J. Moatamedi; H. Solaly
Abstract
Determining the diet selection of the animals grazing on the rangeland is one of the crucial necessities of animal management in different climatic regions. The present study was carried out with the aim of ascertaining Makuyi sheep diet selection on the mountainous rangelands of Kelid Daghi in Jolfa ...
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Determining the diet selection of the animals grazing on the rangeland is one of the crucial necessities of animal management in different climatic regions. The present study was carried out with the aim of ascertaining Makuyi sheep diet selection on the mountainous rangelands of Kelid Daghi in Jolfa which are representing the dispersion of Makuyi sheep in EastAzerbayjanProvince. At first, a herd of sheep with 300 animals including three mature (three-year-old) ewes was chosen and tagged. At the next stage, using video recordings, the time of grazing each plant species was confirmed, and subsequently, the values of the preference of the species at different times of the day during the grazing season were determined. The results indicated that animals’ food preference at the stages of the grazing season are forbs, shrubs, and grasses. During the time of experiment Carthamus oxyacantha, Tanacetum pinnatum, Silene aucheriana, Salvia hydrangea, Helichrysum rubicundum, Annual grasses (Bromus rubens, Bromus tectorum), Festuca ovina, Astragalus effuses and Galium verum species in order had the highest preference index. Their preference indices was ≥ 1.4 and they were considered as the Class I species. The preference index of Serratula coriacea, Centaurea virgata, Thymus kotschyanus, Astragalus onobrychis, Reseda aucheri, Centaurea xanthocephala and Noaea mucronata species were 0.7-1.3 that were considered as Class II plants. Acanthophyllum mucronatum, Artemisia sieberi, Agropyron tauri, Tucrium polium, Acantholimon atropanatum, Stipa barbata and Stachys inflataspecies had the lowest preference index (≤0.6) and were considered as the Class III plants. The results are indicative of the fact that the palatability of species would not be the same during grazing season corresponding to the change in the composition of species.
S. A. Hosseini; M. Sayaj; A. Zaree; H. Lofollahian; A. R. Aghashahi; M. R. Soleimani
Abstract
This project was conducted to grad Alborz province laying hen farms by Multiple Attribute Decision Making methods. So, these farms divided to two groups (less than 30,000 hens' in a farm capacity and higher capacity of 3000 hens' in a farm). These groups were consisted of 8 farms. All farms data were ...
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This project was conducted to grad Alborz province laying hen farms by Multiple Attribute Decision Making methods. So, these farms divided to two groups (less than 30,000 hens' in a farm capacity and higher capacity of 3000 hens' in a farm). These groups were consisted of 8 farms. All farms data were collected through a questionnaire. To grading, performance trails such as feed intake, egg mass production, mortality and cost was used. Multiple Attribute Decision Making SAW farms for grading methods were used. Farms with high capacity (more than 30,000 hen capacity) and low capacity (less than 30,000 hen capacity) were classified in 3 groups based on the rating very good (score above 90), good (score above 80) and average (score above 70). Finally, the grading system could create competition among farms, increase efficiency and reduce the costs of production. Key word: grading, Alborz province, laying hen farms, Multiple Attribute Decision Making System
A. Rezaee; ali esmaielzadeh
Abstract
As population grows and consequently the increase of application and the elevation of people`s lives, energy use has increased in poultry production industry. Regarding the importance of energy as an effective input in poultry, this research is done for efficiency analysis and index management of Broiler ...
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As population grows and consequently the increase of application and the elevation of people`s lives, energy use has increased in poultry production industry. Regarding the importance of energy as an effective input in poultry, this research is done for efficiency analysis and index management of Broiler production in Maku Free Zone. The required data are gathered by the questionnaire and interview in 21 units of poultry during November,December and January 2015 in incubation period. Energy efficiency is calculated using Data Envelopment Analysis by constant and variable return to scale model relating to scale for 5 energy inputs including chicks, seeds,fuel, electricity, labor and 2 outputs like chicken and manure. According to the constant return to scale model it is observed that considering 21 units of poultry, 13 poultries (61.9%) had efficiency scores and 8 poultries (38.1%) had non-efficiency scores. Also according to constant return to scale model, 15 units (7.42) were efficient and 6 units (28.57%) were non-efficient. In addition the highest and the lowest fuel consumption were for gasoline (66.2%) and labors (0.07%). Poultries were the most non-efficient in fuel consumption and were the least non-efficient in chick consumption. The non-efficient use of gasoline is because of the simultaneity of incubation time and cold season, incorrect use management especially in halls and consuming gasoline as a fuel for labors` houses.
M. Sofi Mohammadi; Hossein Moravej; M. Shivazad
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of three different fat powder sources on growth performance and carcass traits of male broiler chickens reared in cages with 4 floors to 42 d of age. 120-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to one of the six treatments with four replicates ...
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This study was conducted to determine the effects of three different fat powder sources on growth performance and carcass traits of male broiler chickens reared in cages with 4 floors to 42 d of age. 120-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to one of the six treatments with four replicates based on a randomized complete block design with a 3×2 factorial arrangement. The fat sources include fat powder with plant origin, pure palm and plant – animal mixed were used. Sources of phosphorus include di-calcium phosphate and phosphoric acid were used. Daily feed intake, Daily gain and feed conversion ratio not affected by the type of fat sources from 10 to 42 days (p>0.05). Two sources di-calcium phosphate and phosphoric acid in average daily feed intake, daily gain and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different (p>0.05). Daily feed intake, daily gain and feed conversion ratio was not affected by the interaction between sources of fat and source of phosphorus from 10 to 42 days (p>0.05). Dressing percentage, breast, thigh, abdominal fat and liver in birds fed the different sources fat powder was not significant (p>0.05). Compare treatments in terms of the cost of feed to one kilogram of live weight showed that diet containing fat powder with plant origin in the entire production period was more expensive than the other two sources. The results showed that, there is no significant difference between the different sources of fat powder on performance and carcass traits of birds (p>0.05
H. Khamisabadi; Gh. Pourhesabi
Abstract
This study was conducted to detemine the effects of combination of Peppermint (Mentha peppirata L) or Thymus (Thymus vulgaris L) extracts on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal micro flora. This study designed based on a factorial (3×3) completely randomized design using ...
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This study was conducted to detemine the effects of combination of Peppermint (Mentha peppirata L) or Thymus (Thymus vulgaris L) extracts on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal micro flora. This study designed based on a factorial (3×3) completely randomized design using 540 broiler chicken with 9 treatments, 3 replicate and 20 chickens per replicate. Experimental period considered to be 42 days and experimental diets were: control (without any supplement as basal diet), control with 0.1% Peppermint extract, 0.2% Peppermint extract, 0.1% Thymus extract, 0.2% Thymus extract, 0.1% Peppermint and 0.1% Thymus extracts, 0.1% Peppermint and 0.2% Thymus extracts, 0.2% Peppermint and 0.1% Thymus extracts, 0.2% Peppermint and 0.2% Thymus extracts respectively. Results showed that effects of Peppermint and/or Thymus extracts on feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ration were not significant (P<0.05). Also there were no significant effects of treatments on carcass characteristics (P<0.05). Effects of different levels of Peppermint and/or Thymus extracts on mortality was significant (P<0.05) and control had significantly higher mortality percentage. Pathogen bacteria (E. coli) only observed in the control group feces. Results showed that using Peppermint and Thymus extracts alone or in combination had no significant effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal micro flora of broiler chickens.
Sh. Mirzaie; Keyvan Karkoudi; Saeed Khalajzade
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determin the nutritive value of wheat, barley and corn using different processing methods and determination of nutritive value of protein using CNCPS method after milling, rolling, steam flacking or pelleting. In the processing cereals, the highest crude protein in )percentage ...
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The aim of this study was to determin the nutritive value of wheat, barley and corn using different processing methods and determination of nutritive value of protein using CNCPS method after milling, rolling, steam flacking or pelleting. In the processing cereals, the highest crude protein in )percentage of dry matter( belong to dry rolled wheat (14.2), rolled barley (12.6) and pelleted corn (9.5) respectively. The minimum amount of A part of protein belong to pelleted wheat (0.8) milled barley (0.5) and steam flacked corn (0.1) respectively. The maximum amount of B1 part of protein belong to pelleted wheat (6.5), dried roll barley (8.2) and pelleted corn (6.4) respectively. The maximum amount of B2 part belong to dried roll wheat (6.7), pelleted barley (4.4) and pelleted corn (2.5) respectively and maximum amount of B3 was belong to steam flacked wheat (0. 5), pelleted barley (0. 5) and pelleted corn (0.3) respectively. The minimum amount of C part in crude protein belong to milled wheat (0.01), milled barley (0.07) and dried roll corn (0.02) percentage of dry matter respectively. In general, considering the cost and the required equipments, in processing of wheat, barley and corn, steam flaking, pelleting and milling methods are proposed respectively.
V. Baradaran; Y. Ghodsi
Abstract
Improving productivity in poultry industries as one of the major sub-sectors of agriculture sector is important. Studying and comparing productivity indicators in different provinces of the country help to plan more accurate and enhance productivity. In this study, appropriate indicators to measure the ...
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Improving productivity in poultry industries as one of the major sub-sectors of agriculture sector is important. Studying and comparing productivity indicators in different provinces of the country help to plan more accurate and enhance productivity. In this study, appropriate indicators to measure the partial productivity (energy and raw materials) and total productivity factor in poultry farm production between 2000 and 2015 (sixteen years) are defined. Comparing measured indicators in sixteen years between Iran provinces is difficult. The exploratory factor analysis method is used to reduce dimensions of data and overcome the problem. Using factor analysis, data on productivity indicators for each province has been summarized in two factors in which the effect of time (years) has been removed. Clustering approach clusters provinces in terms of similarity productivity values. The results show, Bushehr, Zanjan, Sistan and Baloochestan and Kohkiluyeh and Boyerahmad provinces used the energy resources and Bushehr province mostly used the raw materials as well. Generally, Tehran province had the highest total productivity. At the end, we investigated the efficiency of each province in production of poultry products in clusters by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method.
Bahareh Taheri Dezfuli
Abstract
Triticale is a hybrid cereal derived from crossing wheat with rye. In areas where soil and water were as limiting factors for plant growth, the silage of triticale can be used as a substitute for corn silage. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of microbial additives on the morphological ...
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Triticale is a hybrid cereal derived from crossing wheat with rye. In areas where soil and water were as limiting factors for plant growth, the silage of triticale can be used as a substitute for corn silage. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of microbial additives on the morphological characteristics, chemical composition and gas test of triticale silage, in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were included of triticale silage without bacterial inoculation (control), triticale silage inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum and triticale silage inoculated with Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum. Dry matter, crude protein, pH, gas test, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, effluent and sensory test of silages were determined. The average of dry matter, crude protein, total nitrogen, the amount of effluent, morphological characteristics, the amount of gas production at the time of 96 hour and the parameters of gas production (B,C) showed no significant differences in all treatments (P>0.05). Also, the average of pH of silages which microbial additives were used in the preparation of them, were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Dry matter lesions in experimental group which inoculated with lactobacillus plantarum was significantly less than other experimental groups (P<0.05). It can be concluded that because of low dry matter waste and ammonia nitrogen, triticale silages with only Lactobacillus plantarum were better, compared with other silages.
T. Ghaznavi; Seyyed Javad Hosseini-vashan; N. Afzali; S. E. Ghiasi
Abstract
The aim of this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of processed pomegranate pulp with Hydroxide Calcium on performance egg quality and cholesterol, blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of laying hens in peak production of laying hens. A total 200 Hy-Line W-36 at peak production ...
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The aim of this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of processed pomegranate pulp with Hydroxide Calcium on performance egg quality and cholesterol, blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of laying hens in peak production of laying hens. A total 200 Hy-Line W-36 at peak production with 32 weeks. The dietary treatments were included the levels of 0, 4, 7 and 10 % of processed pomegranate pulp with Hydroxide Calcium. The performance data including egg percentage, feed intake, egg mass, and FCR were weekly recorded. The results were revealed that processed pomegranate pulp with Hydroxide Calcium(PPP) improved the egg percentage, feed intake, egg mass, and FCR. The egg quality parameters did not affected by dietary treatments with exception that Haugh unit increased in birds received the processed pomegranate pulp. The eggshell parameters involved eggshell weight and specific gravity had no affected by dietary treatments. The eggshell thickness and eggshell resistance was increased when hens fed diets contained PPP. The PPP diets decreased the egg cholesterol and blood cholesterol. The concentration of malondialdehyde decreased with enhancement of the levels PPP in diets. It is concluded that addition of pomegranate pulp with Hydroxide Calcium may be improved the performance, egg quality, and antioxidant status and cholesterol of laying hens.
M. Nobakht; H. Darmani; M. Mohiti
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of thyme extract (TE) and dietary fat on performance and carcass antioxidant properties of Ross 308 broiler chicks (male/female ratio of 50/50). The used experimental design was a completely randomized design with six dietary treatments each replicated ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of thyme extract (TE) and dietary fat on performance and carcass antioxidant properties of Ross 308 broiler chicks (male/female ratio of 50/50). The used experimental design was a completely randomized design with six dietary treatments each replicated 4 times with 10 birds per replicate. Feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) of the chicks were recorded at the end of starter, grower and finisher periods. These records were used to calculate feed conversion ratio (FCR). The susceptibility to lipid oxidation of thigh muscles from two slaughtered chicks (on day 42) was determined during 45 and 90 days of refrigerated storage (-20 °C) using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Chicks fed diets supplemented with fat had higher BWG and FI, and lower FCR compared to diets without fat (P<0.05) in all experimental periods. Despite the non-significant effect of TE on growth performance, its use led to significant reduction in TBARS concentrations in thigh meat after 45 and 90 days of storage (P<0.05). Adding TE led to significant increase in glutathione peroxidase concentration in liver (P<0.05), but its increasing effect on liver superoxide dismutase activity was not significant (P>0.05). As an overall conclusion, adding TE and SO to the diets of broiler chicks for the entire experimental period led to improved growth rate in SO supplemented birds and increased oxidative stability of meat in birds supplemented with TE.
elnaz safiyary; parviz farhoomand; mohsen daneshyar
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to determine the total leucine requirement of male Ross 308 broiler chicks. To determinate valine requirement of male broiler chicks based on growth performance, a total of 250 male broiler chicks from 24 to 39 Days of age, was assigned to 5 treatments with ...
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The aim of this experiment was to determine the total leucine requirement of male Ross 308 broiler chicks. To determinate valine requirement of male broiler chicks based on growth performance, a total of 250 male broiler chicks from 24 to 39 Days of age, was assigned to 5 treatments with 5 replicate using a completely randomized design. Wheat-corn-soybean meal-based diet was formulated to provide the all nutrient except leucine, based on Ross 308 management guide. Dietary leucine was supplied in 5 levels from 1.16 to 1.36 % for the experimental period. In the experimental period weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency ratio were determined. Result of this study showed that the liner broken line model were used for determine of total leucine requirement for Ross 308 male broiler chicks is the well fitted base on weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, and evaluated leucine content for these performance parameters were 1.217, 1.218 and 1.213 % of diet, respectively. The result of this experiment showed that the uric acid of chickens was significantly affected by the Leucine supplementation in diet (P<0.01). The results indicated that Leucine requirement for maximum performance of broiler chicks were tolerate between 1.213 to 1.218%, and the uric acid content is lowest in this limit.
Taghi Ghoorchi; M. m_smusavi
Abstract
In order to study of fattening potential of lambs by pasturing barley forage, 21 Atabay (Dalagh) ram lambs, with initial body weight 22.5±0.4 selected and used in 90 days feeding experiment. A completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 7 replications was used. The lambs were fed diets ...
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In order to study of fattening potential of lambs by pasturing barley forage, 21 Atabay (Dalagh) ram lambs, with initial body weight 22.5±0.4 selected and used in 90 days feeding experiment. A completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 7 replications was used. The lambs were fed diets include: (1) fattening diet, (2) 1 month grazing + 2 month fattening deit, (3) 2 month grazing +1 month fattening diet. The effects of treatments on total weight and daily feed intake of the lambs were not significant, however, average daily gain of lambs in the first, second and third month of the experiment had a significant difference between treatments (P>0.05). Carcass efficiency, Carcass weight, Carcass length, eye muscle area and cut fat thickness was not affected by treatments. Lambs grazed one and two month had the most leg weight respectively, that were significantly, different with the fattening diet (P>0.05). Flank and brisket weight were significantly higher in 1 month grazing treatment than others (P>0.05).
A. Mirhidari; N. torbatinejad; S. Hasani; Pirouz Shakeri
Abstract
Biochar is a carbonaceous material obtained when types of biomass heated in a closed container with little or no available oxygen. Biochar combines a porous structure and large surface area for microbial adhere. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of feeding pistachio by-product biochar ...
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Biochar is a carbonaceous material obtained when types of biomass heated in a closed container with little or no available oxygen. Biochar combines a porous structure and large surface area for microbial adhere. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of feeding pistachio by-product biochar (PBPB) on growth performance, microbial protein, blood metabolites and some of ruminal fermentation parameters in fattening lambs. For this purpose, 12 Kermanian male lambs (21.70 ± 1.37 kg BW) were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 experimental diets containing 0 and 1 % of PBPB (DM basis) over an 84-days period. Experimental diets were fed twice daily in two equal portions as total mixed rations. Dry matter intake (DMI) and weight gain were recorded and blood, urine and rumen fluid samples were collected at different times. Result indicated that feeding 1% PBPB had no significant effect on dry matter intake, but average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and microbial protein production were improved (p<0.05). Mean of rumen fluid pH was not affected by diets, but ruminal concentration of NH3-N was increased (p= 0.03) with substitutions of 1% PBPB. The long-term feeding of 1% PBPB had no significant effect on liver enzymes and triglycerides but, lambs fed 1% PBPB had higher blood glucose and total protein (p<0.05) than those fed other diet. It was concluded that using of PBPB up to 1% of dietary DM had favorable effects on growth performance and feed conversion ratio.
Hossein Naeemipour; Mohammad Mahdi Shariati; S. zerehdaran; M. Jabbari
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of season and age at first calving on parameters of Wood function in fitting lactation curves (such as persistency, peak time and peak yield) of primiparous Iranian Holsteins. A total of 580,980 test day records from 953 herds recorded on 58,098 ...
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of season and age at first calving on parameters of Wood function in fitting lactation curves (such as persistency, peak time and peak yield) of primiparous Iranian Holsteins. A total of 580,980 test day records from 953 herds recorded on 58,098 cows calved between 1990 and 2012, were analyzed. Genetic analysis was performed in a univariate animal model using DMU package. The results showed that the effects of herd, year and season of calving, age at first calving and Holstein gene percentage on lactation curve parameters were significant (P<0.01). The maximum and minimum frequency of atypical lactation curves were observed in spring-summer seasons and autumn-winter seasons, respectively. The heritabilities of lactation curve parameters were low to medium (ranging from 0.03 to 0.26). The genetic trend for 305-d milk yield, partial production from days, 5-100, 101-200 and 201-305, peak time and peak yield were positive and significant (P<0.05). Cows calving in spring and winter, had earlier and later peak time and had the least and highest persistency, respectively. Younger cows had higher persistency and later peak time occurred as well as lactation curves were less atypical, therefore, the suitable season and optimum first age at calving are winter and 24 months of age in Iranian Holsteins cows. Keywords: genetic analysis, lactation curve, season and age at first calving, Iranian Holstein cows
Sh. Ghorbani; Ali akbar Gharahdaghi; Mokhtar Ali ABBASI; seed asghar nemati
Abstract
This research, aimed to estimate genetic parameters to evaluate breeding strategy for some important production and reproduction traits in Yazd native fowls.For this purpose, the data collected for12 generations (2006-2015) in Yazd native fowls was used. Genetic parameters were estimated by multi-trait ...
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This research, aimed to estimate genetic parameters to evaluate breeding strategy for some important production and reproduction traits in Yazd native fowls.For this purpose, the data collected for12 generations (2006-2015) in Yazd native fowls was used. Genetic parameters were estimated by multi-trait animal model using WOMBAT software and breeding values were predicted for all birds.The highest and lowest heritability were estimated for weight at sexual maturity (0.58±0.02) and egg weight at 1st day of laying (0.19 ± 0.01), respectively. Genetic trends of BW1, BW8, BW12, ASM, WSM, EN, EW1 and MEW were estimated, 0.39, 15.79, 25.98, -1.78, 26.65, 1.87, 0.24 and 0.69 respectively, that all traits were significant. Results of this study showed that the breeding program applied in Yazd native fowls, genetic structure has improved. Also, a series of six different animal models were fitted for all traits, and the best model for each trait was chosen based on log-likelihood ratio tests (LRT).Our results showed that maternal effects are significant in economic traits in Yazd native fowls and so, the inclusion of these effects in models, increasing the accuracy of the estimates of direct heritability .Therefore, We must in future selections program, analysis of traits under selection, with the most appropriate model to be done.
Kazem Yussefi; said Abdollah Hosseini; Maziar Mohiti Asli; Hussein Yussefi Kelarikolaei; Amir Meimandi pour
Abstract
An experiment was carried out with 140 Arian broiler breeder hens and 20 males at 26 weeks of age. This experiment was done in 2×2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 20 experimental units and lasted 40 weeks. Dietary treatments were formulated with 2 levels of energy including ...
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An experiment was carried out with 140 Arian broiler breeder hens and 20 males at 26 weeks of age. This experiment was done in 2×2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 20 experimental units and lasted 40 weeks. Dietary treatments were formulated with 2 levels of energy including 2740 and 2540 Kcal/Kg and two level of digestible lysine (0.54 and 0.61 %). Dietary energy level had no significant effect on egg production, egg weight and feed conversion ratio, but hens were received lower energy level had a lower daily weight gain compare to the hens received high energy level (p<0.05). Increasing lysine level of diets, increased egg weight by 1.5 % (62.74 vs. 68.63%; p<0.05). However egg production, feed conversion ratio and body weight gain of this hens didn’t affected by lysine level. Hatchability of total eggs (65.39 vs. 73.40; p<0.05) and hatch of fertile egg (73.27 vs. 88.91, p<0.001) reduced by increasing energy level. Also, decreasing energy intake increased fertility (50.62 vs. 80.05; p<0.001) and grade one chicks (75.38 vs.92.26; p<0.001). The results show that use less energy and lysine levels in the diet of Arian broiler breeder improve reproductive performance.
Davood Zahmatkesh; Meghdad Jahani-Moghadam
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the partial replacement of soybean meal with a slow-release source of non-protein nitrogen in the dairy cattle ration on milk production, milk composition and economic implications. Forty-four cows with an average 193±39 days in milk and the average ...
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The objective of this research was to evaluate the partial replacement of soybean meal with a slow-release source of non-protein nitrogen in the dairy cattle ration on milk production, milk composition and economic implications. Forty-four cows with an average 193±39 days in milk and the average parity number of 3.1 ± 1.4 were assigned to one of the following treatments: the control ration (containing soybean meal), and the experimental ration containing non-protein nitrogen slow-release (0.75% of diet DM as slow-release source of non-protein nitrogen). The diets were fed to cows as total mixed ration and ad libitum. Milk production, milk composition, and blood urea nitrogen were measured. Milk yield, milk fat and protein percentage, somatic cell count, and blood urea nitrogen were not influenced by treatments (P >0.05). Income over feed cost (IOFC) for the diet containing non-protein nitrogen slow-release was significantly higher compared with the control treatment (P<0.01). Economic simulations, using the observed milk yield response, indicated that the change in IOFC was the highest when the remaining of diet was completed with wheat bran. Under conditions of this study, partial replacement of soybean meal with slow-release source of non-protein nitrogen resulted in improved economic outcomes.
Atefeh Khavari; Mahdi Khodaei; HamidReza Momeni
Abstract
The sperm used in the current study was collected from the testis epidydim of slaughtered Farahani's ram and divided to four groups. There are 106 sperms in each sample. The experimental treatments included sperm at 0 hour, sperm at 180 minutes (control), sperm treated with cadmium chloride (10μM) ...
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The sperm used in the current study was collected from the testis epidydim of slaughtered Farahani's ram and divided to four groups. There are 106 sperms in each sample. The experimental treatments included sperm at 0 hour, sperm at 180 minutes (control), sperm treated with cadmium chloride (10μM) for 180 minutes and sperm treated with silymarin (5 μM) and cadmium chloride (10 μM) for 180 minutes. Diff-Quick staining was used to investigate the apoptosis morphological features in sperm nucleus. Also, acridine orange staining and sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test were used for estimation of sperm DNA fragmentation. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA. Comparison of treatment means was done by Tukey's test at 0.05 confidence level.In this research, the sperm nucleus diameter was significantly (P< 0.05) decreased in cadmium chloride-treated group when compared with control. The utilization of silymarin with cadmium chloride could compensate significantly the reduction in sperm nucleus diameter in cadmium chloride- treated group. The results also showed that the DNA fragmentation percentage was significantly increased in cadmium chloride- treated group in comparison to control (P<0.001) and silymarin with cadmium chloride-treated group (P< 0.01). Silymarin as a potent antioxidant can inhibit the detrimental effect of cadmium chloride on ram sperm nucleus diameter and DNA integrity.
Sh. Samadi; Farid Shariatmadari; M. Sharafi
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the effect of different fat source and feed additives in diets on performance, egg quality and lipid oxidation yolk in laying hens in. A total of 108 hy-line W-36 number laying hens were used in the second laying period in a completely randomly design(CRD) with a factorial ...
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This study was conducted to assess the effect of different fat source and feed additives in diets on performance, egg quality and lipid oxidation yolk in laying hens in. A total of 108 hy-line W-36 number laying hens were used in the second laying period in a completely randomly design(CRD) with a factorial arrangement of (2×3). Experimental factors were two fat sources (waste cooking oil and a commercial mixture of Ca- protected unsaturated fatty acids) and three types of feed additive (without feed additive, virginiamycin and biohebal® feed). A 70-d experimental period was, used after a 10-d adaptation period. The results of this study showed that type of dietary fat had significant effect on the production, egg mass and feed intake, so that most responsive was treatment with waste cooking oil (P<0.05). Fat source did not affect shell percentage and shell strength (P>0.05). Chickens receiving waste cooking oil produced eggs with thicker eggshell (P<0.05). No significant main and interaction effects were observed on the albumen percent, albumen height and haugh unit (P>0.05). Treatments with waste cooking oil caused a significant increase in yolk color index (P<0.05). There was no significant effect on levels of malondialdehyde fresh eggs yolk samples(zero time),( P>0.05). The highest rates of under induced oxidation of fat oxidation was related to treatments containing fat powder (P<0.05). The result of this experiment showed that cooking fat had a better effect on layers production performances criteria and herbal mix extract improved the egg during storage.
Mohammad Mehdi Moheghi; Abdoul Mansour Tahmasbi; Reza Valizadeh; Abasali Naserian; mohsen kazemi; Ameneh Eskandary Torbaghan
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of pure saponin (Loba Chemie Ltd.) on digestibility, fermentation parameters, ruminal protozoa population and blood metabolites in Baluchi male sheep. Four rumen fistulated Baluchi male sheep (LW=40.3±2.2kg) were used in a change-over ...
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This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of pure saponin (Loba Chemie Ltd.) on digestibility, fermentation parameters, ruminal protozoa population and blood metabolites in Baluchi male sheep. Four rumen fistulated Baluchi male sheep (LW=40.3±2.2kg) were used in a change-over design. Experimental treatments were 1) basal diet (control), 2) basal diet + 75 mg saponin per kg of diet (DM basis), 3) basal diet + 150 mg saponin, and 4) basal diet + 300 mg saponin. Saponin did not affect apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, NDF, and ADF of the diet (P>0.05). Concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate and also pH of the rumen fluid were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05), but the level of 300 mg saponin increased total volatile fatty acids compared to the control group (P<0.05). The mean of ammonia nitrogen concentration and total number of protozoa were decreased with the increasing of saponin in the diet (P<0.05). Also by increasing saponin in the diet, the mean of blood triglyceride concentration decreased (P<0.05) but cholesterol, HDL, and LDL level were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05). Although use of saponin up to 300 mg in the diet, had no negative effect on the health of animal, but among the studied parameters, ammonia nitrogen concentration, total volatile fatty acids, blood triglyceride and numbers of ruminal protozoa were affected by saponin. However, more studies are needed to prove the beneficial effects of saponins on animal performance.
