The effects of adding beet molasses and barley grain and delay before ensiling on canola silage quantity and quality parameters

Nezamdoost, Majid; Ghorchi, T.; Arbabai, Samaneh; Zerehdaran, Saeed; Seyedalmoosavi, Seyed Mohamad Mahdi

doi:10.22092/asj.2017.114697.1490

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ MSc. Animal Nutrition Science. Dept. Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resoureces

² Ph.D., Dept. Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resoureces

³ Professor., Dept. Animal and Poultry Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

⁴ Ph.D Student., Dept. Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resoureces

https://doi.org/10.22092/asj.2017.114697.1490

Abstract

This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of adding molasses, barley grain and also, delay before ensiling on appearance characteristics, and nutritional value of canola silage. The data were analyzed using a completely randomized design with 2×4 factorial method. The experimental treatments were as followed: 1- silage without additive (control) and without delay before ensiling, 2- silage without additive with 48 hours delay before ensiling, 3- adding 5% molasses without delay before ensiling, 4- adding 5% molasses with 48 hours delay before ensiling, 5- adding 5% barley grain without delay before ensiling, 6- adding 5% barley grain with 48 hours delay before ensiling, 7- adding 2.5% molasses + 2.5% barley grain without delay before ensiling, and 8- adding 2.5% molasses + 2.5% barley grain with 48 hours delay before ensiling. Each of additives mixed with canola forage in 2 different times (0 and 48 h after harvest), and then, packed into plastic bucket containers, and were kept at 25°C for 60 days. According to the results, adding molasses increased water soluble carbohydrates, and decreased pH, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (P<0.05). Delay before ensiling, improved appearance characteristics, and also, increased pH and crude protein of silage (P<0.05). In conclusion, molasses and barley grain with 48 hours delay before ensiling had a better performance, in terms of appearance characteristics, chemical composition and canola silage digestibility.

Keywords

References

اربابی، س. و قورچی، ت. (1388). اثر سطوح مختلف ملاس بر ترکیب شیمیایی و ارزش غذایی سیلاژ ارزن دم روباهی. مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. 16: 11-25.

پاپی، ن.، کفیل زاده، ف. و فضائلی، ح. (1395). مطالعات قابلیت سیلو شدن علوفه آرتیچوک و اثر افزودن سطوح مختلف ملاس بر خصوصیات سیلویی آن. پژوهش و سازندگی. 13: 41-50.

تقی زاده، ا.، دانش مسگران، م.، ولی زاده، ر. و افتخار شاهرودی، ف. (1382). بررسی مدل هضمی شکمبه ای ماده خشک و پروتئین خام برخی مواد خوراکی با استفاده از روش کیسه های نایلونی متحرک. مجله دانش کشاورزی. 13: 113-101.

دانش مسگران، م.، هروی موسوی، ع. و فتحی، م. ح. (1381). جیره نویسی و تغذیه گاوهای شیری (سیستم ARC). انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد (ترجمه). ص 559.

Anderson, B. and Grant, R. (1993). G93-1168 Moisture Testing of Grain, Hay and Silage. Historical Materials from University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. 1312.

AOAC. (2000). Official methods of analysis, 13th Ed, Assoc. off. Anal. Chem., Washington, D. C. Vow 1, No 1.

Arbabi, S., Ghoorchi, T. and Hasani, S. (2008). The effect of delayed ensiling and application of an propionic acid-based additives on the nutrition value of corn silage. Asian Journal of Animal Science. 2, pp.26-34.

Barker, S.B. and Summerson, W.H. (1941). The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in biological material. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 138: 535-554.

Basso, F.C., Bernardes, T.F., Roth, A.P.D.T.P., Lodo, B.N., Berchielli, T.T. and Reis, R.A. (2012). Fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage inoculated with Lactobacillus buchneri. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. 41: 1789-1794.

Catchpoole, V.R. (1965). Laboratory ensilage of Setaria sphacelata (Nandi) and Chloris gayana (CPI 16144). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 16(3), 391-402.

Chen, L., Guo, G., Yuan, X., Shimojo, M., Yu, C. and Shao, T. (2014). Effect of applying molasses and propionic acid on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage prepared with whole-plant corn in Tibet. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences. 27: 349.

Florek, S., Purwin, C., Minakowski, D., Stanek, M. and Tredowicz, M. (2004). The influence of formic acid additives on the quality of silage from different plant material. Veterinarija Ir Zootechnika. 26: 22-28.

Fijałkowska, M., Pysera, B., Lipiński, K. and Strusińska, D. (2015). Changes of nitrogen compounds during ensiling of high protein herbages–a review. Annals of Animal Science. 15: 289-305.

Gampawar, A. S. and Kakde, V. G. (1985). Effect of molasses and formic acid on the quality of wheat straw-berseem silage [Trifolium]. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences (India). 455-485.

Gül, M., Yörük, M. A., Karaoğlu, M. and Macit, M. (2008). Influence of microbial inoculation and molasses and their combination on fermentation characteristics and ruminal degradability of grass silages. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 39: 201-207.

Guo, X., Zhou, H., Yu, Z. and Zhang, Y. (2007). Changes in the distribution of nitrogen and plant enzymatic activity during ensilage of lucerne treated with different additives. Grass and Forage science. 62: 35-43.

Heer, W. F. (2006). Grazing winter canola in the Southern Great Plains. In ‘Abstracts of ASA-CSA-SSSA 2006 International Annual Meetings’.

Hattori, I., Kumai, S., Fukumi, R. and Bayorbor, T. B. (1994). The effect of some additives on aerobic deterioration of corn silage. Animal Science and Technology. 65: 547-550.

Hetta, M., Cone, J. W., Gustavsson, A. M. and Martinsson, K. (2003). The effect of additives in silages of pure timothy and timothy mixed with red clover on chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. Grass and Forage Science. 58: 249-257.

Hilscher, F.H., Burken, D., Bittner, C.J., Harding, J.L., Klopfenstein, T.J. and Erickson, G.E. (2016). The Effect of Delayed Corn Silage Harvest on Corn Silage Yield and Finishing Performance in Yearling Steers. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report.

Iqbal, S., Bhatti, S., Mahr-un-Nisa, A. and Sarwa, M. (2005). Influence of varying levels of organic green culture and enzose on silage characteristics of mott grass and its digestion kinetics in Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls. Internatioanl Journal of Agriculture Biology. 7: 1011-1014.

Kalmbacher, R.S., Brown, W.F. and Pate, F.M. (1995). Effect of molasses-based liquid supplements on digestibility of creeping bluestem and performance of mature cows on winter range. Journal of Animal Science. 73: 853-860.

Kaya, I., Unal, Y. and Sahin, T. (2009). The Effects of Certain Additives on the Grass Silage Quality, Digestibility and Rumen Parameters in Rams. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 8: 1780-1783.

Kim, S.C. and Adesogan, A.T. (2006). Influence of ensiling temperature, simulated rainfall, and delayed sealing on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science. 89: 3122-3132.

Kincaid, R., Johnson, K., Michal, J., Hulbert, S., Pan, W., Barbano, J. and Huisman, A. (2011). Biennial canola for forage and ecosystem improvement in dryland cropping systems. Advances in Animal Biosciences. 2:457-464.

Khan, M. A., Sarwar, M., Nisa, M., Iqbal, Z., Khan, M. S., Lee, W. S. and Kim, H. S. (2006). Chemical composition, in situ digestion kinetics and feeding value of Oat grass (Avena sativa) ensiled with molasses for Nili-Ravi Buffaloes. ASIAN AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES. 19: 1127.

Kilic, A. (1986). Silo feed (instruction, education and application proposals). Bilgehan Pres. 327.

Kung, L. and Ranjit, N. K. (2001). The Effect of Lactobacillus buchneri and Other Additives on the Fermentation and Aerobic Stability of Barley Silage1. Journal of Dairy Science. 84: 1149-1155.

Kung, L., Myers, C.L., Neylon, J.M., Taylor, C.C., Lazartic, J., Mills, J.A. and Whiter, A.G. (2004). The effects of buffered propionic acid-based additives alone or combined with microbial inoculation on the fermentation of high moisture corn and whole-crop barley. Journal of Dairy Science. 87: 1310-1316.

Lardy, G.P., Ulmer, D.N., Anderson, V.L. and Caton, J.S. (2004). Effects of increasing level of supplemental barley on forage intake, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation in steers fed medium-quality grass hay. Journal of Animal Science. 82: 3662-3668.

Liu, Q., Chen, M., Zhang, J., Shi, S. and Cai, Y. (2012). Characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria and their effectiveness to improve stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis Sw.) silage quality at various temperatures. Animal Science Journal. 83: 128-135.

McAllister, T. A. and Hristov, A. N. (2000). The fundamentals of making good quality silage. Advances in Dairy. Agriculture and Agric-food Canola research center, let bridge, AB, Canada, T1J4B1, 13p.

McDonald, P., Henderson, N. and Heron, S. (1991). The biochemistry of silage, 2nd edn Chalcombe Publications.

Mills, J. A. and Kung, L. (2002). The Effect of Delayed Ensiling and Application of a Propionic Acid-Based Additive on the Fermentation of Barley Silage 1, 2. Journal of dairy science. 85: 1969-1975.

Muck, R.E., Moser, L.E. and Pitt, R.E. (2003). Postharvest factors affecting ensiling. Agronomy. 42: 251-304.

Nkosi, B.D., Meeske, R., Langa, T., Motiang, M.D., Modiba, S., Mkhize, N.R. and Groenewald, I.B. (2016). Effects of ensiling forage soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with or without bacterial inoculants on the fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and nutrient digestion of the silage by Damara rams. Small Ruminant Research. 134: 90-96.

Ørskov, E.R. and McDonald, I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 92: 499-503.

PETTERSSON, K.L. and Lindgren, S. (1990). The influence of the carbohydrate fraction and additives on silage quality. Grass and Forage Science. 45: 223-233.

Rezaei, J., Rouzbehan, Y. and Fazaeli, H. (2009). Nutritive value of fresh and ensiled amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) treated with different levels of molasses. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 151: 153-160.

ŞEHU, A., Cakir, S. and ŞAHİN, T. (2010). Determination of rumen degradability of some oilseeds and meals using nylon bag technique. Veterinary Journal of Ankara University (Turkey). 57: 173-178.

Smith, D. (1973). The nonstructural carbohydrates. In ‘Chemistry and biochemistry of herbage’. (Eds G Butler, R Bailey). pp. 105–155.

Touqir, N.A., Ajmal Khan, M., Sarwar, M., Ali, C.S., Lee, W.S., Lee, H.J. and Kim, H.S. (2007). Feeding value of Jambo grass silage and mott grass silage for lactating Nili buffaloes. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 20: 523-528.

Tilley, J.M. and Terry, R.A. (1963). A two‐stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Grass and Forage Science. 18.104-111.

Valizadeh, R., Naserian, A.A. and Vahmani, P. (2009). Influence of drying and ensiling pistachio by-products with urea and molasses on their chemical composition, tannin content and rumen degradability parameters. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 8: 2363-2368.

Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. Cornell University Press.

Weinberg, Z.G. and Muck, R.E. (1996). New trends and opportunities in the development and use of inoculants for silage. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 19: 53-68.

Wilkinson, J.M. and Davies, D.R. (2013). The aerobic stability of silage: key findings and recent developments. Grass and Forage Science. 68: 1-19.

Yuan, X., Wen, A., Desta, S.T., Wang, J. and Shao, T. (2017). Effects of sodium diacetate on the fermentation profile, chemical composition and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 30: 804.

Yacob, M.A., Alimon, A.R. and Hilmi, A. (1992). Nutritive evaluation of sweet-corn stover silage for growing lambs. In Proc 15th MSAP Conf (pp. 203-206).

Yan, T. and Agnew, R.E. (2004). Prediction of nutritive values in grass silages: II. Degradability of nitrogen and dry matter using digestibility, chemical composition, and fermentation data. Journal of Animal Science, 82: 1380-1391.

Zhuang, Y., Ataku, K. and Zhang, W. (2007). Effects of biological additive and moisture content on fermentation quality of alfalfa and timothy silages. Chinese Journal of Animal Veterinary Science. 38: 1394-1400.

Research Journal of Livestock Science

The effects of adding beet molasses and barley grain and delay before ensiling on canola silage quantity and quality parameters

References

References

Volume 31, Issue 119
September 2018
Pages 169-182

The effects of adding beet molasses and barley grain and delay before ensiling on canola silage quantity and quality parameters

References

References

Volume 31, Issue 119September 2018Pages 169-182

Volume 31, Issue 119
September 2018
Pages 169-182