E. Bahreini; M. Bojarpour; A. Hoseini; S. Salari; H. Roshanfekr
Abstract
To investigation the effect of different levels of the threonine amino acid on performance and immune response of Arian strain broiler chickens in the first period (1 to 21 days), an experiment was conducted by using 600 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments, 5 replications ...
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To investigation the effect of different levels of the threonine amino acid on performance and immune response of Arian strain broiler chickens in the first period (1 to 21 days), an experiment was conducted by using 600 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments, 5 replications and 30 birds per each experimental unit (rep). Experimental treatments were consisting of 0.66, 0.76, 0.86, 0.96, 1.06 and 1.16 percent of threonine amino acid. To prevent the inhibitory effects of other amino acids, amino acids levels were adjusted higher than the recommendations. Factors measured were including daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and immune response. The results showed that yield and immune response in a non-linear responded to increased levels of threonine. So that the daily gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and immunoglobulin M showed a significant difference (p<0.05). On the other hand, the response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and immunoglobulin G were not statistically significant (p>0.05).
sima savar sofla; Sh. Varkohi; A. Karkhaneh
Abstract
In this research estimation of genetic parameters for milk production trait was performed by using 27065 test day records of first parity of Holstein cows in Kermanshah province. The collected records were including 3123 cows in 22 herds that were calved from 1991 to 2013. Number of lactation days and ...
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In this research estimation of genetic parameters for milk production trait was performed by using 27065 test day records of first parity of Holstein cows in Kermanshah province. The collected records were including 3123 cows in 22 herds that were calved from 1991 to 2013. Number of lactation days and calving age were limited to 5-305 days and 21-48 months, respectively. Test day milk records were analyzed by using a random regression model. The effects of additive genetic and permanent environment for production curve during lactation period were fitted using Legendre polynomials by GIBBS2F90 software. Results showed that the effects of herd, year and date of recording; age of calving; season and year of calving and days in milk were significant (p<0.01). The highest and lowest heritability estimates were in 10th (0.31) and first months (0.13) of lactation, respectively. Additive genetic correlations for milk test day records were estimated in the range of 0.562 to 0.996. The genetic correlations between different months of lactation depend on the distance between them, so that they were decreased by increasing distance between months of lactation. Due to higher heritability of milk production in the second period of lactation, it is suggested for the evaluation of animals to use the records from this period.
sonia zakizadeh; Majid Jafari; Alireza Forughi
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the genetic resistance of different sheep breeds against coccidiosis, as well as, parasitic effects of chemical medicines and tannins on its treatment. Thirty-six single replacement ram lambs belonged to the ewes at the 2nd parity from Baluchi, Iran Black and Arman breeds, ...
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This study aimed to investigate the genetic resistance of different sheep breeds against coccidiosis, as well as, parasitic effects of chemical medicines and tannins on its treatment. Thirty-six single replacement ram lambs belonged to the ewes at the 2nd parity from Baluchi, Iran Black and Arman breeds, at the age of 8-9 month and average weight of 30±6(Kg) were selected and examined for 60 days. This study was conducted in a 2×3 factorial completely random designed with 6 treatments and replicates. Feeding was based on standards of Iran’s organic ISO11000 and diets were balanced according to NRC1985. On the 10th day of this experiment for 3 days, commercial tannin was added to the first diet at a rate of 1.6 g/Kg of body weight, as well as, 5 g of anti-coccidiosis medicine amprolium200 per each 20 kg for the second diet. Serum protein and albumin, hemoglobin and PCV blood, as well as, fecal OPG levels was recorded. There was no mortality during the experiment. The results showed the amount of fecal OPG were affected by time duration and medicine, so that, medicine had much effect rather than tannin type (P<0.01). Although time series were significant, none of parameters affected by breed(P<0.01). This study shows there is no significant effect among different breeds regarding to genetic resistance. On the other hand, regarding to the effect of tannin on reducing the amount of Eimeria and level of contamination, it can be considered as a substitution for chemical medicine in organic rearing systems.
Abbas Farshad; Amjad Farzinpour; Shahou Mahmoudi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of α- linolenic and linoleic fatty acids, trehalose and sucrose on quality of Markhoz goat frozen-thawed sperm cells. Semen was collected from 4 mature goats using an artificial vagina, evaluated, pooled and divided into 11 aliquots and extended ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of α- linolenic and linoleic fatty acids, trehalose and sucrose on quality of Markhoz goat frozen-thawed sperm cells. Semen was collected from 4 mature goats using an artificial vagina, evaluated, pooled and divided into 11 aliquots and extended 1:10 with basic tris diluent containing different fatty acids. The motility, progressive motility, viability, acrosome and membrane integrity of frozen spermatozoa have been evaluated after thawing. The results indicated that α- linolenic was significantly the best diluent, while the linoleic acid decreased significantly the quality of spermatozoa, except membrane integrity. Moreover, the use of trehalose and sucrose in diluents decreased significantly the sperm cells characteristics. In addition, the result presented that α- linolenic acid in combination with trehalose improved significantly the rate of acrosome and membrane integrity, but decreased the motility and progressive motility of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Moreover, the treatments containing all antioxidants and diluents containing linoleic acid and sugars decreased significantly the rate of assessed parameters. In conclusion, the results in this study indicated that using of 20 mg α-linolenic acid in diluent alone and in combination with trehalose can be suitable for cryopreservation of Markhoz goat sperm cells.
P. Mohammadi; S. Tabatabaei Vakili; M. Mamouei
Abstract
The sperm cell membrane is susceptible to irreparable damages due to an increase in reactive oxygen species by process and storage.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and selenium antioxidants on the spermatozoa quality of Arabian ram at different times of semen storage under ...
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The sperm cell membrane is susceptible to irreparable damages due to an increase in reactive oxygen species by process and storage.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and selenium antioxidants on the spermatozoa quality of Arabian ram at different times of semen storage under liquid condition.For this purpose, semen collected weakly(Two days a week)from 8 rams in breeding season under the same nutrition and management conditions. All semen samples were mixed immediately and diluted. This experiment was carried out in factorial arrangement with the use of completely randomized design. Treatments were included the different levels of vitamin E(0, 30 and 60 μg/ml),selenium(0, 2 and 4 μg/ml) and semen storage times(0, 2, 4 and 8 hours)Under 4 ° C.The effect of treatments on spermatozoa quality included the progressive motility, viability and morphological defects during various times were assessed. Based on Duncan test, the spermatozoa motility, viability and morphological defect rates were not improved by levels of vitamin E and selenium during semen storage in liquid condition. Evaluation the interaction effect of vitamin E and selenium on spermatozoa quality showed that the vitamin E in 60 μg/ml and both levels of the selenium without vitamin, caused the increase of semen quality than control group(P< 0.001).In treatments there were both vitamin E and selenium, significantly reduced spermatozoa quality compared with the control group(P<0.001).Therefore, the use of vitamin E(60 μg/ml) and selenium(2 μg/ml), antioxidants separately in tris extender and egg yolk improved the semen quality of Arabian ram
M. Haghighat; H. R. Khodaee
Abstract
In current study the effects of different levels of niacin ( at the fixed level of the tryptophan amino acid in hy-line w36 pullet on performance and immune system in Grower (7-12 wks) of age in an industrial farm with a capacity of 100 thousand pieces were carried out. Treatments included: 1 niacin ...
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In current study the effects of different levels of niacin ( at the fixed level of the tryptophan amino acid in hy-line w36 pullet on performance and immune system in Grower (7-12 wks) of age in an industrial farm with a capacity of 100 thousand pieces were carried out. Treatments included: 1 niacin level 5% less than the standard recommendation. 2, 3 and 4, Niacin level equal to standard recommendation, 5 and 10% higher than the standard levels respectively. Experiment was done in a completely randomized design in which every treatment included 3 replicates with 8334 pullets in each replicate. Feed intake and body weight gain were measured every two weeks for calculate the conversion ratio. At the beginning and end of test, in each replicate, blood collected to measure antibody again Newcastle disease. The results showed that treatment effects on feed intake were significant (P<0.05) and niacin levels 5 and 10% higher than the standard recommendation level significantly reduced feed intake, although the effects of treatments on feed conversion ratio were not significant (P>0.05). The highest and lowest antibody titer of Newcastle disease were observed in treatments 3 and 1 respectively (P<0.05). The results of this study have shown adding niacin to pullets grown on the bed during Grower can improve performance and enhance the antibody titer of Newcastle disease.
Hossein Moradgholi; Gholam Reza Dashab; Mehdi Vafa Valleh
Abstract
Sistani beef cattle is a native breed of east of Iran that as a valuable genetic resource in the tropical area could be good a candidate to produce high quantity of muscular carcass portions with high efficiency. In order to explore the Mitochondrial transcription factor ...
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Sistani beef cattle is a native breed of east of Iran that as a valuable genetic resource in the tropical area could be good a candidate to produce high quantity of muscular carcass portions with high efficiency. In order to explore the Mitochondrial transcription factor A gene (TFAM) polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP, 150 Sistani cows were randomly selected and then blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of each animal individually. Thereafter, blood samples were salting-out and electrophoresed with 1% agarose gel. The position of the TFAM promoter region amplified by PCR and PCR products with 801bp length were sliced by BsuRI enzyme. Digestion products on 3% agarose gel were shown by electrophoresis and staining with ethidium bromide. The patterns of digestion in AA homozygotes, CC homozygotes, and AC heterozygotes were as follows: three bands with 152, 187, and 462bp; four bands with 83, 104, 152, and 462bp; and five bands with 83, 104, 152, 187, and 462bp, respectively. The results showed that the position of TFAM population deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P <0.05). Shannon index (I), Nei index, observed heterozygosity, and expected heterozygosity were 0.69, 0.49, 0.37, and 0.50, respectively. In conclusion, no significant differences between genotypes of Sistani cattle were observed for TFAM gene polymorphism and growth traits.
R. Rajabi Aliabadi; Reza Tahmasbi; O. Dayani; A. Khezri
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of feeding ensiled alfalfa with wasted date on digestibility and ruminal parameters in Kermani sheep. Four rams (47 ± 2 kg BW) were used in a 4×4 latin square design. Each experimental period consisted 21-days. For ensiling, fresh alfalfa with ...
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This study was designed to evaluate the effect of feeding ensiled alfalfa with wasted date on digestibility and ruminal parameters in Kermani sheep. Four rams (47 ± 2 kg BW) were used in a 4×4 latin square design. Each experimental period consisted 21-days. For ensiling, fresh alfalfa with different levels of wasted date (0, 5, 10 and 15 percent) were mixed together and ensiled in 40 L container for 45 days. Chemical composition of silages were determined and used in experimental diets as: 1) control diet (alfalfa silage without wasted date); 2) alfalfa with 5% wasted date silage; 3) alfalfa with 10% wasted date silage and 4) alfalfa with 15% wasted date silage. The results showed that adding wasted date to alfalfa on ensiling, improved silage quality and increased DM and energy content of silages (P<0.05) but decreased ash and NDF (P <0.05). Also, increasing level of wasted date in diets had significant effect on DM and NDF digestibility and reduced NH3-N significantly (P<0.05). The highest and lowest DM digestibility were achieved when animal fed control diet and alfalfa with 5% wasted date silage, respectively. Feeding alfalfa silage with 15% wasted date decreased rumen NH3-N significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion, using wasted date improved the quality of alfalfa silage and because of reducing rumen ammonia concentration can have a positive effect ammonia excretion to the environment.
Ali Emami; M. Ganj Khanlo; L. Rashidi; M. Zahedifar; M. Sharifi
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of feeding synthetic and natural antioxidants on performance and antioxidant status of fattening kids. Thirty-two Mahabadi goat kids (average initial BW of 16.5 ± 1.8 kg, 5-6 months) were randomly assigned to four experimental diets: 1, control., ...
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This study was carried out to determine the effects of feeding synthetic and natural antioxidants on performance and antioxidant status of fattening kids. Thirty-two Mahabadi goat kids (average initial BW of 16.5 ± 1.8 kg, 5-6 months) were randomly assigned to four experimental diets: 1, control., 2, containing 15% pomegranate seed pulp (PSP)., 3, containing 400 mg/kg DM vitamin E., and 4, containing 15% PSP + 400 mg/kg DM vitamin E. Animals were kept in individual pens with self-mangers for 84 d. Performance and dry matter intake were not affected by addition of PSP and vitamin E to diets (P>0.05). TBARS value measured in raw and cooked meat from kids fed control diet were higher than the kids fed diets contain PSP or vitamin E, and minimum level was in kids fed PSP + vitamin E diet (P< 0.05). Addition of PSP, vitamin E and PSP + vitamin E to the diet increased (P< 0.05) total antioxidant capacity and subsequently decreased (P<0.05) the malondialdehyde concentration in the plasma, LL muscle and liver compared to the control diet. The results of this study indicated that PSP offer a source of natural antioxidant that could be included in ruminant’s diet instead of synthetic antioxidants.
Jamshid Ehsaminia; Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh; A. Shadparvar
Abstract
The objective of this research was to study the heterogeneity of variance components for protein yield from the first three lactations of Iranian Holstein cows which collected from 1983 to 2014 by the Animal Breeding Center and Promotion of Animal Products of Iran. Data set were 141670, 115395 and 82529 ...
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The objective of this research was to study the heterogeneity of variance components for protein yield from the first three lactations of Iranian Holstein cows which collected from 1983 to 2014 by the Animal Breeding Center and Promotion of Animal Products of Iran. Data set were 141670, 115395 and 82529 records in the first, second and third lactations. Data were classified into three categories of Mediteranean, Dry desert and Humid using Domarten method. The heterogeneity of variances was studied using the Bartlett’s test. The results of Bartlett’s test before data transformation in the first three lactations were significant (P<0.0001) which indicated the heterogeneity of variance in all three climatical regions. In order to reduce or removing the heterogeneity of variances, transformation methods of Logarithmic, Square root and Box-Cox were used which the Square root transformation method caused homogenous variance for protein yield in the third lactation. Genetic parameters, heritability and variance components were estimated by VCE software. The model was included additive genetic effects of animal, herd-year-season and age at calving. Heritability estimates varied from 0.15 to 0.19 and 0.12-0.20 for untransformed and transformed data, respectively. Square root transformation method caused 6.88 and 42.66% of top sires and dams excluded from the usual list, respectively. The results of this study indicated that variance components of milk protein yield in Holstein cows are heterogeneous. Therefore, it is suggested effects of heterogeneity of variance should be considered during genetic evaluation and selection of superior sires and dams.
Hamid Jahani; Mozhgan Mazhari; Nemat Ziaiee; Rouhollah Mirmahmoudi
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary dianthus extract, virginiamycin and Protexin probiotic on the growth performance, blood metabolites, microbial community and small intestine histopathology of male broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. A total of 240 Ross male broilers ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary dianthus extract, virginiamycin and Protexin probiotic on the growth performance, blood metabolites, microbial community and small intestine histopathology of male broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. A total of 240 Ross male broilers were randomly distributed to 40 experimental units and 6 dietary treatments (4 replicates with 10 birds in each).Treatments were included control (basal diet), basal diet+Virginiamycin antibiotic, basal diet+ Protexin probiotic, basal diet + 100 mg dianthus extract, basal diet + 300 mg dianthus extract and basal diet + 450 mg dianthus extract per kg of diet.The result showed that the average body weight gain of broilers fed with Virginiamycin, Protexin,150 and 300 mg dianthus extract was significantly more and feed conversion ratio was less than control group in all periods (P<0.05). The relative weights of carcass, breast and leg were improved by all treatments except for 450 mg dianthus extract. The relative weights of liver, Bursa and spleen were increased by all treatments. The serum concentration of cholesterol and LDL were decreased by Protexin and all levels of dianthus extract. All treatments increased Lactobacillus bacteria and decreased Escherichia coli bacteria except Virginiamycin treatment. Villus height and width increased and crypt depth decreased by all supplementation. All treatment groups increased blood lymphocyte, decreased heterophile and improved heterophile to lymphocyte ratio. Based on these results, Protexin and dianthus extract up to 300 mg/kg of diet may be good replacement for antibiotic to improve broiler performance and immunity.
Navab Ghobadi; H. R. Hemati Matin
Abstract
The effect of In Ovo Injection (IOI) of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and vitamin D (VitD) was studied on hatchability, post-hatch bone characteristics, and broiler chicks performance in two experiments. In first experiment, the 1080 fertilized eggs (Ross strain) were randomly distributed into 9 groups. ...
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The effect of In Ovo Injection (IOI) of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and vitamin D (VitD) was studied on hatchability, post-hatch bone characteristics, and broiler chicks performance in two experiments. In first experiment, the 1080 fertilized eggs (Ross strain) were randomly distributed into 9 groups. Treatments were 1- positive control (injection of physiologic serum) 2- negative control (without injection of solution), 3- injection of Ca solution, 4- injection of P solution, 5- injection of VitD solution, 6- injection of Ca×P, 7- injection of Ca×VitD, 8- injection of P×VitD solution, 9- injection of Ca×P×VitD. After hatched, 80 chicks of each experimental group were selected and in reared under completely randomized designed (4 replicate of with 20 birds) for 6 weeks. The hatchability percentage increased by IOI of Ca×P×VitD (P<0.05). The alkaline phosphatase activity of broiler chicks was greater by IOI of Ca×P×VitD at 1 and 42 days of age rather other treatments (P<0.05). The bone breaking strength of broiler chicks increased by IOI of Ca×P, Ca×VitD, and Ca×P×VitD at 1 and 42 days of age rather other treatments (P<0.05). Bone Ca concentration of broiler chickens increased by IOI of Ca×VitD and Ca×P×VitD at d 1 and 21 in compared with other treatments (P<0.05). The obtained results suggest that IOI of Ca, P, and VitD /egg on 1-d of incubation could accelerate growth and maturation of bone cells, however, IOI of combination of nutrients are effectiveness rather individual.
Mahmood Sahraei; H. Lofollahiyan; A. Ghanbari; R. Karami; S. A. Hoseini; A. Abarghani; M. Bohlouli
Abstract
For evaluating the broiler farm management indexes at Ardabil province, were used of questionnaires filling method in 71 active raising broiler chicken farms. Selecting of mentioned units was done based on stratified random sampling method using proportional allocation technique. Higher and lower percentge ...
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For evaluating the broiler farm management indexes at Ardabil province, were used of questionnaires filling method in 71 active raising broiler chicken farms. Selecting of mentioned units was done based on stratified random sampling method using proportional allocation technique. Higher and lower percentge of broiler farms located in cities of Ardabil and Bilesuar, respectively. The mean duration of broiler breeding, feed conversion ratio, productive efficiency index, final weight and mortality were 49.20 days, 2.17, 243.08, 2.72 kg and 5.42 percent, respectively. More than half of broiler farms (55.20%) in the current study were used of diets in mash form and more than third (27.60%) of them used of the mash and pellet (crumble form in first week of breeding period). Most broiler farms in this study were used of 3 to 4 diets during rearing addressing. The 32.75 percentage of broiler farms were used of diets with energy to crude protein ratio based on manual guide book standard(often Ross308), 20.72 percent of more than the standard and 46.55 percent of lower than standard. The highest production efficiency index was seen in the group that fed diets with standard energy to crude protein ratio and the lowest was observed in the group has a lower of energy to crude protein ratio (p=0.0014). During the period of production, slaughter weight, feed conversion ratio and mortality percent had significant effect on production efficiency index. Therefore, for achieving suitable performance in broiler chicken raising, pay attention to nutrition management should be first.
alireza barsalani; Vahid Rezaeipour
Abstract
An experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of different dietary protein and sesame meal levels supplemented with phytase on performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics in Japanese quail.A number of360 day old mix-sexed Japanese quail were divided among 36 units. A completely randomized ...
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An experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of different dietary protein and sesame meal levels supplemented with phytase on performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics in Japanese quail.A number of360 day old mix-sexed Japanese quail were divided among 36 units. A completely randomized design with factorial design 2×3×2 inclusive consists of two levels of dietary protein (24 and 20%), sesame meal levels (0, 12 and 24%) with and without of phytase with 12 treatments and 3 replicates and 120 chicks per treatment was employedat the age of 8 to 42 days. Reducing dietary protein level was significantly improved protein efficiency ratio, reduced feed intake but uric acid levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). Sesame meal consumption resulted in reduced feed intake and feed conversion ratio and lower blood cholesterol (P<0.05).Inclusion of phytase to the diets had no significant effect on performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics. According to the results of present study formulating of quail dietswithlow level of protein and using of sesame meal up to 24% could improve performance and carcass traits without any negative effects on physiological characteristics. In addition, this type of diets improved serum biochemical metabolite concentrations such as uric acid and cholesterol.
Mohammad Hossein Banabazi; Ardeshir Nejati Javaremi; Ikhide Imumorin; Mostafa Ghaderi Zefrei
Abstract
In recent years, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) has been the most important and efficient tool in animal breeding. Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Genome-enabled predictions (genomic selection) are two major applications of SNPs in animal genetics and breeding that both relay on genotyping ...
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In recent years, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) has been the most important and efficient tool in animal breeding. Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Genome-enabled predictions (genomic selection) are two major applications of SNPs in animal genetics and breeding that both relay on genotyping a lot of SNPs. Some high dense (HD) SNP arrays have been applied particularly in dairy cattle for this purpose. Since transcriptome is resulted only from transcription of coding genomic regions and finally expressed into a protein, the SNPs located on transcriptome may estimate breeding values well. Based on this hypothesis, SNP discovery was done on a transcriptome assembled from aligning and mapping of RNA-Seq reads on bovine reference genome for an US Holstein cow population by samtools package. Then, the contribution of the discovered SNPs in explanation of genetic variance for Residual Feed Intake (RFI) trait in Australian Holstein was evaluated based on variance components analysis. It was discovered 53478 SNPs that the most weren’t on the current Illumina bovine SNP arrays. Only 6336 discovered SNPs were shared with Illumina bovine HD array. This reduced SNP panel was low dense and therefore could not capture genetic variance of RFI larger than Illumina bovine high dense SNP Chip. It's suggested to applying the discovered SNPs on transcritome in genomic predictions based on whole genome sequencing with no limitations for the number of shred loci with the current Illumina SNP arrays.
A. R. Shahdadi; D. A. Saghi
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic, phenotypic and environmental trends for body weight traits at different ages in Kourdi sheep. Thus, the records of growth traits from 5144 lambs (from 161 rams and 1982 ewes) were used. The studied traits were birth weight (5069 records), 3-month ...
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The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic, phenotypic and environmental trends for body weight traits at different ages in Kourdi sheep. Thus, the records of growth traits from 5144 lambs (from 161 rams and 1982 ewes) were used. The studied traits were birth weight (5069 records), 3-month weight (3968 records), 6-month weight (3519 records), 9-month weight (2840 records) and 12-month weight (2595 records) that collected from 1996 to 2013 in Kordi Breeding Station in Shirvan city of northern Khorasan province. Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated applying restricted maximum likelihood method fitting six animal models using WOMBAT. The most appropriate model for each trait was determined based on likelihood values. Breeding values were estimated via mixed model equations by the best model for univariate analysis. Genetic, phenotypic and environmental trends were calculated by regression of means of predicted breeding values, phenotypic means and difference between estimated means of breeding values and phenotypic means on birth year for each trait, respectively. Direct heritability estimates for birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 month weights were 0.10±0.03, 0.28±0.03, 0.32±0.04, 0.22±0.03 and 0.20±0.04, respectively. Direct genetic trends for birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 month weights were 4.13±0.25, 117.01±5.91, 148.24±5.78, 110.01±5.83 and 122.21±6.89 g per year, respectively. The phenotypic trends for these traits were -7.47, -126.32, -490.21, -493.69 and -599.48 g per year, respectively.
A. R. Aghashahi; E. Kordnejad; H. Fazaeli
Abstract
Abstract: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dry matter levels, urea and molasses on silage characteristics of mixture of sugar beet top (SBT) and sugar cane bagasse (SCB). A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement was conducted to evaluate the effect of three levels ...
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Abstract: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dry matter levels, urea and molasses on silage characteristics of mixture of sugar beet top (SBT) and sugar cane bagasse (SCB). A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement was conducted to evaluate the effect of three levels of dry matter (25, 35 and 45 percent) three levels of urea (0, 1 and 2 percent) and three levels of molasses (0, 5 and 10 percent) on silage characteristics of sugar beet tops (including leaves and crown) and sugar cane bagasse. The silages were prepared in experimental scale. After two months of ensiling, the silos were opened and evaluated for dry matter, pH, color, smell and physical texture. Results showed that the increasing of dry matter content from 25 to 35 percent, improved the indices of color and smell score. The pH value was decreased by Increasing the level of molasses in silages, where opposite trend was observed by increasing the level of urea. It is concluded that addition of one percent urea and 10 percent molasses to the mixed SBT and SCB with 35 percent DM could resulted in good silage.
Morteza Rezaee; Mojtaba Zahedifar; Ali Mostafa Tehrani; Hossein Gholami
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Natuzyme plus multi enzyme at different inclusions on fermentibility, degradability and digestibility of alfalfa hay. The treatments consisted of 1) control group, 2)0.5 g enzyme per Kg of alfalfa hay and 3) 0.75 g enzyme per Kg of alfalfa hay. ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Natuzyme plus multi enzyme at different inclusions on fermentibility, degradability and digestibility of alfalfa hay. The treatments consisted of 1) control group, 2)0.5 g enzyme per Kg of alfalfa hay and 3) 0.75 g enzyme per Kg of alfalfa hay. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used for analyzing data. In Vitro gas production and In Situ nylon bag techniques were used for measuring of fermentibility and degradability. Three fistulated cows (mature Taleshi steers) were used for degradability measurement of DM, NDF and ADF. Digestibility of alfalfa hay was performed by total collection of feces method on 4 heads of Shal mature ram. No significant difference was obtained in gas test results. The effect of enzyme levels on degradability of DM, NDF and ADF at all incubation times were significantly different (p<0.05).The digestibility of DM, OM, NDF and ADF in 0.75 g/Kg of alfalfa hay group were higher than other treatments significantly (p<0.05). Results of this research indicated that using 0.75 g/Kg DM Enzyme significantly improved in situ degradability and in vivo digestibility of alfalfa hay.
Ayoub Azizi; Tahereh Mohammadabadi; Hosein Motamedi; Morteza Chaji; Hasan Fazaeli
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of transferring bacteria Bacillus licheniformis, Ochrobactrum intermedium and Mycobacterium paludicola, with degrading lignin and lignocellulose potential isolated from termite gut to the rumen liquor, on in vitro gas production parameters and digestibility ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of transferring bacteria Bacillus licheniformis, Ochrobactrum intermedium and Mycobacterium paludicola, with degrading lignin and lignocellulose potential isolated from termite gut to the rumen liquor, on in vitro gas production parameters and digestibility of nutrients in wheat straw and date leaves as a substrate. Each substrate was incubated with rumen liquor that was inoculated with each of the isolated bacteria using completely randomized design, and compared with control treatment (rumen liquor without inoculation). In both substrates, gas parameters, ruminal dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility, estimated metabolizable energy, partitioning factor, pH and two step digestibility of DM, OM, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were similar (P>0.05) between the experimental treatments. Inoculation of isolated bacteria to the rumen liquor in both substrates significantly increased (P<0.05) ammonia nitrogen concentration in compared to control treatment. In both substrates, highest and lowest ammonia nitrogen was observed in treatment inoculated with Ochrobactrum and control treatment, respectively. Results of the present study indicated that inoculation of lignocellulosic degrading bacteria isolated from termite gut to rumen liquor did not improve in vitro gas production parameters and nutrient digestibility of wheat straw and date leaves. However, they increased ammonia nitrogen concentration.
H. Dashtban; N. Afzali; Seyyed Javad Hosseini-vashan; H. Sarir
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fruit powder Prosopis farcta on performance, carcass traits, blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant and immune system of broilers under heat stress. The number of 250 male Ross 308 one-day chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fruit powder Prosopis farcta on performance, carcass traits, blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant and immune system of broilers under heat stress. The number of 250 male Ross 308 one-day chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 5 replicates per and 10 chicks each was used. The treatments were negative control (non-stress), positive control (stress) and three levels of 1, 3and 5 percent fruit powder Prosopis farcta. The heat stress schedule were done for last two weeks of experiment in a room temperature that was increased to 38 ±2°C during the for 6 hours per day. The results showed that the addition of dried fruit Prosopis farcta in broilers under stress significantly reduced body weight, food consumption, energy efficiency, and protein production index and feed conversion ratio was also significantly increased. The treatments had a significant effect on carcass yield, pancreas, gall bladder and liver. However, the relative weight of the breast, thigh and the relative length of the intestine markedly affected by treatments and increased compared with the control. Cholesterol, glucose, LDL, AST, ALT, LDH and MDA levels were significantly decreased with the addition of dried fruit Prosopis farcta under heat stress condition but the concentration of HDL, total protein and albumin did not significantly change. The antibody titer against SRBC was increased with increasing the levels of Prosopis farcta.
A. D. Foroozandeh; Pirouz Shakeri
Abstract
This trial was performed to determine the effects of alfalfa hay, sodium bicarbonate and their combination in the starter diet on performance, blood metabolites, digestibility of nutrients, fecal score and body structure in Holstein dairy calves. Individually housed calves (n=40, body weight=42.6±2.2 ...
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This trial was performed to determine the effects of alfalfa hay, sodium bicarbonate and their combination in the starter diet on performance, blood metabolites, digestibility of nutrients, fecal score and body structure in Holstein dairy calves. Individually housed calves (n=40, body weight=42.6±2.2 kg), 10 days after birth, were used in a completely randomized design (n=10 calves per treatment: 5 males and 5 females) and fed by one of the following four treatments: 1-Starter concentrate(Control), 2-Starter concentrate+15% alfalfa hay(SA) 3-Starter concentrate+1% sodium bicarbonate(SS) and 4-Starter concentrate+15% alfalfa hay+1% sodium bicarbonate (SAS) for 60 days. The calves had ad-libitum access to water and experimental starter diets and received 4 kg/d milk in the whole experimental period. The results showed that the calves used SAS diets had lowest final body weight (p<0.05) and average daily gain (P<0.02) than those fed other diets, while the dry matter intake was not affected by different diets. The calves fed SA diet had the lowest (p<0.05) feed efficiency and was lower than those fed SAS diet (p<0.05). The fecal score, blood metabolites and body structure were not affected by different diets. Calves fed SA diet had lower (P=0.02) digestibility of DM compared with those fed control diet, while the digestibility of OM, CP and NDF did not differ across treatments. In conclusion, the use of alfalfa hay up to 15% in starter diet can improve feed efficiency, but supplementation of starter diet with 1% sodium bicarbonate had no beneficial effect on growth performance of dairy calves.
A. M. Hooshmandi; Mohammad Bojarpour; Akbar Yaghobfar; Somayeh sallary; Hasan Rokni
Abstract
A 3*2*2 factorial experiment with a completely randomized design in 12 treatments, 3 replicates and 27 chickens in each replicates was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical form, barley variety and enzyme addition on growth performance; carcass characteristics and immune system response of broiler ...
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A 3*2*2 factorial experiment with a completely randomized design in 12 treatments, 3 replicates and 27 chickens in each replicates was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical form, barley variety and enzyme addition on growth performance; carcass characteristics and immune system response of broiler chickens with use of 927 one day of old Ross 308 broiler chickens. .Main effects and levels of Factors were barley varity (Fajr, Reyhaneh, and Yosef), diet form (mash or pellet) and enzyme level (0 and 0/05 g/kg dry matter).Results showed that feed intake and growth rate are affected by main effects and interaction effects over the entire raising period (P < 0.05). Main effects (Even though, variety) and interaction effects, affect production efficiency index (PEI). Pelleting of diets and utilizing enzyme significantly improved yield, increased abdominal fat and decreased relative weight of liver and gall (P < 0.05). antibody titers in response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and IgM no affected by main and interaction effects (P>0.05) but increased levels of IgG with the addition of enzymes to the diet(P <0/05). According to this result, the use of pellet diet containing Ryhaneh variety with enzyme recommended in poultry nutrition.
Hossein Emrani; R. Vaez Torshizi; Ali akbar Masoudi; Ali reza Ehsani
Abstract
Understanding the genetic control of growth traits is one of the most important breeding goals in poultry breeding. In order to estimate the genomic heritability of growth traits, we used Illumnia 60K chicken SNP Beadchip in a chicken F2 resource population derived from the reciprocal cross between Arian ...
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Understanding the genetic control of growth traits is one of the most important breeding goals in poultry breeding. In order to estimate the genomic heritability of growth traits, we used Illumnia 60K chicken SNP Beadchip in a chicken F2 resource population derived from the reciprocal cross between Arian line and Azerbaijan indigenous chicken. The genomic heritability was estimated through genomic relationship matrix for body weights and Shank lengths at different ages 1,3,5,7 and 9 weeks. To investigate the relationship between allele frequency and genomic heritability estimated for BW7 explained by markers, SNPs were classified into five groups of MAF (0 – 0.1, 0.1 –0.2, 0.2– 0.3, 0.3–0.4 and 0.4–0.5). To estimate the genomic heritability, five models were fitted accounting for the similarity relationship matrix within each of the five MAF groups, respectively. The genomic heritability estimations ranged from 0.43 to 0.27 for bw1 and bw9, and from 0.46 to 0.12 for Shl1 and Shl9, respectively. The estimated genomic correlations between BW and ShL at different ages were moderately high. Estimated heritabilities were 0.15, 0.3, 0.17, 0.26 and 0.27 for each of the five MAF groups, respectively. Interestingly, heritability estimates revealed highest value for MAF group (0. 1 to 0. 2). Genomic heritability estimated here can contribute to a better understanding of the genetic control of growth traits in broiler chickens. In addition, using these findings can accelerate the genetic progress in the breeding programs.
homa arak; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi; Shaban Rahimi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the efficiency of savory essential oil and a commercial mycotoxin binder total of 120 breeder quail at 51 d of age were studied in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications (a male and four females) as follows:1- Negative control, 2- Positive control-fed ...
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In order to evaluate the efficiency of savory essential oil and a commercial mycotoxin binder total of 120 breeder quail at 51 d of age were studied in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications (a male and four females) as follows:1- Negative control, 2- Positive control-fed diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (2.5 ppm), 3- Contaminated feed + 300 ppm savory essential oil 4- Contaminated feed + 600 ppm savory essential oils 5- Contaminated feed + 900 ppm savory essential oils 6- Contaminated feed + 2.5 g per kg commercial mycotoxin binder. The experimental period was 6 wks and the performance of progeny hatched from 1, 2 and 3 experimental groups was evaluated during 5 wks. Results showed a significant effect of treatments on the relative weight of the ovary, testis, foam gland size and the volume of foam produced in males)p≤ 0.01). Fertility and hatchability rate of eggs were significantly affected by the experimental treatments (p≤0.05). Evaluation of progeny performance of birds fed treatments showed significant effect on feed conversion ratio. The results show that the use of essential oil of savory at 300 ppm and commercial toxin binder (polysorb) can improve reproductive performance in quails fed aflatoxin B1.
