Effect of different levels of threonine amino acid on performance and immune response of Arian broiler chickens in the starter period.

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

To investigation the effect of different levels of the threonine amino acid on performance and immune response of Arian strain broiler chickens in the first period (1 to 21 days), an experiment was conducted by using 600 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments, 5 replications and 30 birds per each experimental unit (rep). Experimental treatments were consisting of 0.66, 0.76, 0.86, 0.96, 1.06 and 1.16 percent of threonine amino acid. To prevent the inhibitory effects of other amino acids, amino acids levels were adjusted higher than the recommendations. Factors measured were including daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and immune response. The results showed that yield and immune response in a non-linear responded to increased levels of threonine. So that the daily gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and immunoglobulin M showed a significant difference (p<0.05). On the other hand, the response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and immunoglobulin G were not statistically significant (p>0.05).

Keywords

References

Austic, R.E., Keene, J.C. and Yuan, J.H. (2000). Effect of dietary protein level on amino acid imbalance and toxicity. Paper presented at the Proc. Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers (Rochester).
Bregendahl, K., J. L. Sell and D. R. Zimmerman. 2002. Effect of low protein diets on growth performance and body composition of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci, 81:1156-1167.
Corzo, A., Kidd, M., Dozier, W., Pharr, G. and Koutsos, E. (2007). Dietary threonine needs for growth and immunity of broilers raised under different litter conditions. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 16: 574-582.
Defa, L., Changting, X., Shiyan, Q., Jinhui, Z., Johnson, E. and Thacker, P. (1999). Effects of dietary threonine on performance, plasma parameters and immune function of growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 78: 179-188.
D'Mello, J. and Emmans, G. (1975). Amino acid requirements of the young turkey: lysine and arginine. British Poultry Science, 16: 297-306.
Douglas, M.W. and Parsons, C.M. (1999). Dietary formulation with rendered spent hen meals on a total amino acid versus a digestible amino acid basis. Poultry Science, 78: 556-560.
Dozier, W., Moran, E. and Kidd, M. (2000). Threonine requirements for broiler males from 42 to 56 days of age. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 9: 214-222.
Everett, D. L. Corzo, A. Dozier, W. A. Tillman, P. B. and Kidd, M. T. (2010). Lysine and threonine responses in Ross TP16 male broilers. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 19 :  321-326.
Figueiredo, G.O., Bertechini, A.G., Fassani, E.J., Rodrigues, P.B., Brito, J.A.G. and Castro, S.F. (2012) Performance and egg quality of laying hens fed with dietary levels of digestible lysine and threonine. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, 64: 743-750.
Han, Y. and Baker, D.H. (1993). Effects of sex, heat stress, body weight, and genetic strain on the dietary lysine requirement of broiler chicks. Poultry Scinece, 72: 701-708.
Khan, A., Nawaz, H. and Zahoor, I. (2006). Effect of different levels of digestible Threonine on growth performance of broiler chicks. Journal Animal Poultry Science, 16: 1-2.
Kidd, M. T. (2000). Nutritional consideration concerning threonine in broilers. World Poultry Science Journal, 56: 139-151.
Kidd, M., Gerard, P., Heger, J., Kerr, B., Rowe, D., Sistani, K. and Burnham, D. (2001). [v1] Threonine and crude protein responses in broiler chicks. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 94: 57-64.
Kidd, M., Barber, S., Virden, W., Dozier, W., Chamblee, D. and Wiernusz, C. (2003). Threonine responses of Cobb male finishing broilers in differing environmental conditions. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 12: 115-123.
Lemme, A. (2003). Reassessing amino acid levels for Pekin ducks-today's meat-type ducks have higher essential amino acid requirements than we thought. Poultry International, 42: 18-25.
Martinez-Amezcua, C., Laparra-Vega, J., Avila-Gonzalez, E., Fuente, F., Jinez, T. and Kidd, M. (1999). Dietary L-threonine responses in laying hens. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 8: 236-241.
Mohammadi Gheisar, M., Foroudi, F. and Ghazikhani, A. (2011) Effect of using L-threonine and reducing dietary levels of crude protein on egg production in layers. Journal of Applied Animal Science, 1:65-68.
Parsons, C. M. (1992). Application of the concept of amino acid availability in practical feed formulation. Paper presented at the Proceeding International Technical Symposium.
Peng L, Yu-Long Y, Defa L, Kim WS, Guoyao W.( 2007). Amino acids and immune function. Brit. J. Nutr.; 23:579-611. Robbins, K. R., A. M. Saxton and L. L. Southerrn. (2006).Estimation of nutrient requirments using broken-line regression analysis. Journal Of Animal Science,84:E155.
SAS. 2004. Statistical Analysis Systems user's guide (9.1 ed.). SAS Institute Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Shan, A., Sterling, K., Pesti, G., Bakalli, R., Driver, J. and Atencio, T. (2002). The influence of temperature on the threonine requirement of young broiler chicks. Poultry Science Association. 91st Annual Meeting Abstracts, August: 11-14.
Stoll, B., Henry, J., Reeds, P.J., Yu, H., Jahoor, F. and Burrin, D.G. (1998). Catabolism dominates the first-pass intestinal metabolism of dietary essential amino acids in milk protein-fed piglets. Journal of nutrition, 128: 606-614.
Tenenhouse, H. S. and Deutsch, H. (1966). Some physical-chemical properties of chicken γ-globulins and their pepsin and papain digestion products. Immunochemistry, 3: 11-20.
Veldkamp, T., Ferket, P., Kwakkel, R., Nixey, C. and Noordhuizen, J. (2000). Interaction between ambient temperature and supplementation of synthetic amino acids on performance and carcass parameters in commercial male turkeys. Poultry Science, 79: 1472-1477.          
 
Animal Sciences Journal
Volume 30, Issue 114
June 2017
Pages 3-10

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics