Acidosis in cattle: a review. Journal of Animal Science. 76:275-286.
Owens, S. N. and Goetsch, A. L. (1988). Ruminal fermentation. In The Ruminant Animal: Digestive Physiology and Nutrition, 145. D.C. Church, ed. Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press.
 Samanta AK, Singh KK, Das MM, Maity SB, Kunda SS. (2003) Effect of complete feed block on nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation in Barbari goats. Small Ruminant Research.:48:95-102.
Samanta, A.K., Dus, M.M., Singh, K.K. and Kunda, S.S. (2003). Complete feed block, a new approach for handling and feeding bulkily feed resources. Indian Dairy Management. 55: 57-59.
Santra, S. and Karim, S. A. (2000). Growth performance of faunated and defaunated malpura weaner lambs. Animal Feed Science Technology. 86: 251-260.
Santra, S., Chaturvedi, O. H., Tripathi, M. K., Kumar, R. and Krim, S. A. (2002). Effect of dietary sodium bicarbonate supplementation on fermentation characteristics and ciliate protozoal population in rumen of lambs. Small Ruminant Research. 47: 203-212.
SAS Institute Inc. (2013). Statistical Analysis System (SAS) User’s Guide (Version 9.4), SAS Institute, Cary, NC, US.
Slyter, L. L., and T. S. Rumsey.(1991). Effect of coliform bacteria, feed deprivation, and ph on ruminal d-lactic acid production by steer or continuous-culture microbial populations changed from forage to concentrates. United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville.
Synder, L.J.U., Luginbuhl, J.M., Mueller, J.P., Conrad, A.P. and Turner, K.E. (2006). Intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of Robinia pseudoacacia foliage fed to growing goat wethers. Available online at: Science direct.com.
Tothi R., Lund P., Weisbjery M. R. and Hvelplund T. (2003). Effect of expander processing on fractional rate of maize and barley starch degradation in the rumen of dairy cows estimated using rumen evaluation and in situ techniques. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 104: 71-94.
Vaithiyanathan, S., Bhatta, R., Mishra, A.S., Prasad, R., Verma, D.L. and Singh, N.P. (2006). Effect of feeding graded levels of prosopis cineraria leaves on rumen ciliate protozoa, nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis in lambs and kids. 133: 177-191.
Valadares, R.F.D., Broderick, G.A., Valadares Filho, S.C. and Clayton, M.K. (1999). Effects of replacing alfalfa silage with high moisture corn on ruminal protein synthesis estimated from excretion of total purine derivatives. Journal of Dairy Science. 82:2686-2696.
Van Soest, P.J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. 2nd ed. Cornell university press, New York.
Varel1, H.V., and Dehority,B. A. (1989). Ruminal Cellulolytic Bacteria and Protozoa from Bison, Cattle-Bison Hybrids, and Cattle Fed Three Alfalfa-Corn Diets. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 148-153.
Warner, A. C. I. (1962). Some factors infuluncing the rumen bacterial population. Journal of General Microbiology. 28: 46-129.
Wenping, H. and Murphy, M. R. (2004). Statistical evaluation of early- and mid-lactation dairy cow responses to dietary sodium bicarbonate addition. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 119:43-54.
Animal Sciences Journal
Volume 32, Issue 122
June 2019
Pages 143-158

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics