Danial Hajilari; mahmoud shams shargh; Omid Ashayerizade
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the effect of various levels of organic and inorganic trace minerals (zinc, copper and manganese) on performance, carcass and tibia characteristics and blood parameters of broiler chickens. 224 one-day old Ross 308 male broilers in a completely randomized design were ...
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A study was conducted to investigate the effect of various levels of organic and inorganic trace minerals (zinc, copper and manganese) on performance, carcass and tibia characteristics and blood parameters of broiler chickens. 224 one-day old Ross 308 male broilers in a completely randomized design were raised until 42 days. 4 experimental treatments were: T1) Inorganic form of Zn, Cu and Mn to 110, 16 and 120 mg, T2) Organic form of Zn, Cu and Mn to 110, 16 and 120 mg, T3) Inorganic form of Zn, Cu and Mn to 55, 8 and 60 mg, T4) Organic form of Zn, Cu and Mn to 55, 8 and 60 mg. Results indicated that organic zinc, copper and manganese supplementation improved (p < 0.05) body weight gain and feed conversion ratio compare to inorganic form of the trace minerals. Moisture content and pH of the litter were not affected by the treatments. However, the incidence and severity of FPD were lower in broilers received organic trace minerals (T2 and T4). Highest Zn and Manganez content in tibia was found for treatments 2 and 4. Moreover, highest blood alkaline phosphatase enzyme and lowest blood cholesterol were also obtained for treatments 2 and 4. . The results showed that organic trace minerals, as alternative to inorganic forms, are useful to improve performance and health of broilers.
samira mirshekar; Mahmoud Shams Shargh; Behrouz Dastar; Aida Mazaheri
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of sesame meal supplemented with phytase enzyme on performance and characteristics of carcass and tibia in Japanese quail, in a completely randomized design with 2 × 3 factorial arrangement containing, two levels of phytase ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of sesame meal supplemented with phytase enzyme on performance and characteristics of carcass and tibia in Japanese quail, in a completely randomized design with 2 × 3 factorial arrangement containing, two levels of phytase enzymes (zero and 0.1 g/Kg in diet) and three levels of sesame meal (zero, 25 and 50%) was employed. Three hundred sixty Japanese quail were allocated to 6 experimental treatments with 4 replicates of 15 quail each. The results showed different levels sesame meal, phytase enzyme and their interaction had no significant effect on weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Percentage of liver were higher in treatment with 25% sesame meal (p < 0.05). Weight, relative weight, volume, percentage of phosphorus and calcium of tibia in treatment with 50% sesame meal were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Inclusion of phytase enzyme led to an increase in percentage of spleen, density, percentage of ash, percentage of calcium and phosphorus of tibia(p < 0.05).Treatment of 50% sesame meal with phytase enzymes had the highest percentage of thigh compared to treatment without sesame meal and without phytase enzymes (p < 0.05). Percentage of phosphorus of tibia in treatments of that 25% and 50% sesame meal with phytase were higher compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). According to the results of this study that 25% and 50% sesame meal can be used in Japanese quail’s diets, without any negative effect on performance, carcass characteristics and tibia characteristics.
tahereh momeneh; mehran torki; loghman soleimani baghsha
Abstract
In ovo injection of vitamin B6 and B12 in fertile eggs subjected to ethanol (EtOH) injection stress on hatchability (first experiment), performance and blood biochemical of broiler chicks (hatched in the first experiment) reared under cold stress condition (second experiment), were evaluated. A number ...
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In ovo injection of vitamin B6 and B12 in fertile eggs subjected to ethanol (EtOH) injection stress on hatchability (first experiment), performance and blood biochemical of broiler chicks (hatched in the first experiment) reared under cold stress condition (second experiment), were evaluated. A number of 510 fertile eggs were incubated. A number of 180 eggs were considered as controls (3 as not-injected, eggshell with a hole and distilled water-injected). A number of 110 eggs were injected with 25 µL of a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of EtOH 47.5%+distilled water. Eggs in two other groups were injected with 25 µL of a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of EtOH 47.5%+100 µL of B6 (n=110), 25 µL of a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of 47.5% EtOH+1000 µL of B12 (n=110). A number of 240 one-day chick (from the first experiment), allocated to the second experiment. Temperature was maintained 12°C from 28 to 42 d of age. Hatchability significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in EtOH-injected group compared to control, but increased in the B6 and B12 injected eggs. The blood levels of triglyceride, VLDL and glucose at 14 day of age (before cold stress) significantly (p < 0.05) increased in EtOH-injected group, but decreased blood levels of triglyceride, VLDL and glucose in EtOH+B6 and EtOH+B12 groups. The blood levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL (at 42d, after cold stress) increased in EtOH group and significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in EtOH+B6 and EtOH+B12 groups.
Vahid Khosravi; Amir Hossein Mahdavi; Hamid reza Rahmani; Ahmad Riasi
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of Zataria multiflora, Salvia officinalis, the mixture of Zataria multiflora and Salvia officinalis as well as probiotic (Protexin®) on egg quality traits, blood biochemical parameters and liver histomorphological changes ...
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The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of Zataria multiflora, Salvia officinalis, the mixture of Zataria multiflora and Salvia officinalis as well as probiotic (Protexin®) on egg quality traits, blood biochemical parameters and liver histomorphological changes in laying hens. A test was performed using 225 Leghorn laying hens, after peak of egg production (42 weeks old), for 10 weeks. The birds were randomly assigned into 9 experimental treatments with 5 replicates and 5 birds in each. Experimental treatments consisted of a control group, 0.2 and 0.4% Zataria multiflora leaf powder, 0.2 and 0.4% Salvia officinalis leaf powder, 0.2 and 0.4 the equal mixture of Zattaria multiflora and Salvia officinalis and 0.005 and 0.01% probiotic (Protexin®). Our results indicated that using 0.4% of Zataria multiflora and Salvia officinalis leaf powder mixture marginally reduced the relative weight of liver (P=0.07), decreased serum activities of SGOT (P=0.08) and SGPT (p < 0.05), and also increased hepatocytes color density (p < 0.05) and HDL concentration (p < 0.05). Feeding 0.4% of the medicinal plants mixture increased eggshell weight, slightly (P=0.06), and enhanced eggshell hardness (p < 0.05), yolk color (p < 0.05), and Haugh unit, significantly (p < 0.05) during the second 35-day experimental period (48-52 weeks of age). Therefore, the present findings suggest that dietary inclusion of 0.4% mixture of powdered herbs of Zattaria multiflora and Salvia officinalis can improve the liver health indices, blood lipid profile and egg quality traits, such as eggshell hardness, yolk color index, and haugh unit compared to other medicinal plants levels or probiotic, markedly.
salimeh torkashvan; Ali asghar Saki
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of in ovo injection and utilization of different levels of licorice extract (LE) (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and colloidal nano silver (CNS) on performance and some blood parameters of broilers during embryonic and growth periods as substitution for Flavomycin®, an experiment ...
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In order to investigate the effect of in ovo injection and utilization of different levels of licorice extract (LE) (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and colloidal nano silver (CNS) on performance and some blood parameters of broilers during embryonic and growth periods as substitution for Flavomycin®, an experiment was conducted using eight hundred Ross-308 Fertilized eggs as factorial with completely randomized design with 10 treatments and 4 replicates of 20 eggs in each.The treatments of in ovo injection stage consisted of LE (0, 100 and 200ppm) and CNS (0, 30 and 60ppm), negative control group (without injection) and positive control group (injection of 0.1ml sterilized distilled water).The treatments of growth period consisted of LE (0, 1 and 2gr/kg) and CNS (0 and 120ppm), treatment containing 450 ppm antibiotic Flacomycin® and two control group from embryonic period.The results showed that the injection of 100ppm LE+ 60ppm CNS significantly increased hatchability percentage(p < 0.01) when compared with groups treated with LE and CNS.The chickens body weight and length after hatch were increased significantly in all treatment especially in treatment containing the highest levels of CNS and LE (p < 0.01).The highest FCR was observed in group treated with 450mg/kg antibiotic Flacomycin® and negative control(p < 0.01) and the lowest FCR was observed in treatment containing 120 mg/kg CNS and treatment containing 2gr/kg LE+ 120mg/kg CNS(p < 0.01).The HDL concentration was increased by treatment containing 100ppm LE(p < 0/05).Generally, licorice and colloidal nano silver could improve performance and carcass characters via upgrade physical conditions of chicken and can be considered as a substitute for antibiotic Flavomycin®.
Javad Habibizad; Ahmad Riasi; Hamid Kohram
Abstract
Effect of short-term feeding high energy diet along with eCG and hCG injection on follicular dynamics, blood metabolites, double ovulation and twinning rates in Naeini ewes was evaluated. For this purpose, 45 Naeini ewes (3-4 years old) were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups: 1- Maintenance ...
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Effect of short-term feeding high energy diet along with eCG and hCG injection on follicular dynamics, blood metabolites, double ovulation and twinning rates in Naeini ewes was evaluated. For this purpose, 45 Naeini ewes (3-4 years old) were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups: 1- Maintenance diet + eCG (Me), 2- Short-term high energy diet + eCG (HEe) and 3- Short-term high-energy diet + eCG and hCG (HEeh). All ewes were synchronized by inserting intravaginal progesterone sponges for a period of 12 days during the breeding season. The short-term feeding was started 4 d before until 1 d after sponge removal (for a 6 d period). The eCG injection was done 1 d before sponge removal and hCG injection was done on the day of sponge removal and 1 d later. Results showed that regardless of the kind of hormone injection, feeding high energy diet increased (p < 0.05) the medium and large follicles population. The HEe and HEeh groups had higher (p < 0.05) serum glucose, cholesterol and insulin, but lower (p < 0.05) serum urea nitrogen compared with Me group. In HEe and HEeh groups, (p < 0.05) serum oestradiol decreased before sponge removal and increased (p < 0.05) after that. The HEeh ewes had highest (p < 0.05) twinning rate (42.9%). In general, short-term feeding (6-day) high energy diet along with chorionic gonadotropins injection improved the follicular development, blood parameters and reproductive performance in Naeini ewes.
Babak asadi; Seyed Abdoulah hosseini; MOhammad Reza Solimani; amir hosseini Alizadeh; Ramin Aliverdi
Abstract
.This study was undertaken to investigate of effects of additive containing probiotic Protexin (100 g/ton), vitamin C (300mg/ kg), and betaine (1kg/ton) in three commercial broiler strains on growth performance under heat stress condition. This study was conducted in 2×3 factorial arrangement consisting ...
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.This study was undertaken to investigate of effects of additive containing probiotic Protexin (100 g/ton), vitamin C (300mg/ kg), and betaine (1kg/ton) in three commercial broiler strains on growth performance under heat stress condition. This study was conducted in 2×3 factorial arrangement consisting 2 levels of additive (with and without) and three strains (Arbor Acres, Cobb 500, and Ross 308) with 6 treatments, 4 replicates and 30 birds in each replicate. Birds were reared under thermoneutral conditions (23 °C) until day 21. Then they exposed to heat stress (37 °C) 8 hours/day from day 21 to 42. Multiple attribute decision making method was used to select best strain and decision about using this additive under heat stress. Based on scoring by this method, Ross 308, Cobb 500, and Arbor Acres obtained these scores respectively: 0.8587, 0.7595 and 0.6884. Arbor Acres, Cobb 500, and Ross 308 chicks not received additive, respectively showed poorest performance under heat stress. Based on the results, additive containing probiotic, vitamin C, and betaine can be advised as a solution to alleviate negative effect of heat stress on performance of commercial broiler strains
Mir Hossein Najafi; Saeed Zeinoaldini; abolfazl zali; Mahdi Ganjkhanlou
Abstract
The aim was to determine the effect of different dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid (FA) ratio during the postpartum period on plasma haptoglobin, metabolic profile, and insulin resistance in Holstein dairy cows. 24 multiparous cows were randomly assigned to three treatments with a ratio of omega-6 fatty acids ...
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The aim was to determine the effect of different dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid (FA) ratio during the postpartum period on plasma haptoglobin, metabolic profile, and insulin resistance in Holstein dairy cows. 24 multiparous cows were randomly assigned to three treatments with a ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3: 2.5 to 1 (low ratio); 4.5 to 1 (average ratio); and 6.5 to 1 (high ratio) were distributed. Blood samples were collected on d 7, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 postpartum to determine blood metabolites and haptoglobin concentrations. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests and insulin challenges were performed on d 28 and 42 of experiment. Plasma concentrations of haptoglobin were significantly higher in the cows fed with high ratio than the other two treatments. The 42-day postpartum results of insulin challenge test indicates that the change in the ratio of fatty acids to moderate treatment causes an increase in the clearance rate and a decrease in the area under the curve of the insulin. The results of this study indicate that the moderate ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in dairy cows decreases insulin resistance by reducing inflammatory factors.
Azar Rashedi Dehsahraei; Jamal Fayazi; Rostam Abdollahi; Julius Van Der Werf
Abstract
Since SNP markers in genomic selection spread across the genome, they may potentially explain all of genetic variation. In this study, genotype data from Suffolk sheep, genotyped by 50k Illumina SNP chip were used. Birth weight and weaning weight traits were studied in this research. Quality control ...
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Since SNP markers in genomic selection spread across the genome, they may potentially explain all of genetic variation. In this study, genotype data from Suffolk sheep, genotyped by 50k Illumina SNP chip were used. Birth weight and weaning weight traits were studied in this research. Quality control for minor allele frequency at two thresholds, one and five percent were studied. To study the association between allele frequency spectrum and captured additive genetic variance, all SNPs were partitioned in five MAF bins with the equal numbers of SNPs. The analysis were performed using GREML approach via GCTA method. Using all SNPs with MAF>0.01 estimates of genomic heritability were 0.45 and 0.19 for birth weight and weaning weight, respectively. For MAF>0.05 these values were 0.42 and 0.18 respectively. The contribution of different groups of SNPs with rare allele frequency in justifying genetic variation for the two traits was different. In general, a significant portion of the genetic variance was explained by SNPs with a MAF
yousef Naderi
Abstract
The objective of current study was to investigate the role of disease prevalence rate of training set and genomic architecture on performance of random forest (RF) and threshold Bayes A (BTA) in threshold traits. For this purpose, genomic population were simulated to reflect variations in heritability ...
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The objective of current study was to investigate the role of disease prevalence rate of training set and genomic architecture on performance of random forest (RF) and threshold Bayes A (BTA) in threshold traits. For this purpose, genomic population were simulated to reflect variations in heritability (0.05 and 0.25), number of QTL (150 and 600) and linkage disequilibrium (low and high) for 30 chromosomes. To create binary phenotype with different disease prevalence rate, at first, 5 percent of training set animals which had the lowest phenotype average defined code 1 (or diseased) and 95 percent of others defined code 0 (or healthy). This process continued with a 5% increase rate until 50 percent of animals had code 1 in training set. In both random forest and Bayes A methods, genomic accuracy with increase in disease prevalence rate 5 to 20 percent was increased, and afterwards to achieve of 50 percent was decreased. The negative effect of high levels of disease prevalence rate on genomic accuracy was higher than low levels of it. Overall, RF was fluctuation to variations of genetic architecture and disease prevalence rate. Despite the higher accuracy of TBA at different scenarios, RF showed a better performance when high-heritability traits were controlled by a large number of QTLs. Despite the important role of genetic basis of the population analyzed, the best method to predict genomic breeding value of threshold traits depend on disease prevalence rate.
Najmeh Kargar
Abstract
Separation of autosomal and sex-linked direct additive genetic effects has a high importance in breeding programs and very little is known about them. This study was conducted to determine the autosomal and sex-linked additive genetic effects on some economic traits in Kermani sheep. Traits were included ...
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Separation of autosomal and sex-linked direct additive genetic effects has a high importance in breeding programs and very little is known about them. This study was conducted to determine the autosomal and sex-linked additive genetic effects on some economic traits in Kermani sheep. Traits were included birth weight (BW), 3 month weight (W3), 6 month weight (W6), 9 month weight (W9) ,12 month weight (W12), daily gain before weaning (ADGa), daily gain from weaning to 6 month weight (ADGb), daily gain from 6 month weight to 12 month weight (ADGc), kleiber ratio before 3 month weight (KRa), kleiber ratio for 6 month weight (KRb), kleiber ratio for 12 month weight (KRc) and fleece weight(FW) that data collected from 1993 to 2012 by the Kermani Breeding Station. Variance components were estimated by Average Information algorithm of Restricted Maximum Likelihood using Wombat software. Direct autosomal heritability estimates for BW, W3, W6, W9, W12, ADGa, ADGb, ADGc, KRa, KRb, KRc and FW were 0.05± 0.04, 0.26± 0.02, 0.33± 0.02, 0.05± 0.03, 0.23± 0.05, 0.15± 0.02, 0.27± 0.03, 0.18± 0.02, 0.08± 0.03, 0.24± 0.02, 0.04± 0.03 and 0.15± 0.07 respectively. Sex-linked direct heritability estimates for these traits were between 0.01 to 0.03. The findings showed that sex-linked genes possibly have negligible and close to zero additive genetic effects on body weights and yearly fleece weight.
reza seyedsharifi; maryam mosavi; Nemat Hedayat Evrigh; jamal seifdavati; hossien abdi benemar
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the removal rate under the optimal alternative milking strategy for different production and health conditions in dairy cattle of Ardabil province. One of the most important management decisions that affect livestock production is the timely replacement of dairy ...
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The purpose of this study was to determine the removal rate under the optimal alternative milking strategy for different production and health conditions in dairy cattle of Ardabil province. One of the most important management decisions that affect livestock production is the timely replacement of dairy cattle with young heifers. Using the system analysis method, the economic system of the dairy cattle was split into income and cost components and each of these components was subdivided into other parts. Then, using the existing models and using the Compecon Combinator tool kit, Matlab programming language was used to simulate a bioeconomic model. The objective function was to maximize the net present value of the livestock in a planning horizon with 10 lactation periods. Dairy cattle were defined by state variables including lactation period, milk production capacity, and different mastopathic outbreaks..In each stage, dairy cattle were classified by state variables including production capacity in 3 levels (low production, moderate and high production), and health status in 3 levels (non-disease, treatable disease, and disease that eliminated livestock). he results of the model analysis showed that the maintenance of dairy cows up to the sixth stomach and the average cows production until the fourth stomach is economically justified and the maintenance of low production cows is not recommended.
meysam latifi; A. Rashidi; Rostam Abdollahi-Arpanahi; Mohammad Razmkabir
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate traditional, genomic, gene-assisted traditional selection and gene-assisted genomic selection methods for introgression a major gene in sheep population to improve the litter size trait using computer simulation. In this regard, a trait with heritability of 0.1, ...
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate traditional, genomic, gene-assisted traditional selection and gene-assisted genomic selection methods for introgression a major gene in sheep population to improve the litter size trait using computer simulation. In this regard, a trait with heritability of 0.1, including two chromosomes each with a length of 100 cM, was simulated. On chromosome 1, a single QTL as the major gene was created that accounted for 40% of the total genetic variance. This QTL was located in the position of 25.7 cM. In breed A and B, animals were selected based for favorable and unfavorable to create two breeds that has been fixed for opposite alleles. Using the gene introgression approach, the favorable allele in breed A was insert to breed B and the new population was evaluated for genetic gain, accuracy of evaluation, frequencies of favorable allele and inbreeding rate. After five backcrossing generations, genetic gain in GasGenomic and Genomic methods was 26 and 62 percent higher than GasClassic and Classic methods, respectively. The frequency of favorable allele after five generations in Classic, Genomic, GasClassic and GasClassic was 0.387, 0.778, 0.965 and 0.975, respectively. The results of this study showed that if the goal is only introgression a major gene into an indigenous breed, by using gene-assisted classic selection, the frequency of a major gene can also be increased as much as obtain by the gene-assisted genomic selection.
Rasoul Loghmanpour zarini; Hassan Nabipour afrouzi; Pirouz Shakeri
Abstract
The poultry industry is very important in terms of supplying a significant portion of the country's food and protein needs. In this research, the energy consumption of broiler chickens has been evaluated. For this purpose, information was collected from 45 broiler chicken producers randomly collected ...
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The poultry industry is very important in terms of supplying a significant portion of the country's food and protein needs. In this research, the energy consumption of broiler chickens has been evaluated. For this purpose, information was collected from 45 broiler chicken producers randomly collected in Mazandaran province. In this study, energy consumption and energy indices were calculated first and then, using artificial neural network, output energy modeling was considered as a function. The results of this study showed that total input and output energy in broiler chicken meat production was 153.79 and 27.45 GJ per 1000, respectively. In broiler chickens, the highest inputs were consumed with 61.48%. The energy ratio in the production of this product was also calculated to be 0.18. The artificial neural network results showed that the best structure for estimating the energy consumption of broiler chicken meat was estimated to be 5-12-1. The coefficient of explanation for the best structure for broiler chicken production was 0.99 for training data. Therefore, this model was selected as the best method for estimating the output energy based on input energy in the study area. In assessing the effectiveness of inputs on the outputs, the fossil fuel showed the highest sensitivity among the production inputs that reveals the needs for revision of the energy resources more than ever.
Fatemeh Mohammadpour; Hassan Darmani kuhi; Ardeshir Mohit; Mohammad Mahdi Sohani
Abstract
In this experiment, a total of 360 one day-old female Ross 308 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement were allocated to 6 dietary treatments, each replicated five times with 12 birds per replicate. The included factors were two levels of green tea extract ...
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In this experiment, a total of 360 one day-old female Ross 308 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement were allocated to 6 dietary treatments, each replicated five times with 12 birds per replicate. The included factors were two levels of green tea extract (GTE, 0 and 500 mg/kg diet) and three type of diets: 1- diet without dietary fat, 2- diet supplemented with soybean oil (SO) and 3- diet supplemented with Tallow (Ta). Use of GTE did not affect intestine microbial populations, intramuscular fat, oxidative stability of mat and performance in broiler chicken (p>0.05). Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of chicks fed diet supplemented with SO or Ta was improved compared to the diets without fat (p < 0.05). Use of SO compared to Ta and diets without fat led to higher and lower abdominal fat and carcass yield, respectively (p < 0.05). GTE supplementation in diets high in fat was effective in decreasing abdominal fat percentage (p < 0.05). The broilers that received green tea extract and soybean oil had a higher lactobacillus populations than those fed GTE with Ta (p < 0.05). Dietary SO led to significantly greater intramuscular fat and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values in thigh meat (p < 0.05). Based on the findings of this study, despite the improvement in gut microbial populations and carcass fat content by GTE addition in diets high in un/saturated fats, its effect on intramuscular fat contents and muscle antioxidant capacity was not significant (p>0.05).
Mansoureh Abdolmaleki; Ali asghar Saki; Mohammad yousef Alikhani
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 in broiler chickens. A total of 480 1-d-old broiler Ross 308 (male and female) were completely randomized disgine with a 2× 2 × 2 factorial arrangements (sex and feed additives) ...
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A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 in broiler chickens. A total of 480 1-d-old broiler Ross 308 (male and female) were completely randomized disgine with a 2× 2 × 2 factorial arrangements (sex and feed additives) with 4 replicates of 15 birds. Factors includes sex (male and female); probiotic (control, 108 cfu/mL B. amyloliquefaciens); aflatoxin (control, 500 AFB1 µg/kg), Performance, the activity of liver enzymes, immune and some blood parameters were not affected by sex (p> 0.05). Body weight and feed intake of aflatoxin B1 group were significantly decreased compared other (p < 0.05). There was no significantly drffenece in feed conversion ratio compared with other groups during total period (p>0.05). Activity of liver enzymes including aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly increased in aflatoxin B1 group (p < 0.05). The counts of red blood cells and withe blood cells, hematocrite and hemoglobin percentages were significantly decreased in aflatoxin B1 group compared with other (p < 0.05). The aflatoxin B1 group has shown the lowest of antibody production against newcastle disease and sheep blood red cell also, the lowest of skin thickness in responding to phytohaemagglutinin (p < 0.05).In conclusion, the supplementation of B. amyloliquefaciens to contaminated food could be improved performance and increased the activity of liver enzyme and immune response in broilers.
