Shirzad Mahmoodi; Younes Ali Alijoo; rasoul pirmohammadi; Behzad Asadnezhad
Abstract
To investigate the effect of supplementing Anise seed powder (pimpinella anisum) with a diet containing corn and barley on milk yield and composition, and some rumen metabolites of Ghezel ewes during the transition period, of 28 pregnant ewes with an average age of 3 Year and mean weight 65± 3 ...
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To investigate the effect of supplementing Anise seed powder (pimpinella anisum) with a diet containing corn and barley on milk yield and composition, and some rumen metabolites of Ghezel ewes during the transition period, of 28 pregnant ewes with an average age of 3 Year and mean weight 65± 3 kg and 30±10 days before calving were studied in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design of four groups with 7 replications for two months. Experimental treatments included: corn-based diet, corn-based diet with 8 grams of Anise seed powder, barley-based diet, and barley -based diet with 8 grams of Anise seed powder. The conditions for raising livestock were the same, and the ewes were fed twice in the morning and in the evening. The results showed that adding anise increased feed intake in the postpartum period. Milk production increased in the treatment of corn with anise and also barley with anise and the interaction was significant. Fat digestibility increased in anise-free corn and anise-free barley-consuming treatments, but the interaction was not significant. Total volatile fatty acids were not affected by experimental treatments. Rumen protozoan population decreased significantly with the addition of anise in the diet and ruminal pH showed a significant decrease in the treatment of anise and barley grains. In general, it can be concluded that adding anise to the diet of Ghezel ewes can improve performance and reduce the negative energy balance of the animal in early lactation.
Seyyed Babak Asadi; ALIREZA AGHASHAHI; Jafar Fakhrei; seyed abdollah hosseini; Hossein mansouri yarahmadi
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of dietary inclusion of ASRI1 and ASRI2 commercial toxin binders and probiotic on performance, immunity, and intestinal microbial population of broiler chickens fed with aflatoxin-contaminated diets. A total number of 420 1-d-old broiler chicks with ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of dietary inclusion of ASRI1 and ASRI2 commercial toxin binders and probiotic on performance, immunity, and intestinal microbial population of broiler chickens fed with aflatoxin-contaminated diets. A total number of 420 1-d-old broiler chicks with initial weight of 42±3, were assigned to 7 treatments with 5 replications (n=12). Experimental treatments included 1) non-aflatoxin contaminated diets (NC), 2) aflatoxin-contaminated diet (PC), 3) PC diet containing probiotic, 4) PC diet containing ASRI1 toxin binder, 5) PC diet containing ASRI2 toxin binder, 6) PC diet containing probiotic+ASRI1 toxin binder, and 7) PC diet containing probiotic+ASRI2 toxin binder. Performance, absorption index, intestinal microbial population, immunity index and survivability percentage were recorded and used as indexes for the comparison of the treatments. Multi-index decision management method was used to select the best treatment and decision about probiotic and toxin binder use. Based on the scoring obtained by this method, treatments of 1, 7, 6, 5, 3, 4 and 2 obtained the scores of 0.6264, 0.55674, 0.5118, 0.4171, 0.22244 and 0.0221, respectively. Based on Multi-index decision management method method, weight gain and production index had most role and the best response was observed in broiler chicks fed with probiotic and toxin binder (ASRI2). Therefore, a combination of probiotic and toxin binder (ASRI2) is recommended as a strategy for improving productive and performance traits of broiler chicks infected with aflatoxin
mohamadreza azizi; sayyedroohollah ebrahimimahmoudabad; Amir Fattah
Abstract
The objective of this study was completed to evaluate the effects of electron beam irradiation (EBI) at doses of 20 and 40 kGy and infrared irradiation (IR) for 90 and 120 second on ruminal degradation of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP), and Metabolizable protein (MP) of safflower meal (SM) by ...
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The objective of this study was completed to evaluate the effects of electron beam irradiation (EBI) at doses of 20 and 40 kGy and infrared irradiation (IR) for 90 and 120 second on ruminal degradation of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP), and Metabolizable protein (MP) of safflower meal (SM) by nylon bags technique. Three ruminally fistulated Dashtyari cows with an average live weight of 297±10 kg were used. The result of experiment showed that chemical composition of SM was affected by radiations(P<0.01). EBI and IR increased rapidly degradable fraction (a) and slowely degradation fraction (b) of DM and CP (P<0.01). Effective degradability of DM and CP was increased by EBI and IR compared to untreated SM. IR increased rumen undegradable protein (RUP) at ruminal outflow rate 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08/h. The highest values of MP was observed by irradiation of SM with IR for 120 seconds (P<0.01). According to results of this study, irradiation of SM with IR for 120 seconds relative to other treatments had better effect on increasing of RUP and MP and improving of quality of safflower meal.
Reza aghaeipoor; mohammad mahdi sharifi hosseini; Reza Tahmasbi; Omid Dayani
Abstract
In order to compare the effect of corn, sorghum and millet silages in experimental diets on nutrient intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters, six two-year-old male Rainy goats were used with an average weight of 37±6.5 in a 3×3 Latin square design. Dry matter and other nutrients intake ...
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In order to compare the effect of corn, sorghum and millet silages in experimental diets on nutrient intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters, six two-year-old male Rainy goats were used with an average weight of 37±6.5 in a 3×3 Latin square design. Dry matter and other nutrients intake was higher in corn silage diet than the other two experimental diets and in sorghum silage diet was higher than millet silage diet (P<0.05). The organic of matter digestibility was higher in corn silage than millet silage diet (P<0.05). The rumen NH3-N concentration in corn silage diet was higher than millet silage diet at two, four, six and eight hours after feeding (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between diets containing corn silage and sorghum silage at any time. The ruminal pH in sorghum silage was lower than the other two experimental diets at Eight hours after feed intake (P<0.05). The population of Holotrich, Cellolytic, entodinium protozoa and the total population of protozoa were higher in corn silage than sorghum silage diet and in sorghum silage diet were higher than the diet millet silage diet (P<0.05). The type of silages in the experimental diets had no significant effect on the production of ruminal microbial protein. But the production of valeric and isovaleric acid was higher in the millet silage diet than the sorghum silage diet (P<0.05). The experimental results showed a better quality of corn silage, but water shortages and recent droughts make it necessary to plant fodder with lower water consumption.
H. Fazaeli; E. Baghjari; A. Sarmadi; J. Taheri pour
Abstract
Fresh orange pulp (FCP) mixed with wheat straw (WS) 79:20 plus 0.7% urea, 0.1% diammonium sulfate (DAMS) and 0.2% mineral-vitamin supplement (MVS) as a basal treatment (T1). Then WS reduced to 15%+5% sugar beet pulp (SBP) T2, WS15%+5% corn ground (CG) T3, WS15%+ 5% corn bran (CB) T4, and WS15%+ 5%rice ...
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Fresh orange pulp (FCP) mixed with wheat straw (WS) 79:20 plus 0.7% urea, 0.1% diammonium sulfate (DAMS) and 0.2% mineral-vitamin supplement (MVS) as a basal treatment (T1). Then WS reduced to 15%+5% sugar beet pulp (SBP) T2, WS15%+5% corn ground (CG) T3, WS15%+ 5% corn bran (CB) T4, and WS15%+ 5%rice bran (RB) T5. In T6 WS reduced to 10% and completed with SBP, CG, CB and RB in amounts of 4:2:2:2 percent respectively. All mixtures were ensiled in small scale plastic bag silos with four replicates. All silos were opened four months’ post ensiling and sampled for chemical analyses, in vitro gas test and digestibility. Dry matter content ranged 28.43 to 31.01 percent and pH 3.95 to 4.07 that were significantly different between the treatments (p<.05). Crude protein ranged 12.16 to 15.59 percent that was the lowest in T1 but the highest in T6 (p<.05). Ammonia-N ranged 6.32 to 10.63 percent of total nitrogen that was different between the treatments (p<.05). Reducing of WS and including of concentrate feeds in the treatments reduced NDF from 59.48 to 46.96 percent (p<.05) but increased gas production, organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolisable energy (ME) with highest values in T6. It is concluded that by formulating a mixture of FOP, WS, SBP, CG, CB, RB, Urea, DAMS and VMS in ratio of 79:10:4:2:2:2:0.7:0.1:0.2 may prepared a TMR silage with acceptable silage characteristics. However, more research needs to determine the feeding values through in vivo and feeding trials.
siamak mashahiri; Hassan Darmani kuhi
Abstract
This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of dietary enzyme supplementation (DES) and wheat particle size (WPZ) on growth, microbial population and intestinal acidity and litter characteristics of Japanese quails using a 3×3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized ...
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This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of dietary enzyme supplementation (DES) and wheat particle size (WPZ) on growth, microbial population and intestinal acidity and litter characteristics of Japanese quails using a 3×3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with nine treatments each replicated 4 times with 20 quails per replicate. The experimental factors included three WPZ [2, 3 and 3/5 mm] and three levels of DES [Rovabio enzyme at 0, 200 and 400 ppm]. Through the whole experimental period, groups of birds received diets with 2 and 3 mm WPZ+400 ppm of DES showed significantly reduced feed intake compared to the groups with 3.5 mm WPZ without and with 200 ppm DES (p<0.01). Birds received diets with 2 and 3 mm WPZ+400 ppm of DES also showed better feed conversion ratio than those fed with 3.5 mm WPZ without enzyme supplementation (p<0.01). Lactobacillus counts increased significantly in quails fed diets with 2 mm WPZ and 400 ppm of DES in comparison to 3.5 WPZ without enzyme supplementation group (p<0.01). Birds fed diets with 2, 3 and 3.5 mm WPZ+400 ppm of DES had lower litter pH than those fed wheat-based diets without enzyme supplementation (p<0.01). Treatment of 2 mm WPZ+400 ppm of DES showed less litter moisture than those with 3 and 3.5 mm WPZ without enzyme supplementation (p<0.01). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of wheat grain at 2 mm diameter particle size supplemented by 400 ppm enzyme is recommended.
Mehdi Amirsadeghi; Amir Hossein Alizadeh Ghamsari
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an abundant interest in the use of insects in poultry and livestock nutrition. All insects produce chitin-based exoskeletons. A precise determination of chitin content of insects is necessary because of its application in various industries and poor digestion in some livestock. Therefore ...
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Nowadays, there is an abundant interest in the use of insects in poultry and livestock nutrition. All insects produce chitin-based exoskeletons. A precise determination of chitin content of insects is necessary because of its application in various industries and poor digestion in some livestock. Therefore it is necessary to specify their skeleton composition including chitin. Due to the structure of chitin and insolubility in common solvents, the measurement of this compound is difficult and undertaken by estimation. In this study, two different methods are used and compared for chitin content measurement of insects. The experiment was carried out using six different samples of insects including larva of darkling beetle (mealworm) (Tenebrio molitor), crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus), honey bee (Apis mellifera meda) and varieties 31, 51 and 107 of silkworm (Bombix mori). In the first method, chitin content was estimated by measuring the acid detergent fiber. In the second method, the chitin measured by chemical purification method. The measured chitin contents by chemical purification were 12.05%± 0.071 for honey bee, 8.18%± 0.259 for mealworm, 7.79% ± 0.107 for cricket and 7.92% ± 0.058, 4.93% ± 0.091, 6.08% ± 0.116 for variety 31, 51 and 107 of silkworm samples respectively. Due to the recommended maximum amount of chitin in poultry feed at the level of 7g/kg and effect of chitin in determination of total protein, measurement of chitin before usage in feed is necessary and according to the obtained results, for determination of chitin content use of chemical purification method is recommended.
meysam shahabi nejad; Mohamad Salarmoini; Mohsen Afsharmanesh; maziar jajarmi; MOSLEM ASADI KOROM
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of particle size and feed form on growth performance, digestibility, and intestinal morphology of growing Japanese quails from 21 to 35 days of age. A total of 480 mixed Japanese quails were used in a completely randomized design with a 2×3 factorial ...
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of particle size and feed form on growth performance, digestibility, and intestinal morphology of growing Japanese quails from 21 to 35 days of age. A total of 480 mixed Japanese quails were used in a completely randomized design with a 2×3 factorial arrangement, three feed forms (mash, crumble, and pellet) and two levels of particle size (fine, and coarse), with 6 experimental treatments, 4 replicates and 20 birds per each replicate. Birds consumed pelleted and crumbled feeds with coarse particle size showed significantly higher body weight gain, compared to the birds fed with mash feed with both coarse and fine grinding particle size(p<0.05). A significant increase in feed intake were detected in birds fed with pelleted form (p<0.01). Feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in quails fed with pelleted diets than mash and crumbled diets and also in fine particle size than coarse particles (p<0.01). Birds fed with pellets with higher particle size had significantly heavier gizzards (p<0.05). The length of villi was significantly higher in birds fed with pelleted and crumbled feeds (p<0.01). The highest percentage of dry matter and nitrogen digestibility were observed in birds fed with the mash form diet and also in coarse particle size diets (p<0.05). Based on the results, the use of crumbled diets with coarse particle size are recommended due to more weight gain compared to the mash diets and also better feed efficiency in compare to the pelleted diets.
setareh Abedi; Seyyed Javad Hosseini-vashan; Seyed Homayoun Farhangfar; seyyed ehsan ghiasi
Abstract
This study was done to investigate the effect of pomegranate peel extract on growth performance, blood biochemical indices, intestinal morphology and meat quality of broiler fed diet-contained soybean oil. 120 male broilers were used in the form of a completely randomized design with 3 treatments, 4 ...
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This study was done to investigate the effect of pomegranate peel extract on growth performance, blood biochemical indices, intestinal morphology and meat quality of broiler fed diet-contained soybean oil. 120 male broilers were used in the form of a completely randomized design with 3 treatments, 4 repetitions and 10 chicks. Experimental diets were three levels of zero, 300 and 600 mg/kg of pomegranate peel extract (PPE). Pomegranate peel extract had no effect on performance traits including feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio at starter and finisher phases, but in the grower period, the levels of 300 and 600 PPE reduced feed intake (from 928 to 777 g) and feed conversion ratio (from 1.77 to 1.31; P <0.05) compare to control. The breast percentage increased from 19.78 in control to 21.95 at the level of 600 PPE and the percentage of abdominal fat decreased from 1.93 in control to 1.27 at the level of 600 PPE (P <0.05). The PPE at levels of 600 reduced concentration of cholesterol (183.68 to 137.15 mg/dl) and LDL (95.63 to 32.93 mg/dl) and the enzyme activity of aspartate dehydrogenase (263.8 to 204.28) compare to control. The villus height (from 1026.88 to 1155.12) and the villus height to crypt depth ratio (5.04 to 5.6) were higher at the 600 PPE compared to the control. The concentration of Malondialdehyde in meat decreased at 15 and 30 days after slaughter with an increase in PPE compared to control.
omhani tahmasbi; mahmoud shams ahargh; reza mirshekar
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the possibility of using refined oil with various adsorbents in broiler chicken feed and its effect on performance and blood parameters. Soybean oil was heated at 180C for 20 hours. Then various adsorbents were added to it and the quality of oil was evaluated. ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the possibility of using refined oil with various adsorbents in broiler chicken feed and its effect on performance and blood parameters. Soybean oil was heated at 180C for 20 hours. Then various adsorbents were added to it and the quality of oil was evaluated. Heating increased (P<0.05) peroxide, acidic, iodine, and carbonyl values in heated oil. Treatment of burned oil with adsorbents improved oil quality (P<0.05). Then, the possibility of using refined oil in 480 broiler chicks of the commercial strain of Ross 308 was investigated in 8 treatments, 5 replications, and 12 chicks per replicate. Dietary treatments were as: T1: Control (3% crude oil), T2: 3% crude oil+200 ppm α-tocopherol, T3: 3% oxidized oil, T4: 3% oxidized oil+200 ppm α-tocopherol, T5: 3% refined oil using calcium silicate, T6: 3% refined oil using zeolite, T7: 3% refined oil using rice hull ash, T8: 3% refined oil using a mixture of 3 absorbents. The results showed that adding untreated burnt oil to diet led to a remarkable decrease in chicken’s weight gain and significant increase in FCR in the entire rearing period (P < 0.05). Using α-tocopherol and refining oil compensated for some negative effects of burned oil (P<0.05). Untreated burnt oil had the lowest total protein concentration compared to other treatments (P < 0.05). These results showed that addition of alpha-tocopherol, calcium silicate, and a combination of the three inorganic adsorbents to burnt oil leads to improved growth performance during the entire growth period.
