Research Journal of Livestock Science

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Effect of feed form and nutrient density on body weight, intestinal morphology and gizzard muscle thickness in broiler breeder pullets

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resource

2 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

3 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Basij Square, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran

4 Gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources

5 Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, New Zealand.

Abstract

A total of 450 Ross 308 female broiler breeder pullets were distributed into 30 experimental units with 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 15 birds per each. The experiment was performed in a a completely randomized design with a factorial 2 × 3 arrangement consisted of 3 feed forms (mash, crumble, and pellet) and 2 levels of nutrient density (standard diet and diluted diet to 90% standard) in the grower and pre-breeder periods. The results showed that feed form in the diluted diet had no significant effect on the weight of broiler breeder pullets during the grower period, while the use of pellet feed compared to mash feed in the standard diet caused a significant increase in body weight (P< 0.05). Pellet and crumble feeds compared to mash feed in the pre-production period caused a significant increase in body weight and diet dilution caused a significant decrease in the body weight of broiler breeder pullets (P<0.05). Neither feed form nor nutrient density significantly affected jejunum villi morphology (P> 0.05). The use of pellet feed compared to mash feed caused an increase in the thickness of the gizzard dorsal muscles (P< 0.05). Based on the results of this experiment, the use of pellet or crumble diets containing nutrients recommended levels can cause problems in weight control in broiler breeder pullets due to increased weight, but diluting the diet to 90% of the nutrients recommendation are effective to a large extent in controlling body weight.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
Abadi, M.H.M.G. Moravej, H. Shivazad, M. Torshizi, M.A.K. Kim, W.K. 2019. Effects of feed form and particle size, and pellet binder on performance, digestive tract parameters, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora populations in broilers. Poult. Sci. 98, 1432–1440.
Abdollahi, M.R. Zaefarian, F. Hunt, H, Anwar, M. 2019. Wheat particle size, insoluble fibre sources and whole wheat feeding influence gizzard musculature and nutrient utilisation to different extents in broiler chickens. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 103, 146-161.
Abdollahi, M.R. Ravindran, V. Svihus, B. 2014. Influence of feed form on growth performance, ileal nutrient digestibility, and energy utilisation in broiler starters fed a sorghum-based diet. Livest. Sci. 65, 80–86.
Abdollahi, M.R. Ravindran, V. Svihus, B. 2013. Pelleting of broiler diets: An overview with emphasis on pellet quality and nutritional value. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 179, 1–23.
Ahmed, M. Amerah, R. Lentle, G. and Ravindran, V. 2007. Influence of feed form on gizzard morphology and particle size spectra of duodenal digesta in broiler chickens. J. Poult. Sci. 44: 175-181.
Amornthewaphat, N. Lerdsuwan, S. Attamangkune, S. 2005. Effect of extrusion of corn and feed form on feed quality and growth performance of poultry in a tropical environment. Poult. Sci. 84, 1640–1647.
Aviagen. 2016. Ross 308 Parent Stock Management Handbook: Performance objectives. Aviagen, Ltd, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.
Chewning, C.J. Stark, C.R. Brake, J. 2012. Effects of particle size and feed form on broiler performance. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 21, 830–837.
De Jong, I.C. van Voorst, S. Blokhuis, H.J. 2003. Parameters for quantification of hunger in broiler breeders. Physiol. Behav. 78, 773–783.
Duke, G.E. 1992. Recent studies on regulation of gastric motility in turkeys. Poult. Sci. 71, 1-8.
Ege, G. Bozkurt, M. Koçer, B. Tüzün, A.E. Uygun, M. Alkan, G. 2019. Influence of feed particle size and feed form on productive performance, egg quality, gastrointestinal tract traits, digestive enzymes, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility of laying hens reared in enriched cages. Poult. Sci. 98, 3787-3801.
Engberg, R.M. Hedemann, M.S. Jensen, B.B. 2002. The influence of grinding and pelleting of feed on the microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract of broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 43, 569-579.
Enting, H. Kruip, T.A.M. Verstegen, M.W. A. Van Der Aar, P.J. 2007a. The effect of low-density diets on broiler breeder performance during the laying period and on embryonic development of their offspring. Poult. Sci. 86, 850-856...
Enting, H. Veldman, A. Verstegen, M.W. Van Der Aar, P.J. 2007b. The effect of low-density diets on broiler breeder development and nutrient digestibility during the rearing period. Poult. Sci. 86, 720-726.
Ghazi, A.M.Z. Gameel, A. Al-Maktari, M.A. 2012. A comparative effect of mash and pellet feed on broiler performance and ascites at high altitude (field study). Glob. Vet. 9, 154–159.
Guzman, P. Saldana, B. Mandalawi, H. Perez-Bonilla, A. Mateos, G.G. 2015. Productive performance of brown-egg laying pullets from hatching to 5 weeks of age as affected by fiber inclusion, feed form, and energy concentration of the diet. Poult. Sci. 94, 249–261.
Hocking, P.M. Bernard, R. Wilkie, R.S. Goddard, C. 1994. Plasma growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations at the onset of lay in ad libitum and restricted broiler breeder fowl. Br. Poult. Sci. 35, 299–308.
Hosseini, S.M. Chamani, M. Mousavi, S.N. Hosseini, S.A. and Sadeghi, A.A. 2017. Effects of dietary physical form and dietary inclusion of probiotic and enzyme on growth performance, cellular and humoral immunity, and relative weights of lymphoid organs at early period of broiler chickens fed triticale-based diets. South Afric. J. Anim. Sci. 47, 776-784.
Idan, F. Paulk, G. Pokoo-Aikins, A. and Stark, C. 2023. Growth performance, intestinal morphometry, and blood serum parameters of broiler chickens fed diets containing increasing levels of wheat bran with or without exogenous multi-enzyme supplementation during the grower and finisher phases. Lives. Sci. 275, 105296.
Iji, P. A., Hughes, R. J., Choct, M., and Tivey, D. R. 2001. Intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens on wheat-based diets supplemented with a microbial enzyme. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 14, 54-60.
Jim´enez-Moreno, E. J. M. Gonz´alez-Alvarado, A. Gonz´alez-Serrano, R. L´azaro, and G. G. Mateos. 2009. Effect of dietary fiber and fat on performance and digestive traits of broilers from one to twenty-one days of age. Poult. Sci. 88, 2562–2574.
Massuquetto, A. Panisson, J.C. Schramm, V.G. Surek, D. Krabbe, E.L. Maiorka, A. 2020 Effects of feed form and energy levels on growth performance, carcass yield and nutrient digestibility in broilers. Animals. 14, 1139–1146.
Perez, V. Jacobs, C. Barnes, J. Jenkins, M. Kuhlenschmidt, M. S. Fahey Jr, G. Parsons, C. M. & Pettigrew, J. 2011. Effect of corn distillers dried grains with solubles and Eimeria acervulina infection on growth performance and the intestinal microbiota of young chicks. Poult. Sci. 90, 958-964.
Rezaei, M. Torshizi, M.A.K. Wall, H. Ivarsson, E.2018. Body growth, intestinal morphology and microflora of quail on diets supplemented with micronised wheat fibre. Br. Poult. Sci. 59, 422–429.
SAS (Statistical Analyses System). 2013. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics Release 9.4. Cary, NC. SAS Institute Incorporation.
Sklan, D. Smirnov, A. Plavnik, I. 2003. The effect of dietary fiber on the small intestines and apparent di-gestion in the turkey. Br. Poult. Sci. 44, 735–740.
Svihus, B. 2011 The gizzard: function, influence of diet structure and effects on nutrient availability. World Poul. Sci. J. 67, 207-224
Svihus, B. Juvik, E. Hetland, H. Krogdahl, A. 2004. Causes for improvementin nutritive value of broiler chicken diets with whole wheat instead of ground wheat. Br. Poult. Sci. 45, 55–60.
Tejeda, O.J. Kim, W.K. 2020. The effects of cellulose and soybean hulls as sources of dietary fiber on the growth performance, organ growth, gut histomorphology, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 99, 6828–6836.
Wan, Y. Ma, R. Khalid, A. Chai, L. Qi, R. Liu, W. Zhan, K. 2021. Effect of the pellet and mash feed forms on the productive performance, egg quality, nutrient metabolism, and intestinal morphology of two laying hen breeds. Animals. 11, 701.
Whittaker, X. Spoolder, H.A.M. Edwards, S.A. Lawrence, A.B. Corning, S. 1998. The influence of dietary fibre and the provision of straw on the development of stereotypic behavior in food restricted pregnant sows. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 61, 89–102.
Yokhana, J. S. Parkinson, G. Frankel, T.L. 2016. Effect of insoluble fiber supplementation applied at different ages on digestive organ weight and digestive enzymes of layer‐strain poultry. Poult. Sci. 95, 550–559.
Zaefarian, F. Abdollahi, M.R. Ravindran, V. 2016. Particle size and feed form in broiler diets: Impact on gastrointestinal tract development and gut health. World Poult. Sci. J. 72, 277–290.
Research Journal of Livestock Science
Volume 37, Issue 144
December 2024
Pages 121-132
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics