Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch

2 Faculty of Animal Science Research Institute

3 Faculty member of Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

4 Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran

5 Assistant Professor, National Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using normal and nanoencapsulated of lavender and chicory essential oils on performance, carcass characteristics and humoral immunity of broilers. A total of 1050 one-day-old chickens (mixed male and female in equal proportions) of Ross 308 strain were used in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments, 5 replicates and 30 chickens per replicate. Experimental treatments include: 1) basal diet without additives (control), 2 and 3) basal diet containing 100 g / ton of chicory and lavender essential oil, respectively, 4 and 5) basal diet containing 100 g / ton of chicory and lavender nanoencapsulated essential oil, respectively. 6) The basal diet contained 100 grams per ton of chicory essential oil and 100 grams per ton of lavender essential oil and 7) The basal diet contained 100 grams per ton of chicory nanoencapsulated essential oil and 100 grams per ton of lavender nanoencapsulated essential oil. At 42 days of age, highest body weight, production index, carcass percentage, relative breast weight and antibody titer in response to injection of sheep red blood cells, immunoglobulin G and M, as well as the lowest feed intake and feed conversion ratio were observed in the group fed with chicory and lavender nanoencapsulated essential oils (P<0.05). Based on the results, the simultaneous addition of 100 g / ton of chicory and lavender nanoencapsulated essential oils in the diet of broilers is recommended.

Keywords

Main Subjects

حسینی، س. ع. (1397). تعیین اسانس گیاهان دارویی قابل­استفاده به عنوان محرک رشد در جیره جوجه­های گوشتی. گزارش نهایی طرح تحقیقاتی، موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور. شماره فروست سامانه فیپاک: 53385.
سلیمانی،ع.، نوری امامزاده، ع و میمندی­پور، ا. 1392. اثر عصاره های معمولی و نانو کپسوله شده آلوئه ورا، شوید و ریشه گزنه در جیره غذایی بر عملکرد جوجه­های گوشتی. دومین همایش ملی مباحث نوین در کشاورزی. NCNCA02_214
صادقی­مقدم، ش.، وکیلی، ر.، مجیدزاده، ر. و احمدی صنوبری، ا. (1392). بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف پودر زنجبیل بر عملکرد رشد جوجه­های گوشتی، دومین سمینار ملی مدیریت پرورش دام و طیور، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ص. 452-454.
صفامهر، ع. ر، فیضی، م. و نوبخت، ع. (1391). اثر گیاه دارویی کاسنی بر عملکرد و فراسنجه­های بیوشیمیایی در جوجه­های گوشتی، فصلنامه پژوهش­های علوم دامی، شماره 10، ص. 95-102.
علی اکبرپور، م. ر.، کریمی ترشیزی، م. ا.، رضائیان، م.، یوسفی کلاریکلائی، ک. و دوزوری، ر. ل. (1394). تاثیر نوع پروبیوتیک در جیره­­های گوشتی روی رشد بدن، اندام­های سیستم ایمنی و مورفولوژی روده کوچک در هفته اول پرورش. دامپزشکی (پژوهش و سازندگی)، شماره 2، ص. 51-59.
Adaszynska-Skwirzynska, M., and Szczerbinska, D. (2018). The effect of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil as a drinking water supplement on the production performance, blood biochemical parameters, and ileal microflora in broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 1:1-8.   
Ali, A.H.H. (2014). Productive performance and immune response of broiler chicks as affected by dietary marjoram leaves powder. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal. 34: 57-70.
Amiri, N., Afsharmanesh, M., Salarmoini, M., Meimandipour, M., Hosseini, S.A., and Ebrahimnejad, H. (2020). Effects of nanoencapsulated cumin essential oil as an alternative to the antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diets. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 29: 875-885.
Amiri, N., Afsharmanesh, M., Salarmoini, M., Meimandipour, A., Hosseini, S. A., & Ebrahimnejad, H. (2021). Nanoencapsulation (in vitro and in vivo) as an efficient technology to boost the potential of garlic essential oil as alternatives for antibiotics in broiler nutrition. Animal, 15(1), 100022. doi:10.1016/j.animal.2020.100022 
Bajpai, V.K., Baek, K.-H. and Baek, S.C. (2012). Control of Salmonella in foods by using essential oils: A review. Food Research Internatioanl. 45: 722-734.
Carrasco, A., Martinez-Gutierrez, R., Tomas, V., and Tudela, J. (2016). Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula latifolia essential oils from Spain: aromatic profile and bioactivities. Planta Medica. 82: 163-170.
Clavijo-López, V., and Vives-Florez, M.J. (2018). The gastrointestinal microbiome and its association with the control of pathogens in broiler chicken production: A review. Poultry Science. 97:1006-1021.
Cova, C.M., Boffa, L., Pistocchi, M., Giorgini, S., Luque, R., and Cravotto, G. (2019). Technology and process design for phenols recovery from industrial Chicory (Chicorium intybus) leftovers. Molecules. 24 (15): 2681.
Diaz-Sanchez, S., D’Souza, D., Biswas, D. and Hanning, I. (2015). Botanical alternatives to antibiotics for use in organic poultry production. Poultry Science. 94: 1419-1430.  
Franzke, A., Unsicker, S.B., Specht, J., Kohler, G.U., and Weisser, W.W., (2010). Being a generalist herbivore in a diverse world: how do diets from different grasslands influence food plant selection and fitness of the grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus. Ecological Entomology. 35(2): 126-138.   
Giovannini, D., Gismodni, A., Basso, A., Canuti, L., Braglia, R., Canini, A., Mariani, F., and G. Cappelli. (2016). Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Essential oil exerts antibacterial and anti-Inflammatory effect in macrophage mediated immune response to Staphylococcus aureus. Immunological Investigations. 45:11-28.
Hassan, W., Gul-Rehman, S., Noreen, H., Shah, Z., Mohammadzai, I., and Zaman, B. (2016). Chemical composition, essential oil characterization and antimicrobial activity of Carum copticum. Vitamins and Minerals. 5:1-5.
Hosseini S., Meimandipour A.2018. Feeding broilers with thyme essential oil loaded in chitosan nanoparticles: an efficient strategy for successful delivery. British Poultry Science, 59, 669-678
Hussein, E.O.S., Ahmed, S.H., Abudabos, A.M., Aljumaah, M.R., Alkhlulaifi, M.M., Nassan, M.A., Suliman, G.M., Naiel, M.A.E., and Swelum, A.A. (2020). Effect of antibiotic, phytobiotic and probiotic supplementation on growth, blood indices and intestine health in broiler chicks challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Animals. 10: 507.
Isakov, N., Feldmann, M., and Segel, S. (2005). The mechanism of modulation of humeral immune responses after injection of mice with SRBC. Immunology. 128: 969-975.
Karaman I, Sahin F, Güllüce M, Ogütçü H, Sengül M, Adigüzel A. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Juniperus oxycedrus L. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;85:231–5.
Khodambashi N., Emamia, A. Samiea, H. Rahmania  R. and C.A.Ruiz-Feria. (2012). The effect of peppermint essential oil and fructooligosaccharides, as alternatives to virginiamycin, on growth performance, digestibility, gut morphology and immune response of male broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 175:1–2: 57-64. 
Kirimer, N., Mokhtarzadeh, S., Demirci, B., Goger, F., Khawar, K.M., and Demirci, F. (2017). Phytochemical profiling of volatile components of Lavandula angustifolia Miller propagated under in vitro conditions. Industrial Crops and Products. 96: 120-125.
Küçükyilmaz, K., Kiyma, Z., Akdağ, A., Cetinkaya, M., Atalay, H., Ateş, A., Gürsel, F. E. and Bozkurt, M. (2017). Effect of lavender (Lavandula Stoechas) essential oil on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and antioxidant status of broilers. South African Journal of Animal Science. 47:2:178-186.
Masoud-Moghaddam, S., Mehrzad, J., Alizadeh-Ghamsari, A.H., Bahari Kashani, R., and Saeidi J. (2021). Comparison of different herbal additives on immune response and growth performance of broiler chickens. Tropical Animal Science Journal. 44: 327-335.  
Meimandipour, A., Nouri Emamzadeh, A., and Soleimani, A. (2017). Effects of nanoencapsulated aloevera, dill and nettle root extract as feed antibiotic substitutes in broiler chickens. Archives Animal Breeding. 60 (1): 1-7.  
Natrajan D., Srinivasan S., Sundar K., Ravindran A.  (2015). Formulation of essential oil-loaded chitosan–alginate nanocapsules Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 23:560-568.
Peña-Espinoza, M., Williams, A.R., Thamsborg, S.M., Simonsen, H.T., and Enemark, H.L. (2017). Anthelmintic effects of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus) against free-living and parasitic stages of Cooperia oncophora. Veterinary Parasitology. 243: 204-207.
Perović, J., Šaponjac, V.T., Kojić, J., Krulj, J., Moreno, DA., García-Viguera, C., and Ilić, N. (2021). Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) as a food ingredient–nutritional composition, bioactivity, safety, and health claims: A review. Food Chemistry. 336: 127676.
Prusinowska, R., and Smigielski, K. (2014). Composition, biological properties and therapeutic effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.). A Review. Herba Polonica. 2: 56-66.
Ranjbar, K., Khatibjoo, A., Neamati, M., and Fattahnia, F. (2014). Effects of vitamin C, Echium amoenum, and lavender extract on blood metabolite and meat quality of broiler chickens under transport stress. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 2: 159-169.
Saeed, M., Baloch, A.R., Wang, M., Soomro, R., Abdul Majeed Baloch, B. Bux, M.A.A., Faraz, S., Zakriya, H.M. (2015). Use of Cichorium Intybus Leaf extract as growth promoter, hepatoprotectant and immune modulent in broilers. Journal of Animal Production Advances. 5: 585-591.
Salajegheh A., Salarmoini M., Afsharmanesh M. and Salajegheh M.H. (2018). Growth performance, intestinal microflora, and meat quality of broiler chickens fed lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) powder. Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies, 6: 31-38.
Salarmoini, M., Salajegheh, A., Salajegheh, M., and Afsharmanesh, M. (2019). The effect of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) extract in comparison to antibiotic on growth performance, intestinal morphology, ileal microflora, antioxidant status and meat quality of broilers. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science. 9: 717-725.
SAS Institute. 2005. SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.4. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Tajik, F., Eslahi, N., Rashidi, A., and Rad, M.M. (2021). Hybrid antibacterial hydrogels based on PVP and keratin incorporated with lavender extract. Journal of Polymer Research. 28: 1-10. 
Tungmunnithum, D., Thongboonyou, A., Pholboon, A., & Yangsabai, A. (2018). Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds from Medicinal Plants for Pharmaceutical and Medical Aspects: An Overview. Medicines (Basel, Switzerland), 5(3), 93.