A. Nobakht; S. Azarfar; Y. Mehmannavaz; M.R. Ghalehnoei
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to assess the effects of using different levels of pennyroyal and thyme medicinal plants on performance, egg quality, blood biochemical and immunity cells of Japanese Laying Quails. This study carried out in as factorial (2×2) include 2 levels of pennyroyal (0 and ...
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This experiment was conducted to assess the effects of using different levels of pennyroyal and thyme medicinal plants on performance, egg quality, blood biochemical and immunity cells of Japanese Laying Quails. This study carried out in as factorial (2×2) include 2 levels of pennyroyal (0 and 0.75%) and 2 levels of thyme (0 and 0.75%) in 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 15 laying quails in each replicate in 5 weeks from 6 up to 11 weeks of quail ages in a completely randomized design. The results showed that using different levels of pennyroyal, thyme and interaction between them, significantly affect the egg weight, egg traits and blood immune cells of laying quails (P<0.05). Using 0.75% of pennyroyal significantly increased the amounts of daily feed intake and feed conversion. Using 0.75% of thyme significantly increased the amount of egg weight. Interaction between thyme and pennyroyal did not have any significant effects on performance of quails. Using thyme and pennyroyal and interaction between them significantly increased the eggshell quality and decreased the Haugh unit. By using thyme the percentage of heterophil decreased and the percentage of lymphocyte increased. Increase in heterophil percentage was seen in interaction between thyme and pennyroyal. Using thyme and pennyroyal and interaction between them did not have any significant effects on blood biochemical traits of laying quails (P>0.05). The overall results indicated that in laying quails, using 0.75% of thyme has positive effects on egg weight, eggshell quality and level of immune cells, whereas using 0.75% of pennyroyal has adverse effects on performance, but improve the eggshell quality. Using pennyroyal and interaction between thyme and pennyroyal decreased the Haugh unit of quail's eggs.
F. Samadi; M. Amiri
Abstract
A total of 320 day-old Japanese quails were allocated to four treatments using a completely randomized design to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Chavir powder(Ch.P) and vitamin Eon performance, meat quality and some blood metabolites. Treatments included in the study were: 1) basal ...
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A total of 320 day-old Japanese quails were allocated to four treatments using a completely randomized design to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Chavir powder(Ch.P) and vitamin Eon performance, meat quality and some blood metabolites. Treatments included in the study were: 1) basal diet (control group), 2 and 3) the basal diet supplemented with Ch.P at the levels of 1.5 and 3 %, respectively, and 4) the basal diet supplemented with vitamin E at 200 mg/kg of diet. Each treatment replicated four times with 20 birds in each replicate. Results showed that adding Ch.P to the diets significantly decreased body weight gain and feed intake (FI) at 21 d of age (P<0.05), while its effect on feed conversion ratio (FCR) was not significant. Dietary vitamin E supplementation decreased FI during the starter period and improved FCR during the starter and the entire of rearing periods (P<0.05). The amounts of malondialdehyde was lower in thigh meat of chicks fed diets supplemented with 3 percent Ch.P or vitamin E. Malondialdehyde level in breast meat of birds, after 90 days storage, decreased in response to the vitamin E supplementation (P<0.05). Birds treated with vitamin E had greater water holding capacity in thigh meat (P<0.05). Both levels of Ch.P increased the moisture content of breast meat after 90 days storage (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the dietary treatments for pH and blood metabolites. General, Regarding quail performance this study did not show any significant side effects between the dietary treatments. However, dietary supplementation of Ch.P and/or vitamin E (200 mg/kg) affected the meat oxidative stability during long period of storage.
H.R. sahraei; Sh. Ghazi; A. Kiani
Abstract
In this experiment, five experimental treatments consisting inclusion of 0, 15, 25, 35 and 45 percent faba bean processed by enzyme, were examined during days 7 to 35 of age. Results showed that EFB led to improvement of feed consumption, gain, food conversion and increasing of economical performance ...
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In this experiment, five experimental treatments consisting inclusion of 0, 15, 25, 35 and 45 percent faba bean processed by enzyme, were examined during days 7 to 35 of age. Results showed that EFB led to improvement of feed consumption, gain, food conversion and increasing of economical performance index. EFB did not have significant effect on relative carcass weight, abdominal fat, breast, thigh and different sections of gut. It was concluded that EFB can be added to the diets for broiler chicken at 25 to 35 percent during days 7 to 14 of age and it can be increased to 45 percent in later ages up to day 35 of age.
A.A. Saki; M. Abdolmaleki; S. Mirzaie Goudarzi; P. Zamani; E. Taheri; M. Manafi
Abstract
This study was conducted the effects of supplemental folic acid (FA) on egg folate content and blood plasma folate level, performance and egg quality of laying hens from 54 wk of age. In this study were used 80 Hy-line W-36 laying hen, allocated in completely random design to 4 treatments and 5 replicated ...
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This study was conducted the effects of supplemental folic acid (FA) on egg folate content and blood plasma folate level, performance and egg quality of laying hens from 54 wk of age. In this study were used 80 Hy-line W-36 laying hen, allocated in completely random design to 4 treatments and 5 replicated cages contain 4 birds per cage. Experimental treatment were consisted of basal diet and 2, 3,4 plus three levels 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg folic acid in diet. Experiment period was week 8. Folic acid supplementation did not affect egg quantity consisting of weight, production percentage and egg mass, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and egg quality consisting of shape index, egg surface area Specific gravity, Shell weight, Shell thickness and Huagh unit (P>0.05). Yolk folate content and plasma were increased with folate supplementation.Based on regression relationships, showed that 137.5 mg folic acid/kg diets represent the best effects with respect to folate content of egg yolk.
A. heidariniya; M.H. Shahir; H.R. Taheri; S.A. Hoseini
Abstract
This study was carried out with the objective of determination of the optimal standardized ileal digestible lysine level in starter period (8 to28 days old) based on the performance, blood parameters and immune response in male turkey poults. A total of 160 male turkey poults(BUT6) in a completely randomized ...
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This study was carried out with the objective of determination of the optimal standardized ileal digestible lysine level in starter period (8 to28 days old) based on the performance, blood parameters and immune response in male turkey poults. A total of 160 male turkey poults(BUT6) in a completely randomized design, using eight treatments(1.33(basal diet),1.405,1.48,1.55,1.63,1.705,1.78,1.855% SID Lys) and four replications, with 5 birds in each. Diets were isoenergetic, isonitrogenous and equal in electrolyte balance. There was a significant effect of standardized ileal digestible lysine levels on performance and blood parameters. Increase of digestible lysine level to 1.705% resulted in improved of body weight, FCR, H/L ratio,total protein, albumin and uric acid. Increasing SID Lys levels increased WBC number. At the end of this experiment increased of SID Lys levels improved of performance, blood parameters and immunity.
M. Falah; B. Dastar; F. Ganji; A. ashayerizadeh
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Aspergillus oryzae fermented soybean meal and dietary protein level on performance and gasterointestinal microbial population in broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with 2×2 factorial arrangement containing, 2 forms of soybean ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Aspergillus oryzae fermented soybean meal and dietary protein level on performance and gasterointestinal microbial population in broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with 2×2 factorial arrangement containing, 2 forms of soybean meal (raw and fermented) and 2 levels of protein (Low and High protein). Two hundred and forty Ross 308 broilers were allocated to 4 experimental treatments with 5 replicates of 12 chickens each. The results showed thatreplacing fermented soybean meal with soybean meal in diet decreased to feed intake(P<0.05)but had no significant effect on weight gain of broilers in finisher rearing period (P>0.05). Abdominal fat percentage was significantly higher in low protein diet than high protein diet (P<0.05)Lactic acid bacteria population in crop of broilers fed diet containing fermented soybean meal was significantly higher than that of broilers fed diet containing soybean meal(P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that complete replacement of fermented soybean meal to raw soybean meal in diet without significant negative impact on growth performance led to improve the balance of gastrointestinal microbial population in broiler chickens.
M.J. Agah; H. Nasiri Moghadam; A. Golian; A.R. Raji; M.T. Mirakzehi; H. Saleh; M.R. Hashemi
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the synergy effects of adding sesame oil (SEO) and olive leaf extract (OLE) as sources of natural antioxidants to the diet on the performance, nutrient digestibility and antioxidant status of broiler chickens under heat stress condition. Three hundred Ross male ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the synergy effects of adding sesame oil (SEO) and olive leaf extract (OLE) as sources of natural antioxidants to the diet on the performance, nutrient digestibility and antioxidant status of broiler chickens under heat stress condition. Three hundred Ross male broilers were randomly distributed to 30 experimental units and 6 dietary treatments (5 replicates with 10 birds in each). The completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 3×2 with 3 levels of OLE (0, 200 and 400 mg/kg of diet) and 2 types of vegetable oil [crude corn oil (CRO) and SEO] were used. The experimental diets included: a corn soybean meal based diet with added CRO and without OLE supplementation, a basal diet with SEO and without OLE supplementation, a basal diet with added CRO and 200 mg/kg OLE supplementation, a basal diet with added SEO and 200 mg/kg OLE supplementation, a basal diet with added CRO and 400 mg/kg OLE supplementation and a basal diet with added SEO and 400 mg/kg OLE supplementation. Heat stress was applied for 6 h from 29 to 42 days. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio and daily gain of broiler chickens were not significantly affected by treatments. The inclusion of SEO and/or OLE up to 200 mg to the diet significantly increased the relative weight of Bursa of Fabricius. The use of OLE and SEO in diet did not have any significant effect on blood antioxidant parameters. It can be concluded that the use of OLE up to 200 mg in terms of heat stress, improves nutrient digestibility in broiler diets, but no significant effect on improving the performance of birds.
M.H. Nemati; N. Osanloo; A. Nobakht
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of feeding raw triticale grain as well as processed ones on broiler performance, three hundred male broiler chickens of Cobb 500 were used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were as follows: corn-soybean meal (control), ...
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In order to investigate the effects of feeding raw triticale grain as well as processed ones on broiler performance, three hundred male broiler chickens of Cobb 500 were used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were as follows: corn-soybean meal (control), raw triticale (80% of cereal part in diet), triticale proceed by water 40 ° C (80% of cereal part in diet), triticale proceed by acetic acid (80% of cereal part in diet) and triticale proceed by enzymes (80% of cereal part in diet). Results showed that total weight gain among the treatments differed significantly (P<0.05), body weight in chickens fed with triticale proceed by water 40 ° C and control were the highest but in the chickens fed with raw triticale this criteria was the lowest. Different processing of triticale grain did not make any significant effect on carcass characteristics (P>0.05). Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected by treatments. The relative weight of intestine and length of its different parts recorded no changes by raw triticale grain and processed ones, but use of raw triticale grain decreased villous height and increased width of the villi (P<0.05). Either acidified or raw triticale reduced production index (P<0.05). It could be concluded that nutritional value of triticale grain was improved by water treatment and it can be used up to 80% of cereal grains in broilers diet.
A.A. Saki; E. Rahmatnezhad
Abstract
The influence of dietary soluble and insoluble fibers on small intestine histomorphology and performance was studied in broilers from 1 to 21 d of age. The treatments were as follows: treatment 1, control diet (fiber-free diet); and treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5 where 2% and 4% cellulose (CEL), 2% and 4% ...
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The influence of dietary soluble and insoluble fibers on small intestine histomorphology and performance was studied in broilers from 1 to 21 d of age. The treatments were as follows: treatment 1, control diet (fiber-free diet); and treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5 where 2% and 4% cellulose (CEL), 2% and 4% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were respectively supplemented to the control diet, respectively. Inclusion of CMC reduced body weight gain (BWG), average feed intake (AFI), and production efficiency factor (PEF) and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) as compared with others (P<0.05). Inclusion of 4% fiber (CEL and CMC) led to increase gizzard weight at 10 d of age (P<0.05), but at d 21, both 2% and 4% levels of this fibers resulted in the mentioned effect. The weight of the gizzard was increased when high level of fibers (4%) was included in the diet (P<0.05). Higher weights of small intestine were observed in birds fed CEL and CMC than those of fed control diet at 21 d of age (P<0.05). Orthogonal comparisons showed, in comparison with control and CEL, CMC increases relative weights of digestive organs except for duodenum (P<0.05). Based on the orthogonal comparisons, inclusion of fibers decreased the pH of gizzard contents at 10 and 21 d of age (P<0.05), while this effect for CMC was observed only at 21 d of age. Inclusion of CMC led to an increase in jejunal viscosity rather than other treatments (P<0.05). The CMC-fed birds had lower villous height and width, deeper crypt, lower villous length to crypt depth ratio, lower villous surface area compared with others (P<0.05). The effects of different treatments on goblet cells type were not significan (P>0.05). However, the CMC-fed birds had the thicker serosa and have the greater goblet cell numbers as compared to others (P<0.05). Current findings suggest that the effects of fiber on broiler performance and digestive tract histomorphology differ depending on the fiber type.
A. Laki; M. Dehghan- Banadaky; A. Zali; M. Ghanjkhanlou; K. Reza-Yazdi
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effect of steeping barley grain in lactic acid (LA) and citric acid (CA) on fermentability and degradability. In gas test experiment, treatments including dry rolled barley grain (DR) steeped in either tap water alone (DRw) or, in 0.25, 0.5, ...
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Two experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effect of steeping barley grain in lactic acid (LA) and citric acid (CA) on fermentability and degradability. In gas test experiment, treatments including dry rolled barley grain (DR) steeped in either tap water alone (DRw) or, in 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 percent of LA, and 0.5, 1, 1.5 percent of CA solutions for 24 hour. Results indicated that treated barley grain with 0.75 % LA and 1 % of CA significantly (P<0.05) decreased gas production until 6 h of incubation. Treatments had no significant effect on cumulative gas production after 6 h of incubation. In addition, gas production rate in LA0.75 and CA1 significantly were lower than that of DR and DRw. In the ruminal degradability experiment, dry matter degradation kinetics of four treatments including DR, DRw, DR steeped 0.75 % LA and 1 % CA solution measured. Treated barley grain in LA and CA in comparison to DR and DRw tented to decreased dry matter degradation rate. Effective degradation (ED) was significantly lower in CA-treated barley. In addition ED was numerically lower in LA as compared to DR and DRw treated -barley. In conclusion, steeping barley grain in 0.75 % LA and 1 % CA solution can be used as a useful barley processing technique in ruminant.
K. Ezazi; H. Aghdam Shahryar; Y. Ebrahimnezhad
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of purslane seed on performance, egg quality traits and some serum biochemical parameters in Japanese quails. In this experiment were used 192 laying quails in a completely randomized design with four treatments, four replicates and in each replicate ...
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of purslane seed on performance, egg quality traits and some serum biochemical parameters in Japanese quails. In this experiment were used 192 laying quails in a completely randomized design with four treatments, four replicates and in each replicate 12 laying quails. The period of this experiment was two months. Experimental groups included 0, 1, 2 and 3% of purslane seed in diet. The eggs were collected, counted and calculated every day. At the end of this experiment, four eggs selected from each replicate randomly for analyzing egg quality (percentage of yolk, albumen, shell, shell thickness, yolk color and internal quality unit). Also, at the end of the experiment, from each group, two laying quails were selected to evaluate serum biochemical parameters. The results showed that feeding laying quails with 2% purslane seed increased egg production in compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Adding of purslane seed to diets did not affect feed intake, but improved feed consumption ratio (p<0.05). Also, supplementing 3% purslane seed in laying quails diet increased internal quality unit (IQU) (p<0.05). In addition, feeding purslane seed in diets significantly affected serum biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, HDL, uric acid, and MDA) (p<0.05). Form the results of this experiment concluded that feeding up to 3% purslane seed in diet, improved egg production, egg quality and some of serum biochemical parameters in laying quails.
S. Mashayekhi; M.A. Pasandideh; S.J. Fatemi
Abstract
Chicken meat has special importance in human nutrition. Behbahan Township occupied 5th rank in chicken meat production between all townships of Khuzestan province. The present study investigated economic aspects of broiler production in this township. For this purpose, Cobb-Douglas production function ...
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Chicken meat has special importance in human nutrition. Behbahan Township occupied 5th rank in chicken meat production between all townships of Khuzestan province. The present study investigated economic aspects of broiler production in this township. For this purpose, Cobb-Douglas production function was estimated and total factor productivityand profitability of the activity was determined. The necessary data was collected by survey and completion of questionnaire from all 44 active broiler farms in this township in 2012. The results showed that the average age and job experience of studied broiler farmers was 43 and 14.5 years, respectively. Meanwhile, 88.5 percent of broiler farms were without technical manager. From producers' viewpoint, price fluctuation, existence of middlemen and change in government policies were three basic problems of broiler industry, respectively. The estimation of production elasticity of inputs showed that one percent increase in labor and feed inputs would increase chicken production by 0.78 and 0.73 percent, respectively. The total factor productivity was 2.23 for all broiler farms, which shows that on an average, the producer earns 2.23 Rials in return for 1 Rial cost of production. By the way, the average cost of production and profit from production of one kilogram of live chicken was determined 1178 Rials, respectively.
H. Naeemipour Younesi; M.M. shariati; A.R. Shahdadi
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of age at first calving (AFC) on 305-d milk production traits (milk, fat and protein yield,)of Holstein cattle in semiarid climate of Iran. Records from 58872 first lactation dairy animals collected by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran between 1996 ...
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This study was carried out to investigate the effect of age at first calving (AFC) on 305-d milk production traits (milk, fat and protein yield,)of Holstein cattle in semiarid climate of Iran. Records from 58872 first lactation dairy animals collected by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran between 1996 to 2011were used. The analysis was performed using mixed procedure in SAS 9.2. Variance components and breeding values were estimated via restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method in a univariate animal model using DMU package. Based on AFC the data were divided in two groups as AFC<=26 mo (group 1) and AFC>26 mo (group 2). The average AFC for all data, group 1 and group 2 were 26.22 (±2.64), 24.5 (±1) and 28.5 (±2.5) mo, respectively. The least squares mean for milk, fat and protein yield were 6616.54 (±22.5), 208.28 (±0.79) and 207 (±1.3) kg for group 1 and 6679.97 (±21.9), 211.5 (±0.77) and 208 (±1.3) kg for group 2, respectively (P<0.01). The correspondent heritabilities were 0.21 (±0.02), 0.16 (±0.01) and 0.18 (±0.02) for group 1 and 0.22 (±0.02), 0.19 (±0.02) and 0.19 (±0.02) for group 2, respectively. The results of this study showed that cows calving at a young age in semiarid climate of Iran can decrease milk, fat and protein yield but can increase genetic and phenotypic trend for milk production traits during their first lactation.
A. Nobakht; M.R. Ghalenoei
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of untreated and urea treated lemon pulp on performance, egg traits and blood parameters of laying hens. In this experiment 192 Hy- line W36 laying hens were used from 35-46 weeks of age in 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 12 hens ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of untreated and urea treated lemon pulp on performance, egg traits and blood parameters of laying hens. In this experiment 192 Hy- line W36 laying hens were used from 35-46 weeks of age in 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 12 hens in each replicate in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups included: 1) control group (without using lemon pulp), 2) group with 4% untreated lemon pulp, 3) group with lemon pulp treated with 0.5% urea, 4) group with lemon pulp treated with 1% urea. The results showed that using lemon pulp and its treating, have significant effects on performance and egg traits of laying hens (P<0.05). In contrary with control group, using untreated lemon pulp improved the performance and egg traits, however the best performance was seen with 4% treated lemon pulp with 0.5% urea. The highest egg weight, egg production percentage, egg mass, feed intake, the best feed conversion ratio, the lowest price for production each kilogram of egg, the highest egg yolk color index, yolk weight and Haugh unit were obtained in this experimental group. Using lemon pulp treated with 1% urea in contrary with treated lemon pulp with 0.5% urea, had adverse effects on performance and egg traits of laying hens. Untreated and urea treated lemon pulp did not have any significant effects on blood parameters of laying hens (P>0.05). The overall results indicated that using 4% of lemon pulp untreated and treated lemon pulp with 0.5% urea, improve the performance and egg traits of laying hens and reduce the production price
B. zangany abandansary; S.M. Karimi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate effective factors onsatisfactionof poultry producers from the implementation of production chain's project (vertical integration) inthe poultry industryin Surrey Township. The required data and statistics are collected through the documentary and field methods ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate effective factors onsatisfactionof poultry producers from the implementation of production chain's project (vertical integration) inthe poultry industryin Surrey Township. The required data and statistics are collected through the documentary and field methods (completing questionnaires by poultry farmers).The total number of 65 farmers were selected as sample through simple random sampling methodUsing the Cochran formula in the year 2014. To analysis the data the SPSS software and the differentiation analysis model has used. The results showed that the variables of distance between the farm and slaughterhouse, risk taking level of the farmer, ownership of the farmer providing units by the buyer of the product on the chain and cooperation of sections in the process of decision making have positive and significant impact on applying the public Integration project. Against, the variables of dealer, retailing or wholesaling of farmer, offering training classes and determining the guaranteed price for buying the units by the government has a negative impact on farmer's satisfaction. Based on the results, it is suggested that, in performing the multilateral project, some management be applied on producing and marketing and because providing all the required facilities for chicken farmer is difficult, some strategies should be taken to support chicken farmers financially who take part in the project.
