Survey of the nutrition value cactus (Opuntia ficus indica)-alfalfa mixed silage using gas production and effect of ensiling duration on its quality in ruminant nutrition

Norolahi, Fatemeh; Tahmasbi, Reza; Dayani, Omid; Khezri, Amin

doi:10.22092/asj.2021.353458.2124

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ 1Msc Graduate of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

² Reza Tahmasbi (PhD) Associate Professor Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

³ Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

⁴ Asscociate Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22092/asj.2021.353458.2124

Abstract

In this study, first, the gas production content of spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus indica), alfalfa hay and spineless cactus-alfalfa silage were determined, then the effect of ensiling time on silage quality characteristics and nutritional value in day 30, 45, and 60 were examined. To prepare silage, the spineless cactus (66 %) was chopped and mixed with alfalfa (34 %) and ensiled in plastic bags. The collected data were analyzed in a completely randomized design with five replications. The gas production volume (ml) was significant difference among cactus, alfalfa hay, and cactus-alfalfa silage (P<0.05). The pH of the silage increased during ensiling on day 45 and 60 (P<0.05). Also, the lowest crude protein percentage and the highest ammonia nitrogen concentration were observed after ensiling for 60 days (P<0.05). The concentration of lactic acid and fleig point decreased after ensiling for 60 days (P<0.05). The concentration of oleic (cisC18:1), linoleic (cisC18:2) and linolenic fatty acids were highest on day 30 (P<0.05). The spineless cactus has a good digestible organic matter and its cultivation can be considered as an alternative feed. The high carbohydrates in spineless cactus improved the fermentation conditions and mixing it with alfalfa hay improved the quality of silage, so that the index of relative value of silage in all sampling periods was estimated to be favorable. Therefore, ensiling of cactus with a source of protein and fiber can be used to compensate for the lack of animal feed in hot and dry areas.

Keywords

20.1001.1.25886436.1400.34.133.5.6

References

عطریان، پژمان. تغذیه سیلاژ در نشخوارکنندگان. چاپ اول، انتشارات آییژ، 1387.

AOAC (1990) Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.

Broderick, G.A and Kang, J.H. (1980). Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science. 63: 64-75.

Boga, M., Yurtseven, S., Kilic, U., Aydemir, S and Polat., T. (2014). Determination of Nutrient Contents and in vitro Gas Production Values of Some Legume Forages Grown in the Harran Plain Saline Soils. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 27: 825-831.

Brito, G.S.M.S., Santos, E.M., Araújo, G.G.L., Oliveira, J.S., Zanine, A.M., Perazzo, A.F and Cavalcanti, H.S. (2020). Mixed silages of cactus pear and gliricidia: chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, microbial population and aerobic stability. Scientific Reports. 10: 1–13.

Chamberlain, A.T and Wilkinson, J.M. (2000). Feeding the dairy cow (2nd ed.). United Kingdom: Chalcombe Publications, Lincoln.

Cordova-Torresa, A.V., Mendoza-Mendozaa, J.C., Bernal-Santosa, G., García Gascaa, T., Kawasb, J.R., Costac, R.G., Mondragon Jacoboa, C. and Andrade-Montemayora, H.M. (2015). Nutritional Composition, in vitro Degradability and Gas Production of Opuntia ficus indica and Four Other Wild Cacti Species. Life Science Journal. 12: 42-54.

Cordova-Torresa, A.V., Costab, R.G., Araújo Filhoc, J.T., Medeirosb, A.N. and Andrade-Montemayord., H.M. (2017). Meat and milk quality of sheep and goat fed with cactus pear. JPCD. 19: 11-31.

Costa, R.C., Beltr~ao Filho, E.M., Medeiros, A.N., Givisiez, P.E.N., Queirog, R.C.R.E. and Melo, A.A.S. (2009). Effects of increasing levels of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Miller) in the diet of dairy goats and its contribution as a source of water. Small Ruminant Research. 82: 62–65.

Cürek, M. and Ozen, N. (2004). Feed value of cactus and cactus silage. Turkish Journal Veterinary and Animal Sciences. 28: 633–639.

Eguchi, K., Hattori, I., Sawai, A. and Muraki, M. (2008). Fermantation quality of purple corn [zea mays] silage. (National Agricultural Research center for Kyushu Okinawa Region., Kushi, Kumamoto (japan). Journal of Japanese society of Grassland science. 54-141.

FAO-ECARDA. (2017). Crop Ecology, Cultivation and Uses of Cactus Pear. Paolo Inglese, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy; General Coordinator of the Cactusnet Candelario Mondragon, INIFAP, Mexico. Ali Nefzaoui, ICARDA, Tunisia Carmen Saenz, Universidadde Chile, Chile. the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas Rome.

Grum, D.E., Shockey, W. and Weiss, W.P. (1991). Electrophoretic examination of alfalfa silage proteins. Journal of Dairy Science. 74: 146-154.

Gusha, J., Halimani, T. E., Katsande, S. and Zvinorova, P. I. (2014) Performance of goats fed on low quality veld hay supplemented with fresh spiny cactus (Opuntia megacantha) mixed with browse legumes hay in Zimbabwe. Trophcal Animal Health and Prodaction. 46: 1257–1263.

Gusha, J., Halimani, T., Ngongoni, N.T. and Ncube, S. (2015). Effect of feeding cactus-legume silages on nitrogen retention, digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in goats. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 206: 1-7.

Jeranyama, P. and Garcia, A.D. (2004). Understanding relative feed value (RFV) and relative forage quality (RFQ). Extension Extra. Paper 352.

Kung Junior, L., Shaver, R.D., Grant, R.J and Schmidt, R.J. (2018). Silage review: interpretation of chemical, microbial and organoleptic components of silages. Journal of Dairy Science. 101: 4020–4033.

Kilic, A. (1986). Silo Feed (Instruction, Education and Application Proposals). Bilgehan Press, Izmir, pp: 327.

Kilic, A. (2006). Determined of quality in roughage. Hasat Poblication, Istanbul.

Khorvash, M., Colombatto, D., Beauchemin, K.A., Ghorbani, G.R. and Samei, A. (2006). Use of absorbents and inoculants to enhance the quality of corn silage. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 86: 97-107.

Lopes, L.A., Carvalho, F.F.R., Cabral, A.M.D., Batista, A.M.V., Camargo, K.S., Silva, J.R.C., Ferreira, J.C.S., Pereira, Neto, J.D. and Silva, J.L. (2017). Replacement of Tifton hay with alfalfa hay in diets containing spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) for dairy goats. Small Ruminant Research. 156: 7–11.

Limin Kung, J.R.D., Shaver Grant, R.J. and Schmidt, R.J. (2018). Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. Journal of Dairy Science. 101(5): 4020-4033.

Liu, Q., Dong, Z. and Shao, T. (2018). Dynamics of change in fermentation and fatty acid profiles in high moisture alfalfa silage during ensiling at different temperatures. Ciência Rural. 48: 1-9.

Linn, J. G., and Martin, N. P. (1989). “Forage Quality Test and Interpretation.” Univ. Minnesota.

Makkar, H.P.S. (2002). Applications of the in vitro gas method in the evaluation
of feed resources, and enhancement of nutritional value of tannin-rich tree/browse leaves and agro-industrial by-product. In Makkar HPS (ed.), Development and Field Evaluation of Animal Feed Supplementation Packages: Proceedings of the Final Review Meeting of an IAEA Technical Co-Operation Regional AFRA Project Organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and Held in Cairo, Egypt, 25–29 November 2000. IAEA-TECDOC-1294. Vienna, Austria: IAEA, pp. 23–42.

Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D. and Schneider., W. (1979). The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Journal of Agriculture Science Cambridge. 93: 217-222.

Menke, K.H. and Steingass, H. (1988). Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research Development. 28: 7-55.

McDonald, P., Henderson, A.R. and Heron, S.J.E. (1991). Microorganism. In: The Biochemistry of Silage. 2ed. Aberystwyth: Cambran printers Ltd, 1991. Chap. 4: 81-151.

Otmani, S.E.l., Chentouf, M.J., Hornick, L. and Cabaraux, J.F. (2019). Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of alternative feed resources for ruminants in Mediterranean climates: olive cake and cactus cladodes. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 157: 260-271.

Playne, M.J. (1985). Determination of ethanol, volatile fatty acids, lactic and succinic acids in fermentation liquids by gas chromatography. Journal Science of Food and Agriculture. 36: 638-644.

Pereira, G.A., Santos, E.M., Araújo, G.G.L., Oliveira, J.S., Pinho, R.M.A., Zanine, A.de.M., Souza, A.F.N., Macedo, A.J.S., Neto, J.M.C. and Nascimento, T.V.C. (2020). Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria in fresh plants and in silage from Opuntia and their effects on the fermentation and aerobic stability of silage. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 1-9.

Rocha Filho, R.R., Santos, D.C., Chaves V´eras, A.S., Siqueira, M.C.B., Novaes, L.P., Mora-Luna, R., Monteiro, C.C.F. and Ferreira, M.A. (2021). Can spineless forage cactus be the queen of forage crops in dryland areas? Journal of Arid Environments. 186: 1-8.

Sharp, R., Hooper, P.G. and Armstrong, D.G. (1994). The digestion of grass silages produced using inoculants of lactic acid bacteria. Grass Forage Science. 49: 42–53.

Stintzing, F.C. and Carle, R. (2005). Cactus stems (Opuntia spp.): A review on their chemistry, technology and uses. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. 49: 175–194.

Sukhija, P.S. and Palmquist, D.L. (1988). Rapid method for determination of total fatty acid content and composition of feedstuffs and feces. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 36: 1202-1206.

Taasoli, G., Kafilzadeh, F. and Khamisabadi, H. (2011). Evaluation of opuntia ficus-indica cactus grown in western region of Iran as animal feed. Researches of The First International Conference. ISSN 2072-3875.

Van Soest, P.J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. 2nd ed. Cornell University Press, Ithaca.

Zhang, Y.X., Ke, W.C., Vyas, D., Adesogan, A.T., Franco, M., Li, F.H., Bai, J.X and Guo, S. (2021). Antioxidant status, chemical composition and fermentation profile of alfalfa silage ensiled at two dry matter contents with a novel Lactobacillus plantarum strain with high-antioxidant activity. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 272: 1-10.

Research Journal of Livestock Science

Survey of the nutrition value cactus (Opuntia ficus indica)-alfalfa mixed silage using gas production and effect of ensiling duration on its quality in ruminant nutrition

References

References

Limin Kung, J.R.D., Shaver Grant, R.J. and Schmidt, R.J. (2018). Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. Journal of Dairy Science. 101(5): 4020-4033.

Volume 34, Issue 133
March 2022
Pages 59-72

Survey of the nutrition value cactus (Opuntia ficus indica)-alfalfa mixed silage using gas production and effect of ensiling duration on its quality in ruminant nutrition

References

References

Limin Kung, J.R.D., Shaver Grant, R.J. and Schmidt, R.J. (2018). Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. Journal of Dairy Science. 101(5): 4020-4033.

Volume 34, Issue 133March 2022Pages 59-72

Volume 34, Issue 133
March 2022
Pages 59-72