Animal and poultry nutrition
Reza Naseri Harsini; Farokh Kafilzadeh
Abstract
Sixteen male Morkhoz kids (13.2±1.6 kg live body weight, 3 months old) were used to evaluate the effects of a commercial bacterial probiotic supplement on growth performance, meat quality attributes and fatty acid composition of muscles. Kids were randomly distributed between two treatments and ...
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Sixteen male Morkhoz kids (13.2±1.6 kg live body weight, 3 months old) were used to evaluate the effects of a commercial bacterial probiotic supplement on growth performance, meat quality attributes and fatty acid composition of muscles. Kids were randomly distributed between two treatments and were fed ad libitum for 119 days before slaughter. The Primalak probiotic was fed daily and before the first meal in the amount of two grams to each goat in the respective treatment. Growth performance and dressing percentage were not affected by bacterial probiotic feeding; Although subcutaneous fat depth decreased in response to probiotic consumption (P<0.05). Among the assessed physical meat quality attributes, including pHu, drip loss, water holding capacity, cooking loss, arner bratzler shear force, and meat colour indices, only the values of L* index for semimembranosus and a* index for longissimus thoracis muscle (P<0.05) were affected when bacterial probiotic was fed. Addition of probiotic to the diet had minor effects on proximate composition and fatty acids composition of muscles. In conclusion, the bacterial multi-strain probiotic used in the current experiment didn’t make a significant change in goat’s performance and most aspects of meat quality.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Yousef Sarhangi; Ghorban Elyasi Zarringhabaie; Alireza Imani; Mohamad Vali Alipour; Mohamadreza Sattari
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of dry sugar beet pulp on the performance of native geese, an experiment was conducted in completely randomized design in 5 treatments and 3 replications, 10 of male and female gosling in each replication. Five dietary treatments included the control group and diets ...
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In order to investigate the effect of dry sugar beet pulp on the performance of native geese, an experiment was conducted in completely randomized design in 5 treatments and 3 replications, 10 of male and female gosling in each replication. Five dietary treatments included the control group and diets with 5, 7, 10 and 15 percent of sugar beet pulp. During the breeding period, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were evaluated weekly. At the end of the experiment, two geese, one male and one female, were randomly selected from each replicate and killed for carcass traits. The results showed that in consecutive weeks, treats with different levels of sugar beet pulp had the highest average weight gain compare to control group (P<0.05). The treatments containing different levels of sugar beet pulp did not show any significant difference with the control group in terms of feed conversion ratio except for the 1-7 day breeding period. Using of sugar beet pulp reduced the weight percentage of thighs and increased the weight percentage of gut and viscera (P<0.05). The highest weight percentage of the carcass and the lowest weight percentage of gut and viscera were observed in the control group (P≤0.05). Also, the lowest weight percentage of back and neck is observed in the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, considering of feed cost per kilogram of meat and the better performance of the bird, the use of sugar beet pulp up to 15% in the rations of geese is suggested.
Animal and poultry nutrition
kambiz kamgar; Shahab Ghazi; Amirali Sadeghi; Alireza Abdolmohammadi
Abstract
In the current study, the effects of quinoa seed processing on performance, egg quality traits, antioxidant status and intestinal morphology of 240 laying quails by six treatments including: corn-soybean meal based diet, diet containing 10% raw quinoa seeds, diet containing 10% quinoa seeds soaked in ...
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In the current study, the effects of quinoa seed processing on performance, egg quality traits, antioxidant status and intestinal morphology of 240 laying quails by six treatments including: corn-soybean meal based diet, diet containing 10% raw quinoa seeds, diet containing 10% quinoa seeds soaked in 40ºC water, diet containing 10% quinoa seeds soaked in 1% acetic acid solution, diet containing 10% quinoa seeds soaked in 1% sodium bicarbonate solution, diet containing 10% raw quinoa seeds supplemented with 0.05% Rovabio multi-enzyme in five replications and eight birds per replication, were conducted in a completely randomized design. The raw quinoa seeds feeding decreased egg production, egg weight, egg mass, shell weight, white index, haugh unit, SOD enzyme activity and villus height compared to the control group (p<0.05). All methods of quinoa seeds processing and diet containing raw quinoa seeds supplemented with multi-enzyme caused a significant increase (p<0.05) in egg production, egg weight, egg mass, specific gravity, shell thickness, shell weight, white index and haugh unit compared to the raw seed group. Feeding acetic acid-treated quinoa seeds significantly increased egg production, egg mass, haugh unit, CAT enzyme activity, villus height and the villus height to crypt depth ratio compared to the raw seed and control groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, Soaking quinoa seeds in 1% acetic acid solution by ratio of 1:5 during 24 hours was the best treating method.
Animal and poultry nutrition
sara saeidi garaghani; moslem Bashtani; Pirouz Shakeri; Hossein Naeimipour Younesi
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different levels of a type of mineral biochar obtained from Kohbanan mine in Kerman on the performance, digestibility, blood parameters and ruminal fermentation of suckling Holstein calves in an industrial cattle farm. For this ...
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This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different levels of a type of mineral biochar obtained from Kohbanan mine in Kerman on the performance, digestibility, blood parameters and ruminal fermentation of suckling Holstein calves in an industrial cattle farm. For this purpose, 35 Holstein calves with an average weight of 48.88 ± 4.87 were used in a completely random design in five treatments and seven replications.The experimental rations include: 1) milk and starter feed (basal ration), 2) basal diet with 10 g of mineral biochar mixed in the starter feed, 3) basal diet with 10 g of mineral biochar dissolved in milk, 4) basal diet with 20 g of mineral biochar mixed in the initial feed, 5) basal diet with 20 g of mineral biochar dissolved in milk. Consumption of 20 grams of biochar in the initial feed increased the daily weight and improved the average feed conversion coefficient . The highest amount of blood glucose and albumin concentrations was related to calves fed with 20 g of biochar in the initial feed. Calves consuming 10 and 20 g of biochar in the starter feed had the highest apparent digestibility of nutrients. Calves fed with 20 g of biochar in the initial feed had higher rumen pH than the other calves. Therefore, the addition of 20 g mineral biochar to the starter diet of Holstein calves is recommended because of its positive effects on performance, digestibility blood parameters and rumen fermentation.
Animal and poultry biotechnology and microbiology
Sajjad Mahmoudi; jafar mohamadian mosaabadi; rassoul khalilzadeh; seyed morteza robatjazi; farshid rezaie
Abstract
Microbial protein is used in animal and poultry feed. This protein is produced using microorganisms and different carbon sources such as methanol and methane. In this study, Methylophilus methylotrophus bacteria were cultivated in erlen and fermentor using methanol as a carbon source. The specific growth ...
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Microbial protein is used in animal and poultry feed. This protein is produced using microorganisms and different carbon sources such as methanol and methane. In this study, Methylophilus methylotrophus bacteria were cultivated in erlen and fermentor using methanol as a carbon source. The specific growth rate of bacteria was 0.0312 h-1 in erlen and 0.0047 h-1 in fermenter. After cultivation, the biomass was separated at optical density of 3.8 using a centrifuge at 7000 rpm, and qualitative and quantitative tests of microbial protein were performed on pellet. Amino acid profile, fatty acid profile, nitrogen content and crude protein were determined using high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and Kjeldahl method, respectively. The results show that the amount of crude protein was 73.5%. The amount of ash was 29.8% and the total of essential to non-essential amino acids (including lysine, histidine, arginine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, methionine and threonine) was 37.3% for the produced product. The amount of two non-essential amino acids, cysteine and tyrosine, was higher than the FAO standard and was 2.38% and 3.21%, respectively. The ratio of palmitic acid to the total fat of the product is 24.6% (w/w) and the ratio of linoleic acid and linolenic acid as unsaturated fatty acids is 9.2 and 2.3% (w/w) to the total fat of the product, respectively. The results obtained from this research showed that the product with a protein content of 73.5% seems an appropriate candidate for animal feed.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Abdolhakim Toghdory; Taghi Ghoorchi; mohammad asadi; Kamel Amozadeh Araee; mustafa Alipour
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with corn germ meal in diet on feed intake, rumen parameters and blood metabolites of Atabai fattening lambs. Thirty lambs (with an average weight of 32±2.7 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 repetitions. ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with corn germ meal in diet on feed intake, rumen parameters and blood metabolites of Atabai fattening lambs. Thirty lambs (with an average weight of 32±2.7 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 repetitions. The lambs of the control group were fed with the feed without corn germ meal. Other groups were fed by replacing 50% and 100% of soybean meal with corn germ meal in the diet for 84 days. Results showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental treatments in the final weight of lambs and dry matter intake (P>0.05). No significant difference was observed in protozoa population, pH and volatile fatty acids among different treatments (P>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in rumen ammonia nitrogen during fasting and six hours after morning feeding (P>0.05). However, rumen ammonia nitrogen increased 3 hours after morning feeding (P<0.05). Among the different treatments, there was no significant difference in blood glucose, cholesterol, globulin, albumin-globulin ratio (P>0.05), but replacing soybean meal with corn sprout meal increased the concentration of triglyceride, urea, total proin, and high-density lipoprotein. Low and very low density lipoprotein and decrease of lipoprotein increased with density (P<0.05). In general, corn germ meal can be completely replaced with soybean meal without affecting the health and production of fattening lambs.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Mohammad Jalil Jasem; Shahab Ghazi; Soudabeh Moradi; reza Abdollahi
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to measure the ileal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) digestibility, and total tract retention (TTR) of Ca and P in soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM), limestone, monocalcium phosphate (MCP), and dicalcium phosphate (DCP)) for growing pullets using the direct method. Five ...
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The experiment was conducted to measure the ileal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) digestibility, and total tract retention (TTR) of Ca and P in soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM), limestone, monocalcium phosphate (MCP), and dicalcium phosphate (DCP)) for growing pullets using the direct method. Five semi-purified diets containing limestone, DCP, and MCP with a dietary Ca concentration of 10 g/kg, SBM and CM with a dietary Ca concentration of 1.9 and 2.5 g/kg, respectively, were generated. Each diet was randomly allotted to six replicates (eight birds per each) and fed for 3 days. True Ca digestibility coefficients of DCP, MCP, and limestone were determined to be 0.55, 0.57, and 0.76, respectively and in SBM and CM were 0.91 and 0.76, respectively. The highest true ileal digestibility of calcium was related to soybean meal, which was significantly higher than dicalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate (P<0.01). Calcium concentration in the gizzard contents of birds was higher (P < 0.01) for limestone as compared to DCP, MCP and SBM. Apparent ileal P digestibility coefficients of MCP and DCP (0.83 and 0.93, respectively), was higher than CM (P<0.01). Whereas, the TTR of phosphorus in monocalcium phosphate (0.905) was significantly higher than the other examined ingredients. The present data indicated that in laying pullets on wk 12, true Ca digestibility in limestone, SBM and CM was higher than DCP and MCP, wherease, digestibility coefficinets of P in DCP and MCP was similar and higher than other studied sources,.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Mahdi Nikbakhti; mosafa yousef elahi; Hasan Fazaeli; yadollah chashnidel; mohammad reza dehdgani; kamal Shojaian
Abstract
Whole plant barley and triticale were chopped and ensiled separately. After three months, half of each silage was mixed with the roughage and concentrated and prepared in 30 kg packed silages. Four rations including: 1) TMR based on barley silage, 2) TMR base on triticale silage, 3) TMR silage based ...
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Whole plant barley and triticale were chopped and ensiled separately. After three months, half of each silage was mixed with the roughage and concentrated and prepared in 30 kg packed silages. Four rations including: 1) TMR based on barley silage, 2) TMR base on triticale silage, 3) TMR silage based on barley silage 4) TMR silage based on triticale silage were prepared. In a completely randomized experiment 64 male Zel lambs of about four months age and 20.8 kg average body weight, using in a completely randomised experiment with four treatments and for replicates. During 84 days experimental period, daily feed intake was recorded and body wieht changes was recorded three weeks interwals. Daily weight gain of lambs fed ration 3 was significantly (P<0.05) higher (147 grams), than those fed ration 1 and 2 (147g vs. 108 and 130 g). The highest amount of daily dry matter intake was observed in lambs fed ration 3 (1213 grams) but the lowest amount in lambs fed ration 1 (1213 vs. 937 g) (P=0.03). Feed conversion ratio was improved in lambs received diet comparing to the other treatments (P=0.03). The average carcass wieght was increased (15.3 vs 13.6 and 12.7 kg) in lambs fed diet 3 comparing to the diet 1 and 2 (P<0.05). Lambs fed diet 4 had more abdominal fat than those fed diet 2 (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the use of total mixed silge based on the barley and triticale may improved the fattening performance of lambs.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Yaser Rahimian; Farshid Kheiri; Mostafa Faghani
Abstract
To determine the effect of dietary vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone on performance, blood biochemicals, liver enzyme activates, eggs quantitative and qualitative traits and egg fatty acids contents, two hundred and ten female quails at (35-85 day olds) were used. The treatments whereas as control ...
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To determine the effect of dietary vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone on performance, blood biochemicals, liver enzyme activates, eggs quantitative and qualitative traits and egg fatty acids contents, two hundred and ten female quails at (35-85 day olds) were used. The treatments whereas as control group and supplementation of vitamin E, thymoquinone and sesamin at levels of 100 and 200 mg per kg of quail’s diet. Data showed that feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not influenced under dietary treatments (p≥0.05). Under the influnces of vitamin E, thymoquinone and sesamin, the serum cholesterol and LDL decreased and HDL increased significantly (p≤0.05). Liver enzyme activites of albumen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were decreased (p≤0.05). Increase WBC and decreased heterophils to lymphocytes ratio were observed (p≤0.05). Use of experimental diets lead to increase egg production and egg mass, egg egg yolk and haugh unit index and decrease egg white weight and TBA content instead (p≤0.05). Palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, alphalinoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid contents increased, and linoleic acid, gamma linoleic acid and arachidonic acid decreased (p≤0.05). Overally, according to the result of the current study it seems that use of vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone at level of 100 and 200 mg/kg may have beneficial effect on performance, blood biochemical and quantitative and qualitative traits of egg in laying Japanese quails.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Hoshang Jafari; poorya Dadvar; Saifali varmaghany
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary artichoke level on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and plasma parameters in fattening male lambs. Twenty-four Kurdish lambs (30.18 ± 2.35 kg BW and 7 months age) were used in a completely randomized design. Experimental ...
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The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary artichoke level on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and plasma parameters in fattening male lambs. Twenty-four Kurdish lambs (30.18 ± 2.35 kg BW and 7 months age) were used in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were diet containing 0% artichoke (control), diets containing 10 and 20% artichoke respectively. The experiment was lasted for 100 days including 20 days for adaptation period and 80 days for data recording and samples collection. Results showed that lambs fed diet containing artichoke had greater average daily gain and feed efficiency compared to the control group (P<0.05). Digestibility of dry matter (P=0.09), organic matter (P=0.09) and crude protein (P=0.10) tended to increase linearly with increasing artichoke level in the diet, whereas digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was not affected by artichoke level in the diet. Lambs fed diets containing artichoke had lower blood urea concentration compared to those fed control diet (P<0.05), but plasma glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not affected by the experimental diets. It is concluded that feeding artichoke up to 20% of total mixed ration not only had no negative effect on feed intake and nutrients digestibility but also improved growth performance of fattening lambs.
