Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to determine the nutritive value of total mixed ration silage (TMRS) based on orange pulp (OP). Three diets including: 1) TMRS based on OP plus wheat straw (WS) and concentrate, 2) total mixed ration based on corn silage (CS) plus WS and concentrate, 3) total mixed ration based on alfalfa hay (AH) plus WS and concentrate. The experimental diets were tested for digestibility and voluntary intake in mature male lambs. The DM content of TMRS ranged 28 to 28.5 percent and pH 3.8 to 3.9 that shwed appropriate characteristics of the silage. The in vivo digestibility of DM, OM and metabolisable energy of the TMRS were significantly higher than the other diets (P<0.05). The DM and OM intake, were significantly differences between the diets where the lowest amounts detected by feeding CS diet. The digestible DM and OM intake were significantly higher in TMRS than the other diets (P<0.05). Data obtained from rumen liquor showed that pH was not different between the treatments at different times. The ruminal NH3-N was higher in CS diet before morning feeding but it was not different between TMRS and CS diets at 3h post feeding werase they were higher than the other diet (P<0.05). No differences were obtained between the diets for NH3-N at 6h post feeding. It is concluded that by ensiling of orange pulp plus WS and concentrate could prepare a complete feed ration silage with nutrient balance and appropriate digestibility and palatability.
Keywords
Main Subjects
آمارنامه کشاورزی. (1398). مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطاات، وزارت جهاد کشاورزی
تیموری چمهبن، آ.، تیموری یانسری، ا. چاشنیدل، ی. و جعفری صیادی، ع.ر. (1396). بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی، ویژگیهای کیفی و فراسنجه های تجزیه پذیری شکمبهای تفاله پرتقال سیلوشده با کاه گندم و اوره. پژوهشهای تولیدات دامی. جلد 8 ، شماره 15، ص ص. 95-84.
فضائلی، ح.، علیوردی نسب، ر.، سرمدی، ع. و همتی، ا. (1400). ارزش غذایی سیلاژ تفاله پرتقال همراه با کاه گندم و اوره به روش درون تنی و برون تنی. مجله علوم دامی (پژوهش و سازندگی). شماره 131، ص ص. 166-151.
فضائلی، ح. (1400). سیلاژ خوراک کامل، فناوری نوین در مدیریت تغذیه دام. نشر آموزش کشاورزی. 156 ص.
فضائلی، ح.، باغجری، ا.، سرمدی، ع. و طاهری پور، ج. (1401). خصوصیات سیلویی و ارزش غذایی سیلاژ خوراک کامل بر پایه تفاله پرتقال با نسبتهای مختلف کاه گندم و افزودنیهای متفاوت. نشریه علوم دامی (پژوهش و سازندگی). شماره 134، ص.ص. 74-59.
لشگری، س. و تقی زاده، ا. (1392). تخمین ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیه پذیری و فراسنجه های تخمیری تفاله مرکیات با استفاده از روش کیسه های نایلونی و تولید گاز. نشریه پژوهشهای علوم دامی جلد 23، شماره 1 ص ص. 27-15.
AFRC (1993). Energy and protein requirements of ruminants. Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC), Technical Committee on Responses to Nutrients. CABI Publ
AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. 4th rev. AOAC Int. (1998). Arlington, VA.
Arthington, J.D., Kunkle, W.E. and Martin, A.M. )2002(. Citrus pulp for cattle. Veterinary Clinical Food Animal. 18:317-326.
Arbabi, S., Ghoorchi, T. and Naserian, A.A. (2008). The effect of dried citrus pulp, dried sugar beet pulp and wheat straw as silage additives on by product of orange silage. Asian Journal of Animal Science, 2(2):42-35.
Bampidis, V.A. and Robinson, P.H. (2006). Citrus by-products as ruminant feeds: A review. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 128:175-217.
Berchielli, T.T., Vega-Garcia, A. and Olivera, S.G. )2011). Main evaluation techniques applied in nutrition stududy. In: Berchielli, T.T., Piers, A.V., Olivera, S.G. (Eds.) Nutrition of Ruminants, Funep.
Besharati, M., Karimi, M., Taghizadeh, A., Nemati, Z. and Kaygısız, A. )2020(. Improve quality df alfalfa silage ensiled with orange pulp and bacterial additive. Journal of Agriculture and Nature 23 (6):1669-1677.
Beyzi, S.B., Ülger, I., Kaliber, M. and Konca, Y. (2018). Determination of chemical chomposition, nutritional and fermentation properties of citrus pulp silages. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology. 6(12):1833-1837.
Bretschneider, G., Mattera, J., Cuatrin, A., Arias, D. and Wanzenried, R. (2015). Effect of ensiling a total mixed ration on feed quality for cattle in smallholder dairy farms. Archive of Medical Veterinary. 47:225-229.
Broderick, G.A. and Kang, J.H. (1980). Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science. 63:64-75.
Bueno, A.V.I., Lazzari, G., Jobim, C.C. and Daniel, J.L.P. (2020). Ensiling total mixed ration for ruminants: A Review. Agronomy. 10:1-18. doi:10.3390/agronomy10060879
Cao, Y., Takahashi, T., Horiguchi, K., Yoshida, N. and Cai, Y. (2010). Methane emissions from sheep fed fermented or non-fermented total mixed ration containing whole-crop rice and rice bran. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 157:72-8.
Cervera, C., Carmona, J. F. and Marti, J. )1985(. Effect of urea on the ensiling process of orange pulp. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 12:233-238.
Du, Z., Yamasaki S., Oya T., Nguluve, D., Tinga, B., Macome, F. and Cai, Y. (2020). Ensiling characteristics of total mixed ration prepared with local feed resources in Mozambique and their effects on nutrition value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle. Animal Science Journal. 91:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13370.
Ferreira, D.J., Zanine, A.M., Lana, R.P., Souza, A.L., Ribeiro, M.D., Negrão, F.M., Alves, G.R. and Castro, W.J.R. (2017). Intake and digestibility in sheep fed on maranda grass silages added with dehydrated barley. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileria. 37(2):171-178
Gusmao, J.O., Danes, M.A.C., Casagrande, D.R. and Bernardes, T.F. (2018). Total mixed ration silage containing elephant grass for small-scale dairy farms. Grass and Forage Science. 1-10. DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12357
Hadjipanayiotou, M. )1988(. The feeding value of peanut hay and silage made from peanut shells and citrus pulp with the addition of urea. Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agricultur and Natural Resources. Nicosia, Cyprus.
Huyen, L., Van, N.T. and Kinh, L.V. (2020). A study on effect of rice bran and urea level on fermentation characteristics of fresh cashew apple silage. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 32(12). http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd32/12/bachin32185.html
Filik, G. and Kutulu, H.R. (2018). Determination of nutrient values in drying citrus pulp with alternative drying methods. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture 1(1):11-14.
Leite, L.A., Reis, R.B., Pimentel, P.G., Saturnino, H.M., Coelho, S.G. and Moreira, G.R. (2017). Performance of lactating dairy cows fed sunflower or corn silages and concentrate based on citrus pulp or ground corn. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science (R. Bras. Zootec). 46(1):56-64.
Lewis, R.M. and Emmans, G.C. (2010). Feed intake of sheep as affected by body weight, breed, sex, and feed composition. Journal of Animal Science. 88(2):467-480.
Miyaji, M. and Matsuyama, H. (2016). Lactation and digestion in dairy cows fed ensiled total mixed ration containing steam- flaked or ground rice grain. Animal Science Journal. 87:767-774.
Miyaji, M. Matsuyama, H. and Nonaka, K. (2017). Effect of ensiling process of total mixed ration on fermentation profile, nutrient loss and in situ ruminal degradation characteristics of diet. Animal Science Journal. 88:134-139.
Miyaji, M. and Nonaka, K. (2018). Effects of altering total mixed ration conservation method when feeding dry-rolled versus steam-flaked hulled rice on lactation and digestion in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 101:5092-5101.
Mostafizar, R., Vinitchaikul, P., Panthee, A., Xue, B. and Sano, H. (2015). Effect of feeding whole-crop corn silage as dietary roughage on physiological and digestive response of sheep under heat exposure. Animal Production Science. 57(3):505-512. LP
Ning, T., Wang, H., Zheng, M., Niu, D., Zuo, S. and Xu, C. 2017. Effects of microbial enzymes on starch and hemicellulose degradation in total mixed ration silages. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 30 (2):171-180.
Restelatto, R., Novinski, C.O., Pereira, L.M., Silva, P.A., Volpi, D., Zoollatto, M. Schmidt, P. and Faciola, A.O. (2019). Chemical composition, fermentative losses, and microbial counts of total mixed ration silages inoculated with different Lactobacillus species. Journal of Animal Science. 97(4):634-1644.
Santana Neto, J.A., Oliveira, J.S., Oliveira, C.G.B., Santos, C.M., Costa, E.C.B., Saraiva, C.A.S. and Pinho, R.M.A. (2019). Ammonia levels on in vitro degradation of fibrous carbohydrates from buffel grass. South African Journal of Animal Science. 49 (3). doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v49i3.19
Santos, A., Santos, EM., Oliveira, J., Carvalho, G., Araújo, G., Zanine, A., Pinho, R., Ferreira, D., Macedo, A. and Alves, J. (2021). Effect of urea on gas and effluent losses, microbial populations, aerobic stability and chemical composition of corn (Zea mays L.) silage. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - UNCuyo Tomo 53(1):309-319.
Scerra, V., Caparra, P., Foti, F., Lanza, M. and Priolo, A. (2001). Citrus pulp and wheat straw silage as an ingredient in lamb diets: effects on growth and carcass and meat quality. Small Ruminant Research. 40:51-56.
Silva, L.D., Pereira, O.G., Silva, T., Filho, S.V., Ribeiro, K.G. and Santos, S.A. (2018). Intake, apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and nitrogen efficiency in sheep fed a tropical legume silage with or without concentrate. An Acad Bras Cienc. 90(4):3151-3157.
Sun, X., Chen, A., Pacheco, D., Hoskin, S.O. and Luo, D. (2021). Sheep Rumen Fermentation characteristics affected by feeding frequency and feeding level when fed fresh forage. Animals, 10, 7; doi:10.3390/ani10010007.
Tariq, M. (2021). In vitro digestibility of alfalfa silage supplemented with different amount of orange and mandarin pulp. Master thesis, Department of Animal Production and Technologies of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University.
Tian, T., Vyas, D., Niu, D., Zuo, S., Jiang, Di. and Xu, C.H. (2020). Effects of calcium carbonate on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. 29:167-174.
Ülger, İ. Beyzi, S.B., Kaliber, M. and Konca, Y. (2020). Chemical, nutritive, fermentation profile and gas production of citrus pulp silages, alone or combined with maize silage. South African Journal of Animal Science. 50(1):162-169.
Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science. 74(10):3583–90.
Volanis, M., Zoiopoulos, P. and Tezerakis, E. (2006). Utilization of an ensiled citrus pulp mixture in the feeding of lactating dairy ewes. Small Ruminant Research. 64:190-195.
Volker Linton, J.A. and Allen, M.S. (2008). Nutrient demand interacts with forage family to affect intake and digestion responses in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 91:2694-2701.
Vranić, M., Knežević, M., Bošnjak, K., Leto, J., Perčulija, G. and Matić, I. (2008). Effects of replacing grass silage harvested at two maturity stages with maize silage in the ration upon the intake, digestibility and N retention in wether sheep. Livestock Science. 114:84-92.
)