The effects of rumen protecting of soybean meal by fats and zeolite on ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of protein

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, Univesity of Tehran, Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran

2 Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of coating of soybean meal (SMB) with the fat enriched in saturated fatty acid (SFA) and zeolite on rumen degradable dry matter (RDDM), rumen degradable protein (RDP) and intestinal digestibility of protein. Treatments were (1) SBM, (2) SBM protected with 40% SFA, (3) SBM protected with 38% SFA and 2% zeolite, (4) SBM protected with 50% SFA, (5) SBM protected with 48% SFA and 2% zeolite. To obtain the RDP fraction, samples were ruminally incubated for 16 h. The intestinal digestibility of crude protein was performed by three-step in vitro procedure. The results showed that SBM protecting with SFA reduced protein solubility compared with untreated SBM (P=0.002). The RDDM and RDP were decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing fat level in the product. Using 2 % zeolite significantly decreased (p < 0.05) RDP. There were no significant differences between SBM and SBM protected treatments in intestinal digestibility. It was concluded that protection of SBM with SFA decreased of RDDM and RDP, while RDP values showed more decrease with the inclusion of zeolite in the fat matrix.

Keywords

References

Armstrong, D.E. and Chesters, G. (1964). Properties of protein-bentonite complexes as influenced by equilibration conditions. Soil Science. 98: 39- 52.
ASAE. (2003). Method of determining and expressing fineness of feed materials by sieving ANSI/ASAE S319.3 FEB03. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Michigan, USA.
Borucki Castro, S.I., Phillip, L.E., Lapierre, H., Jardon, P.W. and Berthiaume, R. (2007). Ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of protein and amino acids in treated soybean meal products. Journal of dairy Science. 90: 810–822.
Britton, R.A., Coiling, D.P. and Klopfenstein, T.J. (1978). Effect of complexing sodium bentonite with soybean meal or urea/N in vitro ruminal ammonia release and nitrogen utilization in ruminants. Journal of animal science. 46: 1738- 1747.
Broderick, G.A., Wallace, R.J. and Qrskov, E.R. (2012). Control of rate and extent of protein degradation. pp: 542-591, In: Tsuda, T., Y. Sasaki and R. Kawashima (eds). Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology. Academic Press.
Calsamiglia, S. and Stern, M.D. (1995). A three-step in vitro procedure for estimating intestinal digestion of protein in ruminants. Journal of animal science. 73: 1459–1465.
Can, A., Hummel, J., Denek, N. and Südekum, K.H. (2011). Effects of non-enzymatic browning reaction intensity on in vitro ruminal protein degradation and intestinal protein digestion of soybean and cottonseed meals. Animal feed science and technology. 163:255–259.
Chander, P.J. (1996). Animal feed stuffs and additives. Patent WO 09608, 168 A1. pp: 1-10.
Danesh Mesgaranan, M. and Stern, M.D. (2005). Ruminal and post-ruminal protein disappearance of various feeds originating from Iranian plant varieties determined by the in situ mobile bag technique and alternative methods. Animal feed science and technology. 118: 31–46.
Dijkstra, J., Forbes, J.M. and France, J. (2005). Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism.  CABI publishing, pp: 681-706.
Gargallo, S., Calsamiglia, S. and Ferret, A. (2006). Technical note: A modified three-step in vitro procedure to determine intestinal digestion of proteins. Journal of animal science. 84:2163–2167.
Ghosh, S.K. (2006). Functional coating and microencapsulation: A general perspective. WILEY-VCH Verlag Gmbh & Co. pp: 1-28.
Giallongo, F., Harper, M.T., Oh, J., Lopes, J.C., Lapierre, H., Patton, R.A., Parys, C., Shinzato, I. and Hristov, A.N. (2016). Effects of rumen-protected methionine, lysine, and histidine on lactation performance of dairy cows. Journal of dairy science, 99: 4437-4452.
Grieshop, C.M., Kadzere, C.T., Clapper, G.M., Flickinger, E.A., Bauer, L.L., Frazier, R.L. et al. (2003). Chemical and nutritional characteristics of United States soybeans and soybean meals. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51: 7684-7691.
Harvatine, K.J. and Allen, M.S. (2006). Effects of fatty acid supplements on ruminal and total tract nutrient digestion in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 89:1092-1103.
Ipharraguerre, I.R. and Clark, J.H. (2005). Impacts of the source and amount of crude protein on the intestinal supply of nitrogen fractions and performance of dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. 88: 22-37.
Kowalski, Z.M., Marszalek, A. and Mills, C.R. (1997). The use of Ca salts of rape seed fatty acids to protect protein against degradation in the rumen. Animal feed science and technology. 65: 265-274.
Krishnamoorty, U., Sniffen, C.J, Stern, M.D. and Van Soest, P.J. (1983). Evaluation of a mathematical model of rumen digestion and an in vitro simulation of rumen proteolysis to estimate the rumen-undegraded nitrogen content of feedstuffs. British journal of nutrition. 50: 555-568.
Lee, C., Hristov, A.N., Cassidy, T.W., Heyler, K.S., Lapierre, H., Varga, G.A., De Veth, M.J., Patton, R.A. and Parys, C. (2012). Rumen-protected lysine, methionine, and histidine increase milk protein yield in dairy cows fed a metabolizable protein-deficient diet. Journal of dairy science. 95: 6042-6056.
Loften J.R., Linn, J.G., Drackley, K., Jenkins, T.C., Soderholm, C.G. and Kertz, A.F. (2014). Invited review: Palmitic and stearic acid metabolism in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 97: 4661–4674.
Mania, S., Lope, G., Tabila, L.G. and Sokhansanj, S. (2004). Grinding performance and physical properties of wheat and barley straws, corn stover and switch grass. Biomass and bioenergy.  27: 339 –352.
Manterola, H.B., Cerda, D.A. and Mira, J.J. (2001). Protein degradability of soybean meal coated with different lipid substances and its effects on Ruminal parameters when included in steer rations. Animal feed science and technology. 92: 249-257.
National Research Council. (2007). Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: sheep, goats, cervids, and new world camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
National Research Council. (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle (7threv. edn). National academy press, Washington, DC.
Rossi, F., Fiorentini, L., Masoero, F. and Piva, G. (1999). Effect of fat coating on rumen degradation and intestinal digestibility of soybean meal. Animal feed science and technology. 81: 309-318.
 SAS Institute. (2002). SAS User’s Guide. Statistics. Version 9.01. SAS Institute Inc., Car, NC.
Sniffen, C.J., O’Connor, J.D., Van Soes,t P.J., Fox, D.G. and Russel,l J.B. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets. II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of animal science. 70: 3562–3577.
Tice, E.M., Eastridge, M.L. and Firkins, J.L. (1993). Raw soybeans and roasted soybeans of different particle sizes. 1. Digestibilityand utilization by lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 76: 224–235.
Van Soest, P.J. (1982). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant metabolism, nutritional strategies, the cellulolitic fermentation and the chemistry of forage and plant fibers. Cornell University Press. pp: 156-176.
Wang, Y., Zhang, Y.G., Liu, X., Kopparapu, N.K., Xin, H., Liu, J and et al. (2015). Measurement of the intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein using different methods and correlation analysis. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences. 28: 1454- 1464.
Wright, P.A. and Lozinska, M. (2011). Structural chemistry and properties of zeolites. P: 1-36, In: Marinez, C. and J.P. Pariente (eds). Zeolites and ordered porous solids: fundamentals and applications.
Wu, Z., Bernard, J.K., Eggleston, R.B. and Jenkins, T.C. (2012). Ruminal escape and intestinal digestibility of ruminally protected lysine supplements differing in oleic acid and lysine concentrations. Journal of dairy science. 95:2680-2684.
Animal Sciences Journal
Volume 32, Issue 123
September 2019
Pages 335-348

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics