Animal and poultry nutrition
Fatemeh Asgharzadeh; Nazar Afzali; Seyed Homayoun Farhangfar; M. A. Karimi Torshizi
Abstract
In this research, the effect of zinc and selenium synthesized from nano-mineralized probiotics was investigated on yield characteristics, egg quality characteristics, antioxidant status, and immune response of laying hens. A number of 576 high-line laying hens at the peak of production (from 25 to 37 ...
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In this research, the effect of zinc and selenium synthesized from nano-mineralized probiotics was investigated on yield characteristics, egg quality characteristics, antioxidant status, and immune response of laying hens. A number of 576 high-line laying hens at the peak of production (from 25 to 37 weeks of age in three four-week periods) were used as a completely randomized design with a 3x3 factorial experiment with eight replications and eight birds per replication. Experimental treatments are 1. The control diet (without selenium and zinc), 2. Control diet + selenium chelate, 3. Control diet + zinc chelate, 4. Control diet + zinc synthesized from probiotics, 5. Control diet + selenium synthesized from probiotics, 6. Control diet + zinc chelate + selenium chelate, 7. Diet Control + zinc chelate + selenium synthesized from probiotic, 8. Control diet + zinc synthesized from probiotic + selenium chelate, 9. Control diet + zinc synthesized from probiotic + selenium synthesized from probiotic. The results showed that using zinc and selenium synthesized from probiotics increased production percentage, average egg weight, and improved feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). The serum concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride and malondialdehyde in chickens receiving probiotic zinc and selenium was the lowest. The serum HDL concentration and total antioxidant index were the highest compared to other treatments (P<0.05). In general conclusion, zinc and selenium synthesized from nano-mineralized probiotics have a better performance in laying hens.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Zahra Heidarisafar; Amirali Sadeghi; Ahmad Karimi
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of agricultural wastes as a non-fasting method on inducted molting, productive performance, immune response, and blood parameters of laying hens with five experimental treatments and five replicates, including seven birds in each replicate. Dietary ...
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The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of agricultural wastes as a non-fasting method on inducted molting, productive performance, immune response, and blood parameters of laying hens with five experimental treatments and five replicates, including seven birds in each replicate. Dietary treatments consisted of feed withdrawal, apple peel waste, carrot pomace, tomato pomace, and zinc oxide (20 g/kg). The results indicated feed intake in pomace groups decreased significantly (P<0.05). Molting methods did not affect body weight reduction. The zinc group was the lowest egg production in during the molting time, and apple peel waste and tomato pomace groups significantly increased compared to the zinc oxide group in resting time (P<0.05). In days 5 and 11 of molting, heterophil to lymphocyte ratios were significantly lower in the pomace groups than in the feed withdrawal group (P<0.05). Pomace treatments had no significant effect on the egg quality, except for carrot pomace and tomato pomace groups, which increased the yolk color (P<0.05). The lowest level of triglyceride was related to pomaces, the highest levels of cholesterol and MDA were attributed to the feed withdrawal group, and the highest levels of glucose were reported for the tomato pomace, which were statistically significant compared with the control group (P<0.05). Ovary and oviduct weights were significantly lower in the pomace groups than the zinc oxide group (P<0.05). In conclusion, using tomato pomac or apple peel waste as a non-fasting molting method can be an effective alternative to the feed withdrawal method.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Halmat Assi Husain; Amirali Sadeghi; Ahmad Karimi
Abstract
In present study the effects of chicory, turmeric, artichoke and sage powder on yield, egg quality and fatty liver status in laying hens fed high energy and low protein diets. A total of 270 LSL laying hens at 80 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 5 treatments, 6 replications and 9 birds per replicate. ...
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In present study the effects of chicory, turmeric, artichoke and sage powder on yield, egg quality and fatty liver status in laying hens fed high energy and low protein diets. A total of 270 LSL laying hens at 80 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 5 treatments, 6 replications and 9 birds per replicate. Experimental treatments were included high energy (3000 kcal/kg) and low protein (13%) diet as control, and four diets containing 0.15% of chicory stem and root powder, turmeric rizhom powder, artichoke leaf powder or milk thistle powder. The results showed that treatments decresed feed intake and turmeric increased egg weight (P<0.05). Yolk color, white weight, and shell weight were affected (P<0.05) positively by medicinal plants. Diet containing turmeric significantly reduced blood glucose compared to control diet (P<0.05). The effect of treatments on biochemical and hematological parameters of blood was not significant (P>0.05). Abdominal fat weight was significantly lower in birds received milk thistle diet (P<0.05). The results showed that the medicinal plants used in the present study had no effect on bird’s performance however milk thistle powder by lowering the abdominal fat and with lower histological and hemoragic scores had more potential for improvement of fatty liver and more researches with higher level of milk thestle is needed.
Animal and poultry physiology
Abolfazl Salehizadeh; M. Khodaei Motlagh; Iman Hajkhodadadi; Koorosh Gholmi
Abstract
Investigation of the effect of different water intake conditions on the performance, egg quality traits, and accumulation of uric acid in the kidney of commercial laying Bovans strain in mid production phase, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. Experiments performed with 288 ...
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Investigation of the effect of different water intake conditions on the performance, egg quality traits, and accumulation of uric acid in the kidney of commercial laying Bovans strain in mid production phase, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. Experiments performed with 288 laying hens of Bovans hens including 4 treatments and 6 replications (12 hens per replication). All diets based on corn - soybean and metabolizable energy and protein levels were same . Experimental treatments include: 1) 3 nipples with regulated pressure with regulator, 2) 2 nipples with regulated pressure with regulator, 3) 3 nipples with pressure regulated with flash tank and 4) 2 nipples with pressure regulated with flash tank. Also, there was no significant difference between the treatment and the effect of the period in the parameters of feed consumption and feed conversion ratio and egg weight component and egg mass produced (P> 0.05). Regarding histological results, no significant effect was seen between experimental treatments on histological parameters including glomerular diameter, number of glomeruli, number of proximal tubes, number of distal tubes, number of tubes collecting ducts (P> 0.05). Also, parameters related to blood glucose and HDL- cholesterol levels as well as the amount of alanine aminotransferase were not affected by experimental treatments and were not significant (P> 0.05). Therefore, with respect to improving the quality of shell weight, a significant reduction in cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid and heterophilic to lymphocyte ratio, the use of three nipples with regulated pressure is recommended.
Samira Faryadi; ardashir sheikhahmadi; Ayoub Farhadi; Himan Nourbakhsh
Abstract
In this study, the effect of silymarin powder (SMP), nano-silymarin (NSM), and lecithinized silymarin (LSM) were considered on shell quality, carcass characteristics, some blood biochemical parameters, concentration of calcium, and phosphorus bone and iNOS gene expression in older laying hens. Materials ...
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In this study, the effect of silymarin powder (SMP), nano-silymarin (NSM), and lecithinized silymarin (LSM) were considered on shell quality, carcass characteristics, some blood biochemical parameters, concentration of calcium, and phosphorus bone and iNOS gene expression in older laying hens. Materials and methods: Seventy 80-weeks Lohmann LSL-Lite hens were allocated to 7 treatments with 10 replicates. Treatments included: 1) diet without silymarin (control), 2) daily intake of 100 mg SMP/kg body weight (BW), 3) daily intake of 200 mg SMP/kg BW, 4) daily intake of 100 mg NSM/kg BW, 5) daily intake of 200 mg NSM/kg BW, 6) daily intake of 100 mg LSM/kg BW, and 7) daily intake of 200 mg LSM/kg BW. The results indicated that all groups receiving silymarin showed an decrease in serum cholesterol content than the control (p <0.05) except those fed the SMP 100 diet. There were a decreases in iNOS gene expression in birds fed the NSM and LSM diets compared to control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the effects of silymarin were more pronounced when converted to NSM or LSM and offered at the highest level (p <0.05). Overally, diet supplementation with 200 mg/kg BW of NSM or LSM to have been able to reduce blood lipids and iNOS gene expression.
Aidin Dokht Niknia; Reza Vakili; Abdolmansour Tahmasbi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two mineral and organic forms of zinc on antioxidant activity and bone strength in the last phase of laying hens. 175 Leghorn laying hens (w36) with 80 week of age were divided into 7 treatments and 5 replications in a completely randomized design. ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two mineral and organic forms of zinc on antioxidant activity and bone strength in the last phase of laying hens. 175 Leghorn laying hens (w36) with 80 week of age were divided into 7 treatments and 5 replications in a completely randomized design. The treatments were: control (without zinc supplementation) treatments containing zinc sulfate (15, 30 and 45 mg/kg). Organic zinc treatments (15, 30 and 45 mg/kg, respectively). The results showed that there was a significant increase in feed intake between the control treatment and 15 and 45 mg inorganic zinc and all organic zinc treatments (P<0.05). Egg weight in 45 mg inorganic zinc and all organic zinc treatments and egg mass in 15 and 30 mg organic zinc treatments showed a statistically significant increased. feed conversion ratio of organic zinc treatments was decreased significantly (P<0.05) . Regarding to egg quality traits, no significant difference was observed between experimental treats with control treatment (P>0.05). Both mineral and organic zinc supplements increased serum SOD activity as an antioxidant index at all levels (P<0.05). Tibial bone strength increased in laying hens of receiving 30 mg/kg organic zinc. According to the results, organic zinc can be improved feed intake and feed conversion ratio; Increased yield, antioxidant activity and bone strength in laying hens in the final stages of production.
zahra tahami; Behrouz Dastar; Ehsan Oskoueian; Seyed reza hashemi
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on laying hens' performance, quality traits and peroxidation of egg yolks and whites. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 300 laying hens (W-36) from 23 to 35 weeks of ...
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This study was performed to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on laying hens' performance, quality traits and peroxidation of egg yolks and whites. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 300 laying hens (W-36) from 23 to 35 weeks of age with 5 treatments and 6 replications and 10 laying hens in each replication. Experimental treatments include: treatment one or control (basic diet without selenium), The second treatment of 0.5 selenite-sodium (base diet+0.5 mg/kg selenite-sodium), the third treatment selenite-sodium 1 (basic diet+1mg/kg selenite-sodium), the fourth treatment selenium-methionine 0.5 (basal diet + 0.5 mg/kg seleno-methionine) and the fifth treatment was seleno-methionine 1 (basal diet +1 mg/kg seleno-methionine). The results showed that experimental treatments had no significant effect on egg weight, weight mass, production percentage, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and egg yolk and egg white characteristics (P<0.05). Peroxidation of egg yolk and egg white fats in 1 mg/kg seleno-methionine treatment showed the lowest rate compared to other experimental treatments (P<0.05). The results of the present study showed that among the sources of selenium, 1 mg/kg of selenium-methionine more effectively reduced the peroxidation of fats and increased antioxidant activity.
Mohammad Reza Jamali; Mohammad Reza Ghorbani; Ahmad Tatar; somayeh sallary; Morteza Chaji
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Purslane extract (PE) on performance, egg quality and ovary quantitative characteristics of laying hens. One hundred and twenty laying hens (Leghorn, Hy-Line W36) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 5 replicates and 6 ...
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An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Purslane extract (PE) on performance, egg quality and ovary quantitative characteristics of laying hens. One hundred and twenty laying hens (Leghorn, Hy-Line W36) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 5 replicates and 6 hens per replicate. Four experimental treatments were, control (Corn-Soy basal diet) and 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 % of Purslane extract which added to basal diet. The results indicated that there were no significant differences on performance parameters of laying hens (P>0.05). Haugh unit traits, shell thickness and egg yolk percentage did not affected by different levels of PE (P>0.05). However, shell strength, shell percentage and yolk color, increased with inclusion of PE in diet rather than control group. Shell strength in 0.3 % of PE had highest value (2.02 kg/cm2). Primary antibody response did not affected by experimental diets (P>0.05), but, secondary antibody significantly (P<0.05) increased in 0.1% of PE when compared to the control group (31 %). In this study, adding PE significantly (P<0.05) increased ovary weight, number of large yellow follicles and weight of largest yellow follicle when compared to control group (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that, inclusion purslane extract in 0.1% to the laying hens diet, can improve secondary immune response and egg quality.
Mojtaba Vafaeinia; Hossein Moravej; Mahmood Shivazad; Hassan Shirzadi; Abdollah Akbarian; S. Khalaji
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of different dietary energy levels in the rearing period on performance and productive traits of layer hens during the laying cycle. 196-day-old layer chicks were randomly assigned to 7 treatments (2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 2900 and 3000 Kcal ME/kg), ...
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An experiment was conducted to study the effects of different dietary energy levels in the rearing period on performance and productive traits of layer hens during the laying cycle. 196-day-old layer chicks were randomly assigned to 7 treatments (2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 2900 and 3000 Kcal ME/kg), with 4 replicates of 7 birds each. The treatment containing 2800 Kcal ME/kg was considered as the control group. Results showed that feeding different dietary energy levels had no effect on feed intake and weight gain (P>0.05). Even though, feed to egg ratio was increased by reduction of dietary energy levels, decreasing energy levels up to 2400 Kcal ME/kg had no significant effect as compared to control group (P>0.05). Feed intake per dozen eggs and egg number per hen were not affected by reducing energy level up to 2500 Kcal ME/kg, as compared to control group (P>0.05). In addition, diluting the dietary energy up to 2600 and 2700 Kcal ME/kg had no effect on egg production and time of laying commencement, respectively (P>0.05). In conclusion, feeding the treatment containing 3000 Kcal ME/kg, not only improved performance and productive traits, but also increased the average weight of each egg when compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Furthermore, this energy level led to a decreased feed cost per each kilogram of egg (7.25%). Thereupon, it is suggested to apply this energy level in the rearing periods to obtain a desirable performance.
sara mirzaie goudarzi; fatemeh borjizadeh; ali asghar saki; dariush alipour; pouya zamani
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to consider of sunflower meal (SFM) levels and protease enzyme on performance, egg quality traits and intestinal morphology of laying hens from 78 to 86 weeks of age. In total, one hundred and twenty white Bovans laying hens were used in 6 treatments, 5 replicates and 4 ...
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This experiment was conducted to consider of sunflower meal (SFM) levels and protease enzyme on performance, egg quality traits and intestinal morphology of laying hens from 78 to 86 weeks of age. In total, one hundred and twenty white Bovans laying hens were used in 6 treatments, 5 replicates and 4 hens in each in a factorial arrangement 3×2 by completely randomized design (CRD). The experimental treatments contain 3 levels (0, 6.78 and 13.56% SFM) and 2 levels of protease enzyme (0 and 200 g/ton). Results have shown that second level of SFM (6.78%) in the diet increased egg production than control treatment (P<0.05). Feed intake increased significantly (p<0.05) by enzyme supplementation. Increased feed intake by 13.56% SFM with enzyme than 0 and 13.56% SFM without enzyme and 6.78% SFM with enzyme supplementation (p<0.05). Egg quality including shape index, yolk index, haugh unit and shell weight (p<0.05) were improved by protease enzyme. Duodenal villus width significantly decreased by 13.56% of SFM without enzyme supplementation (p<0.05). Height of duodenal villus decreased by enzyme supplementation (p<0.05). The general results have indicated that could be use sunflower meal up to 13.56% with enzyme in laying hens diet without any adverse effect on performance.
A.A. Saki; M. Abdolmaleki; S. Mirzaie Goudarzi; P. Zamani; E. Taheri; M. Manafi
Abstract
This study was conducted the effects of supplemental folic acid (FA) on egg folate content and blood plasma folate level, performance and egg quality of laying hens from 54 wk of age. In this study were used 80 Hy-line W-36 laying hen, allocated in completely random design to 4 treatments and 5 replicated ...
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This study was conducted the effects of supplemental folic acid (FA) on egg folate content and blood plasma folate level, performance and egg quality of laying hens from 54 wk of age. In this study were used 80 Hy-line W-36 laying hen, allocated in completely random design to 4 treatments and 5 replicated cages contain 4 birds per cage. Experimental treatment were consisted of basal diet and 2, 3,4 plus three levels 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg folic acid in diet. Experiment period was week 8. Folic acid supplementation did not affect egg quantity consisting of weight, production percentage and egg mass, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and egg quality consisting of shape index, egg surface area Specific gravity, Shell weight, Shell thickness and Huagh unit (P>0.05). Yolk folate content and plasma were increased with folate supplementation.Based on regression relationships, showed that 137.5 mg folic acid/kg diets represent the best effects with respect to folate content of egg yolk.
