Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Scientific member of agriculture and natural resourse research center of Zanjan
2 scientefic member
3 Deputy of Research and technology
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of addition of a nitroglycerin (NG) slow release drug on prevention of ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. A total of 500 broiler chicks at 7 days of age were used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 5 replicates and 20 chicks per each replication. The experimental treatments included: 1) positive control group (without induction of ascites and without addition of NG); 2) negative control group (induction of ascites without adding NG, treatments 3, 4 and 5, including induction of ascites with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg NG in diet, respectively. In order to induce cold stress, the temperature was fixed at 15oC from 15 until 42 day of age. The humeral and cellular immune responses as well as blood serum enzyme concentrations were evaluated. The results showed that cold stress significantly reduced the relative weights of spleen and thymus (p < 0.05) but had no significant effect on relative weight of bursa of Fabricius. The utilization of NG significantly increased the relative weights of Spleen and thymus (p < 0.05). The immunoglobulin M response and cutaneous basophilic sensitivity decreased as a result of cold stress, and significantly increased by using NG (p < 0.05). The concentration of AST and LDH enzymes increased as a result of cold stress and the utilization of 20 mg/kg of NG in the diet significantly decreased them (p < 0.05). The lipid peroxidation index improved near meaningfully as a result of using NG (P= 0.06)
Keywords
- بینام (1391). چکیده نتایج سرشماری از مرغداریهای پرورش مرغ گوشتی. معاونت برنامهریزی و نظارت راهبردی ریاست جمهوری، مرکز آمار ایران.
- Ahmed, O.A., Ahmed, E.G., Gilbert, L.H. and Magdi, M.M. (2007). The effect of lighting program and melatonin on the alleviation of the negative impact of heat stress on the immune response in broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science. 6: 651-660.
- Atta, A.M., El-Tantawy, S.M.T., Osman, A. and El-Far, A.A. (1996). Suppression of cellular immune response of chickens following in vivo and in vitro heat stress. Egyptian Journal of Animal Production. 33: 71-77.
- (2014). Ross 308. Broiler Performance Objective. Retrieved from www.aviagen.com. Accessed on May 21.
- Campo, J.L., Prieto, M.T. and Da´vila, S.G. (2008). Effects of housing system and cold stress on heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, fluctuating asymmetry, and tonic immobility duration of chickens. Poultry Science. 87: 621-626.
- Daneshyar, M., Kermanshahi, H. and Golian, A. (2009). Changes of biochemical parameters and enzyme activities in broiler chickens with cold-induced ascites. Poultry Science. 88: 106-110.
- Delhanty, J.J. and Solomon, J.B. (1966). The nature of antibodies to goat erythrocytes in the developing chicken. 11: 103-113.
- Esterbauer, H. and Cheesman, K.H. (1990). Determination of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products: malondealdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. Methods in Enzymology. 186: 407-421.
- Fathi, M., Nazer Adl, K., Ebrahim Nezhad, Y., Aghdam Shahryar, H. and Daneshyar, M. (2011). The effects of vitamin E and L-arginine supplementation on antioxidant status and biochemical indices of broiler chickens with pulmonary hypertension syndrome. Research Journal of Poultry Science. 4: 33-40.
- Forman, M.F. and Wideman, R.F. (2001). Furosemide does not facilitate pulmonary vasodilation in broilers during chronic or acute unilateral pulmonary arterial occlusion. Poultry Science. 80: 937-943.
- Geng, A.L. and Guo, Y.M. (2005). Effects of dietary coenzyme Q10 supplementation on hepatic mitochondrial function and the activities of respiratory chain-related enzymes in ascitic broiler chickens. British Poultry Science. 46: 626-634.
- Guo, J.L., Zheng, Q.H., Yin, Q.Q., Cheng, W. and Jiang, Y.B. (2007). Study on mechanism of ascites syndrome of broilers. American Journal of Animal Veterinary Science. 2: 62-65.
- Guo, Y.W., Shi, B.L., Yan, S.M., Xu, Y.Q., Li, J.L. and Li, T.Y. (2015). Effects of arginine on cytokines and nitric oxide synthesis in broilers. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. 25: 366-371.
- Hangalapura, B.N., Nieuwland, M.G.B., Buyse, J., Kemp, B. and Parmentier, H.K. (2004). Effect of duration of cold stress on plasma adrenal and thyroid hormone levels and immune responses in chicken lines divergently selected for antibody responses. Poultry Science. 83: 1644-1649.
- Hay, L. and Hudson, F.C. (2002). Practical Immunology. Fourth Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
- Hester, P.Y., Muir, W.M. and Craig, J.V. (1996). Group selection for adaptation to multiple-hen cages: Humoral immune response. Poultry Science. 75: 1315-1320.
17. Huang, P.L., Huang, Z., Mashimo, H., Bloch, K.D., Moskowitz, M.A., Bevan, J.A. and Fishman, M.C. (1995). Hypertension in mice lacking the gene for endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Nature. 377: 239-242.
- Humphrey, B.D., Stephensen, C.B., Calvert, C.C. and Klasing, K.C. (2006). Lysine deficiency and feed restriction independently alter cationic amino acid transporter expression in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A. 143: 218-227.
- Li, H.Y., Yan, S.M., Shi, B.L. and Guo, X.Y. (2009). Effect of chitosan on nitric oxide content and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in serum and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA in small intestine of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 22: 1048-1053.
- Moreno, S.M. and Hernandez, A. (2003). Nitric oxide synthase expression in the endothelium of pulmonary arterioles in normal and pulmonary hypertensive chickens subjected to chronic hypobaric hypoxia. Avian Diseases. 47: 1291-1297.
- Mujahid, A. (2010). Acute cold-induced thermogenesis in neonatal chicks (Gallus gallus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A. Molecular and Integrative Physiology. 156: 34-41.
- Ocampo, L., Cortez, U., Sumano, H. and Avila, E. (1998). Use of low dose of Clenbuterol to reduce incidence of ascites syndrome in broilers. Poultry Science, 77: 1297-1299.
- Ozdemir, H.S., Aksulu, H.E., Karatas, F., Ustundag, B. and Bingo, (2000). Long-term lisinopril dehydrate application decrease plasma noradrenaline but not adrenaline levels in chickens. Physiological Research. 64: 183-188.
- Prasad, K., Chang, J.B., Oksen, E.R. and Sumpio, B.E. (2000). Textbook of Angiology. 1st Chapter 4: Blood Pressure and Its Control Mechanism. pp: 46-54. Springer, New York.
- Ruiz-Feria, A. (2009). Concurrent supplementation of arginine, vitamin E, and vitamin C improve cardiopulmonary performance in broilers chickens. Poultry Science. 88: 526-535.
- SAS (2002-2003). SAS/STAT Software: change and enhancement through release 9.1. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
- Tan, X., Hu, S.H. and Wang, X.L. (2007). Possible role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in broilers: a synopsis. Avian Pathology. 36: 261-267.
- Wang, Y., Guo, Y., Ning, D., Peng, H., Cai, H., Tan, J., Yang, Y. and Liu, D. (2012). Changes of hepatic biochemical parameters and proteomics in broilers with cold-induced ascites. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. Available at: http://www.jasbsci.com/content/3/1/41.
- Wideman, R.F., Chapman, M.E., Hamal, K.R., Bowen, O.T., Lorenzoni, A.G., Erf, G.F. and Anthony, N.B. (2007). An inadequate pulmonary vascular capacity and susceptibility to pulmonary arterial hypertension in broilers. Poultry Science. 86: 984-998.
- Wideman, R.F., Ismail, M., Kirby, Y.K., Bottje, W.G., Moore, R.W. and Vardeman, R.C. (1995). Furosemide reduces the incidence of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) in broiler exposed to cool environmental temperatures. Poultry Science. 74: 314-322.
- Wideman, R.F., Rhoads, D.D., Erf, G.F. and Anthony, N.B. (2013). Pulmonary arterial hypertension (ascites syndrome) in broilers: A review. Poultry Science. 92: 64-83.
- Wu, D.J., Lin, J.A. and Lin, C.S. (2007). Reduction of dilated cardiomyopathy of broiler chickens model by pharmacological treatments- pathological aspects. Taiwan Veterinary Journal. 33: 6-13.
- Zhang, X.H., Zhong, X., Zhou, Y.M., Du, H.M. and Wang, T. (2009). Effect of RRR-α-tocopherol succinate on the growth and immunity in broilers. Poultry Science. 88: 959-966.