Animal and poultry nutrition
anvar amouzmehr; Behrouz Dastar; Omid Ashayerizadeh; Reza Mirshekar; reza Abdollahi
Abstract
A total of 450 Ross 308 female broiler breeder pullets were distributed into 30 experimental units with 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 15 birds per each. The experiment was performed in a a completely randomized design with a factorial 2 × 3 arrangement consisted of 3 feed forms (mash, crumble, ...
Read More
A total of 450 Ross 308 female broiler breeder pullets were distributed into 30 experimental units with 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 15 birds per each. The experiment was performed in a a completely randomized design with a factorial 2 × 3 arrangement consisted of 3 feed forms (mash, crumble, and pellet) and 2 levels of nutrient density (standard diet and diluted diet to 90% standard) in the grower and pre-breeder periods. The results showed that feed form in the diluted diet had no significant effect on the weight of broiler breeder pullets during the grower period, while the use of pellet feed compared to mash feed in the standard diet caused a significant increase in body weight (P< 0.05). Pellet and crumble feeds compared to mash feed in the pre-production period caused a significant increase in body weight and diet dilution caused a significant decrease in the body weight of broiler breeder pullets (P<0.05). Neither feed form nor nutrient density significantly affected jejunum villi morphology (P> 0.05). The use of pellet feed compared to mash feed caused an increase in the thickness of the gizzard dorsal muscles (P< 0.05). Based on the results of this experiment, the use of pellet or crumble diets containing nutrients recommended levels can cause problems in weight control in broiler breeder pullets due to increased weight, but diluting the diet to 90% of the nutrients recommendation are effective to a large extent in controlling body weight.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Behrouz Dastar; Mohammad Taheri; Omid Ashayerizadeh; Reza Mirshekar
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing raw or fermented rapeseed meal with soybean meal on production performance and eggshell quality in broiler breeders. Rapeseed meal was fermented for 30 days with Lactobacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger, and 140 broiler breeders ...
Read More
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing raw or fermented rapeseed meal with soybean meal on production performance and eggshell quality in broiler breeders. Rapeseed meal was fermented for 30 days with Lactobacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger, and 140 broiler breeders (Ross 308) in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of 3 × 2, including two types of rapeseed meal (raw and fermented) and three replacement levels with soybean meal (33, 66, and 100%) with a control group (corn-soybean) were performed with 5 replications for 12 weeks (three production stages). Results indicated that pH and glucosinolates values of rapeseed meal decreased significantly after microbial fermentation (P<0.05). Fermented rapeseed meal had no significant effect on body weight, egg weight, egg production percentage, and eggshell quality in comparison with raw rapeseed meal. The effect of replacing meal level on body weight and egg weight was insignificant, but with increasing the level of raw or fermented rapeseed meal in the diet a linear significant decrease was observed in production percentage and eggshell quality (P<0.05). The production percentage was significantly lower in hens fed 100% raw or fermented rapeseed meal compared to the control group (P<0.05). According to the results of this experiment, raw or fermented rapeseed meal at the levels of more than 66% replacement with soybean meal in the diet of broiler breeders negatively affected production performance and eggshell quality.
Safura Shahravan; Taghi Ghoorchi; Behrouz Dastar; Abdolhakim Toghdory; Mohajer Mokhtar
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extract on growth performance, feed intake, daily weight gain and digestibility of nutrients in fattening lambs and kids. For this purpose, 15 goat kids (average initial BW of 17.3 ± 1.2 Kg, 3 month- ...
Read More
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extract on growth performance, feed intake, daily weight gain and digestibility of nutrients in fattening lambs and kids. For this purpose, 15 goat kids (average initial BW of 17.3 ± 1.2 Kg, 3 month- old) and 15 Dalagh lambs (average initial BW of 21.4 ± 1.5 Kg, 3 month- old) were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments: 1) control (without thyme extract), 2) supplemented with 250 ml thyme extract, 3) supplemented with 500 ml thyme extract. Animals were kept in individual pens with self-mangers for 84 days. Experimental results showed that different levels of thyme extract had a significant effect on daily weight gain and feed intake throughout the period in both species, so that in animals fed 250 ml of thyme extract was higher than other treatments (P <0.0001). Dietary treatments containing 500 ml of thyme extract had the lowest weight gain and final weight and feed intake throughout the period. Also, lambs had better weight gain and more food intake than kids. Thyme extract reduced the digestibility of organic matter and NDFand increased the digestibility of dry matter (P <0.0001) and the effect of the species on nutrient digestibility was not significant.Overall, the results showed that the best level of thyme extract in animals diets was 250 ml, and at this level the best growth performance was achieved. The lambs were also more affected by the thyme extract than the kids.
zahra tahami; Behrouz Dastar; Ehsan Oskoueian; Seyed reza hashemi
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on laying hens' performance, quality traits and peroxidation of egg yolks and whites. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 300 laying hens (W-36) from 23 to 35 weeks of ...
Read More
This study was performed to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on laying hens' performance, quality traits and peroxidation of egg yolks and whites. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 300 laying hens (W-36) from 23 to 35 weeks of age with 5 treatments and 6 replications and 10 laying hens in each replication. Experimental treatments include: treatment one or control (basic diet without selenium), The second treatment of 0.5 selenite-sodium (base diet+0.5 mg/kg selenite-sodium), the third treatment selenite-sodium 1 (basic diet+1mg/kg selenite-sodium), the fourth treatment selenium-methionine 0.5 (basal diet + 0.5 mg/kg seleno-methionine) and the fifth treatment was seleno-methionine 1 (basal diet +1 mg/kg seleno-methionine). The results showed that experimental treatments had no significant effect on egg weight, weight mass, production percentage, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and egg yolk and egg white characteristics (P<0.05). Peroxidation of egg yolk and egg white fats in 1 mg/kg seleno-methionine treatment showed the lowest rate compared to other experimental treatments (P<0.05). The results of the present study showed that among the sources of selenium, 1 mg/kg of selenium-methionine more effectively reduced the peroxidation of fats and increased antioxidant activity.
mohadeseh Roodbari; Taghi Ghoorchi; saeed Hasani; Behrouz Dastar; Raheleh Rajabi AliAbadi; Mohammad Reza Birjandi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of various levels of Poultry by-product meal(PBM) on the performance of Baluchi male lambs, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 experimental diets containing (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ) doses of Poultry by-product meal residues and 6 replicates ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effect of various levels of Poultry by-product meal(PBM) on the performance of Baluchi male lambs, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 experimental diets containing (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ) doses of Poultry by-product meal residues and 6 replicates (Lamb) in each treatment. The fattening was a 90- day feeding period preceded by a 14-day adaptation period. Different levels of Poultry by-product meal had no significant effect on daily lamb weight, average daily intake of dry matter and feed conversion ratio. Significantly higher Blood urea nitrogen was observed in control diet than other treatment (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in plasma glucose in experimental diets (P <0.05). The protein and protein portions of A, B, B1, B2, B3 and C in this experiment were 11.8, 8.23, 22.21, 19.1, and 81.3%, respectively. The results of current study showed that Poultry by-product meal 7.5% can be used in lamb̓̕s finishing diets without adverse effect on performance.
samira mirshekar; Mahmoud Shams Shargh; Behrouz Dastar; Aida Mazaheri
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of sesame meal supplemented with phytase enzyme on performance and characteristics of carcass and tibia in Japanese quail, in a completely randomized design with 2 × 3 factorial arrangement containing, two levels of phytase ...
Read More
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of sesame meal supplemented with phytase enzyme on performance and characteristics of carcass and tibia in Japanese quail, in a completely randomized design with 2 × 3 factorial arrangement containing, two levels of phytase enzymes (zero and 0.1 g/Kg in diet) and three levels of sesame meal (zero, 25 and 50%) was employed. Three hundred sixty Japanese quail were allocated to 6 experimental treatments with 4 replicates of 15 quail each. The results showed different levels sesame meal, phytase enzyme and their interaction had no significant effect on weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Percentage of liver were higher in treatment with 25% sesame meal (p < 0.05). Weight, relative weight, volume, percentage of phosphorus and calcium of tibia in treatment with 50% sesame meal were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Inclusion of phytase enzyme led to an increase in percentage of spleen, density, percentage of ash, percentage of calcium and phosphorus of tibia(p < 0.05).Treatment of 50% sesame meal with phytase enzymes had the highest percentage of thigh compared to treatment without sesame meal and without phytase enzymes (p < 0.05). Percentage of phosphorus of tibia in treatments of that 25% and 50% sesame meal with phytase were higher compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). According to the results of this study that 25% and 50% sesame meal can be used in Japanese quail’s diets, without any negative effect on performance, carcass characteristics and tibia characteristics.
Naser Mahmoudnia; Behrouz Dastar; javad bayat kohsar; Omid ashayerizadeh
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding fermented date pite (FDP) on performance, carcass traits and ileal microbial population in broiler chickens. In a 2 ×4 factorial arrangement, 540 day – old broiler chicks were randomly ...
Read More
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding fermented date pite (FDP) on performance, carcass traits and ileal microbial population in broiler chickens. In a 2 ×4 factorial arrangement, 540 day – old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one of nine experimental diets, each with five replicates containing 12 chicks each. Dietary treatments included a corn- soybean meal – based diet (control), and diets containing 2, 4, 6 and 8% raw date pit (RDP) and 2, 4, 6 and 8 % fermented date pit (FDP). Fermentation process effectively decreased crude fiber and increased crude protein (p < 0.05). Feeding fermented date pite increased feed intake and improved body weight gain in finisher period (25- 42 day) of the experiment (p < 0.05 ). In this period birds fed FDP with level 8% had significantly (p <0.05 ) body weight higher in comparison to chicks fed diet control ( 1474 gr vs 1336 gr ). Birds fed FDP had feed cost higher compared to chick fed RDP (p<0.05). Abdominal fat and gizzard was significantly lower in broiler fed FDP than to RDP (p <0.05 ). Lactic acid bacteria population and coliform in ileum of broilers fed diet containing FDP as compared to RDP were significantly higher and lower respectively (p<0.05). Results of this study demonstrated that fermentation date pite in level 8% led to performance improvement in broiler chickens during finisher period.
mohsen rajabzadeh nesvan; Behrouz Dastar; Taghi Ghoorchi; omid Ashayerizadeh; morteza khomiri
Abstract
In order to compare the effect of adding tomato pomace on broiler diets, two types of crude and fermented tomato pomace each in four levels (5, 10, 15 and 20%) as factorial arrangement 2 × 4 in a completely randomized design and a control treatment with 9 experimental treatments and 3 replications, ...
Read More
In order to compare the effect of adding tomato pomace on broiler diets, two types of crude and fermented tomato pomace each in four levels (5, 10, 15 and 20%) as factorial arrangement 2 × 4 in a completely randomized design and a control treatment with 9 experimental treatments and 3 replications, and their effects on performance, blood parameters and morphology of ileum in broiler chicken were investigated. The results showed that feeding broiler chickens with fermented tomato pomace improved weight gain compared to raw tomato pomace and control (P<0.05). Consumption of chicken fed with fermented tomato pomace had no significant difference with raw tomato pomace. But feed conversion ratio of chickens fed with fermented tomato pomace was better (P<0.05). The highest weight gain and feed intake was observed in 15% of fermented tomato pomace (P<0.05). Feeding broiler chickens with fermented tomato pomace significantly reduced cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein and increased high density lipoprotein (P<0.05). The villus height:crypt depth ratio and villus height in the ileum was higher in chicken fed with fermented tomato pomace than raw tomato pomace and control treatment (P<0.05). The use of fermented tomato pomace reduced cholesterol, improved the performance and health of broiler chicks than raw tomato pomace, so it is possible to use it up to 15% levels in the diet of broiler chickens.
aida mazaheri; mahmoud shams shargh; Behrouz Dastar; omid ashayerizadeh
Abstract
The use of sesame meal in poultry feed is limited due to the anti-nutritional factor of phytic acid and the lack of secretion of the phytase enzyme in the gastrointestinal tract. For this purpose, enzyme supplements or phytase-producing microorganisms can be used to break down phytate. The purpose of ...
Read More
The use of sesame meal in poultry feed is limited due to the anti-nutritional factor of phytic acid and the lack of secretion of the phytase enzyme in the gastrointestinal tract. For this purpose, enzyme supplements or phytase-producing microorganisms can be used to break down phytate. The purpose of this experiment was comparing the effects of raw and processed sesame meal by solid-state fermentation on performance, carcass characteristic, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. sesame meal was fermented with a liquid mixed culture containing Lactobacillus plantarum in a ratio of 1:1.2. After 25-day fermentation, phytic acid was reduced from 17.39 to 5.26 mmol/g. A total of 315 Ross-308 broilers in a completely randomized design were allocated to 7 treatments with 3 replicates. Experimental treatments were containing 25, 50 and 75% raw or/and fermented sesame meal replaced by soybean meal in diets. The results show that levels of 25 and 50% fermented sesame meal compared with raw sesame meal improved broilers performance (P<0.05). Abdominal fat was significantly lower in treatments of 50% and 75% fermented sesame meal compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Villi in the duodenum and jejunum of the birds fed on diets containing 25 and 50% fermented sesame meal were significantly higher than for the other experimental groups (P<0.05). Considering the similarity of the results of control treatments and 50% fermented sesame meal in weight gain and feed conversion ratio, the use of fermented sesame meal is suggested up to 50% replacement level with soybean meal in the diet.
khadijeh tayebi; B Dastar; mahmmud shams sharg; farshid eshraghi
Abstract
The effect of energy expression system and total amino acid database on growth performance, carcass components and litter quality of Ross 308 broilers strain was studied by 180 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with a 2×3 factorial arrangement. This study was performed with six treatments, ...
Read More
The effect of energy expression system and total amino acid database on growth performance, carcass components and litter quality of Ross 308 broilers strain was studied by 180 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with a 2×3 factorial arrangement. This study was performed with six treatments, three replicates and ten broiler chicks in each replicate. Treatments expression was with two systems of energy (AMEn and TMEn) and three amino acid database (NRC, Evonik and Ajinomoto) in periods starter (1-10 days), grower and (11-24 days) finisher (25-42 days). Apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen in the dietary formulation caused a relative increase in feed intake and weight gain of broilers in the grower and whole period of experiment (1-42 days). Energy system had no significant effect on feed conversion ratio, protein and energy utilization, carcass components and litter quality (P>0.05). Evaluating feed conversion ratio, efficiency of energy and protein utilization, European production index during total experiment period showed that NRC and Evonik amino acid databases were significantly better than Ajinomoto (P<0.05). Based on the current results, it seems that NRC and Evonik amino acid databases, in the condition of current experiment have relatively some advantage compared to Ajinomoto database.
Golbahar Agh; Behrouz Dastar; Mahmood Shams Shargh; Seyed Reza Hashemi; Reza Mirshekar
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of black seed and two dietary protein levels on performance and blood parameters of broiler chickens. A total number of 336 un-sexed day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were used in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with a completely ...
Read More
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of black seed and two dietary protein levels on performance and blood parameters of broiler chickens. A total number of 336 un-sexed day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were used in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with a completely randomized design consisted of 6 treatments (three levels of black seed (0, 1, 2 percent) in two protein levels (NRC recommended and 87% NRC, 1994)) with 4 replicates and 14 chicks in each replicate. All diets were iso-caloric and had the minimum nutrient requirements recommended by NRC (1994) except for protein. The results showed that using diets with NRC protein level rather to low protein diets resulted in a higher live body weight (P<0.05). Reducing dietary protein level led to reduced protein consumption and increased protein efficiency ratio (P<0.05). Reducing dietary protein level resulted in a significant decrease in carcass and thigh percentage (P<0.05). Serum albumin concentration decrease significantly when dietary protein reduced (P<0.05) Supplemented low protein diet with 1 and 2% black seed significantly improve live body weight, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio (P<0.05), as these values were similar to those birds were fed diets with sufficient quantity of protein. Supplemented low protein diet with black seed significantly improve breast, heart and gizzard (P<0.05) since their values were close to diets containing NRC recommended protein. These results demonstrated that supplementing black seed to low protein diet improve broilers growth performance.
akram shabani; F. Boldaji; B. Dastar; T. Ghorchi; S. Zerehdaran
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of fermented fish waste in feeding broiler chickens on gastrointestinal microbial population and blood parameters. Fish waste per Kg was fermented with 15% molasses and 5% starter culture (containing Lactobacillus plantarum and Aspergillus oryzae). After ...
Read More
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of fermented fish waste in feeding broiler chickens on gastrointestinal microbial population and blood parameters. Fish waste per Kg was fermented with 15% molasses and 5% starter culture (containing Lactobacillus plantarum and Aspergillus oryzae). After the 15 days of fermentation, the amounts of pH and lactic acid bacteria population (log10 CFU/g) in fish waste were changed from 6.12 and 6.99 to 3.91 and 11.88 in fermented fish waste, respectively. A total of 240 male Cobb 500 broilers were allocated into 5 treatments with 4 replicates of 12 chickens each using a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments contained 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% fermented fish waste replaced by soybean meal in diets. Results showed that replacement of different levels of fermented fish waste with soybean meal in broiler’s diets decreased pH in crop and ileum compared to the control group. Feeding fish waste fermentation in ages of 11-22 and 23-42 days resulted to increase lactic acid bacteria population in crop and decrease coliforms population in ileum of broilers (P<0.05). At age of 23-42 days, the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL and LDL significantly decreased in treatments containing fermented fish waste compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). Therefore, replacing a part of soybean meal with fermented fish waste in the diet causes ensure hygiene and public health of broiler chickens by improving balance of gastrointestinal microbial population and reducing serum cholesterol.
akram shabani; F. Boldaji; B. Dastar; T. Ghorchi; S. Zerehdaran
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of using diets containing fermented fish waste on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of 240 male Cobb 500 broilers were allocated into 5 treatments with 4 replicates (12 chickens in each replicate) using a completely ...
Read More
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of using diets containing fermented fish waste on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of 240 male Cobb 500 broilers were allocated into 5 treatments with 4 replicates (12 chickens in each replicate) using a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments contained 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% fermented fish waste replaced by soybean meal in diets. Results showed that 1-10 days weight gain in chickens fed diets containing 9 and 12 percentage of fermented fish waste was more than chickens fed control diet (P<0.05). At 11-22 days and 23-42 days, replacing different levels of fermented fish waste with soybean meal in broiler diets improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to the control group (P<0.05). Feed intake was not affected by treatments in any of the different periods of rearing. Liver weight in control treatment was significantly lower treatments containing fermented fish waste (P<0.05). Therefore, replacing a part of soybean meal with fermented fish waste in the diet improved growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens.
amin ashayerizadeh; B. Dastar; M. Shams Shargh; A. R. Sadeghi; S. Zerehdaran
Abstract
This experiment was conducted for effect of feeding fermented rapeseed meal on reduction salmonella population in broiler chickens. A total of 240 Cobb 500 broilers in a completely randomized design were allocated to 6 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 chickens each. Experimental treatments were including ...
Read More
This experiment was conducted for effect of feeding fermented rapeseed meal on reduction salmonella population in broiler chickens. A total of 240 Cobb 500 broilers in a completely randomized design were allocated to 6 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 chickens each. Experimental treatments were including negative control (not challenged by salmonella), positive control (challenged by salmonella) and treatments containing 50 and 100% raw or/and fermented rapeseed meal replaced by soybean meal in diet. All broilers were challenged by Salmonella typhimurium using oral gavage except negative control at the end of 3 day of rearing. Results showed that 7 and 14 days post challenge, the percentage of contamination in fermented rapeseed meal treatments were less than positive control and raw rapeseed meal treatments. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio in positive control and 50% fermented rapeseed meal treatment were significantly different with other challenged treatments (P<0.05). Therefore, According to the positive results of feeding fermented rapeseed meal on health and performance of broiler chickens challenged with salmonella, this processed protein source could be considered as a new strategy to control salmonella contamination.
A. ashayerizadeh; B. Dastar; M. Shams-e-Shargh; A. Sadeghi Mahonak; S. Zerehdaran
Abstract
This experiment was conducted for reducing of glucosinolates in rapeseed meal by solid state fermentation and its effects on performance and gastrointestinal microflora population of broiler chickens. Raw rapeseed meal was fermented with a liquid mixed culture containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus ...
Read More
This experiment was conducted for reducing of glucosinolates in rapeseed meal by solid state fermentation and its effects on performance and gastrointestinal microflora population of broiler chickens. Raw rapeseed meal was fermented with a liquid mixed culture containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger in a ratio of 1:1.2. After the 25-day fermentation, glucosinolates were reduced from 12.21 to 3.93 mmol/g. A total of 300 Cobb 500 broilers in a completely randomized design were allocated to 5 treatments with 4 replicates of 15 chickens each. Experimental treatments was containing 0, 50 and 100% raw or/and fermented rapeseed meal replaced by soybean meal in diets. The results showed that fermented rapeseed meal compared with raw rapeseed meal improved broiler’s performance (P<0.05) and even the performance of broilers fed diet containing 50% fermented rapeseed meal was similar to those broilers fed control diet. Abdominal fat was significantly lower in broilers fed fermented rapeseed meal than other treatments (P<0.05). Lactic acid bacteria population in crop and coliforms in ileum of broilers fed diets containing fermented rapeseed meal were significantly higher and lower than other groups, respectively (P<0.05). The results showed that fermented rapeseed meal compared with raw rapeseed meal improve performance and balance of microbial flora in gastrointestinal tract of broilers and therefore, use of fermented rapeseed meal as a protein source replacement for soybean meal in diets of broilers.
H. Mohebodini; Gh. Tahmasbi; B. Dastar; Y. Jafari ahangari; S. Zerehdaran
Abstract
Honey bees need a range of elements to provide their nutritional requirements for normal growth and development. There is currently little information about the vitamin requirements in honey bees. Three trials were carried out at Honey Bee Department of Animal Science Research Institute of Iran.The experiments ...
Read More
Honey bees need a range of elements to provide their nutritional requirements for normal growth and development. There is currently little information about the vitamin requirements in honey bees. Three trials were carried out at Honey Bee Department of Animal Science Research Institute of Iran.The experiments were carried out under natural condition to assess potential impacts of thiamine nutrition on the development of hypopharyngeal glands (HPGs) in honey bee workers (Apis mellifera meda) during different seasons. In this study, twenty honey bee colonies were divided into 5 experimental groups with 4 replications. Control groups (group 1) were fed sugar syrup (1:1). The experimental colonies in groups 2 and 5 were fed in the same manner but with syrup were supplemented with different levels of thiamine (100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm). The experiments were repeated for 45 days through the summer (Jul. 5, 2012 and Aug. 20, 2012), winter (Feb. 20, 2013 and Apr. 5, 2013) and spring (Apr. 27, 2013 and Jun. 13, 2013) seasons. To investigate the development of HPGs, length and width of ten acini for five worker bees in each replication with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days were measured using a stereomicroscope and micrometer. The results showed that thiamine in diet affected the size of acinal area in HPGs. In summer, acini size was greater in honey bees (3 and 6 days) fed low level thiamine but in winter (9, 12 and 15 days) and spring (all ages) inverse effects were observed (P<0.05). Hypopharyngeal glands development was high in different seasons at the age of 6 or 9 days.
M. Falah; B. Dastar; F. Ganji; A. ashayerizadeh
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Aspergillus oryzae fermented soybean meal and dietary protein level on performance and gasterointestinal microbial population in broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with 2×2 factorial arrangement containing, 2 forms of soybean ...
Read More
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Aspergillus oryzae fermented soybean meal and dietary protein level on performance and gasterointestinal microbial population in broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with 2×2 factorial arrangement containing, 2 forms of soybean meal (raw and fermented) and 2 levels of protein (Low and High protein). Two hundred and forty Ross 308 broilers were allocated to 4 experimental treatments with 5 replicates of 12 chickens each. The results showed thatreplacing fermented soybean meal with soybean meal in diet decreased to feed intake(P<0.05)but had no significant effect on weight gain of broilers in finisher rearing period (P>0.05). Abdominal fat percentage was significantly higher in low protein diet than high protein diet (P<0.05)Lactic acid bacteria population in crop of broilers fed diet containing fermented soybean meal was significantly higher than that of broilers fed diet containing soybean meal(P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that complete replacement of fermented soybean meal to raw soybean meal in diet without significant negative impact on growth performance led to improve the balance of gastrointestinal microbial population in broiler chickens.
reza mirshekar; B. Dastar; B. Shabanpour
Abstract
The effect of Green tea, Echinacea purpurea, Rosemary extracts on dilation of oxidation and rancidity development in broiler thigh meat was studied. Therefore, fresh thighs were dipped in 0.1% alcoholic aqueous extract during 15 min and kept frozen (-20°C) until 6 months. Sampling was carried ...
Read More
The effect of Green tea, Echinacea purpurea, Rosemary extracts on dilation of oxidation and rancidity development in broiler thigh meat was studied. Therefore, fresh thighs were dipped in 0.1% alcoholic aqueous extract during 15 min and kept frozen (-20°C) until 6 months. Sampling was carried out at 1, 30, 60, 90, 120,150 and 180 days of aging at -20°C. A parallel experiment with Ascorbic acid as an antioxidant supplement and distilled water (control) was carried out in the same condition. Green tea extract had the most effective antioxidant activity and Echinacea and rosemary were as second and third antioxidants activity in comparison to ascorbic acid and control respectively (P<0.05). Samples treated with Green tea, Rosemary and Echinacea had higher redness rather than control and samples treated with ascorbic acid (P<0.05). A significant decreased in lightness was observed on 30th and 90th days of aging times (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between different treatments on leg meat water holding capacity. The mean pH of thigh meat were 6.25 to 6.36 in different treatments and aging times, the highest pH value belonged to Echinacea treatment (pH=6.36) and the lowest was observed in control treatment (pH=6.28) (P<0.05). Finally, results showed that Green tea, Echinacea and rosemary are powerful and effective antioxidants when dipping broiler thigh meat in soluble extract of there.
B Dastar; A Ashayerizadeh; S Zerehdaran; B Shabanpour; O. Ashayerizadeh; R Mirshekar
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin premix withdrawal from diets containing different energy levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers subjected to heat stress in a completely randomized design with 2×3 factorial arrangement containing, 2 levels ...
Read More
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin premix withdrawal from diets containing different energy levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers subjected to heat stress in a completely randomized design with 2×3 factorial arrangement containing, 2 levels of energy (Low and High energy) and 3 levels of vitamin premix withdrawal (28, 35 and 42 days). Three hundred and thirty six Ross 308 broilers (male sex) were allocated to 6 experimental treatments with 4 replicates of 14 chicks each. The results showed that broilers were fed high energy diet had significantly higher body weight gain than those were fed low energy diet (P<0.05). The vitamin premix withdrawal and energy level had no significant effect on feed intake. Broilers that their vitamin premix were withdraw at 28 days rather than other groups (35 and 42 days) had relatively lower body weight gain and significantly higher feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Carcass percentage and abdominal fat were significantly higher in broilers fed higher energy diet than those were fed low energy diet (P<0.05). Carcass characteristics were not affected by the time of vitamin premix withdrawal. Based on the results of this experiment, increasing of dietary energy level resulted to improve broiler's performance subjected to heat stress, although the abdominal fat increases. Also, it is possible to withdraw vitamin premix one week before slaughtering (35 days), but it's withdraw two weeks before slaughtering(28 days) may decrease the performance of broilers.
Hossein Mohebodini; Behrouz Dastar; Mahmood Shams shargh; Saeed Zerehdaran
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of quantitative feed restriction and meal feeding on the performance, carcass compositions and ascites syndrome in male broiler chickens (Ross 308). In this study, 5 Schedule feed restrictions include: 1) ad libitum food intake (AL group), 2) feeding ...
Read More
This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of quantitative feed restriction and meal feeding on the performance, carcass compositions and ascites syndrome in male broiler chickens (Ross 308). In this study, 5 Schedule feed restrictions include: 1) ad libitum food intake (AL group), 2) feeding maintenance energy requirement from 7 to 14 d of age 3) feeding to support 50% of the normal growth energy requirement from 7 to 14 d of age 4) meal feeding from 7 to 14 d of age (MF14) and 5) meal feeding from 7 to 21 d of age (MF21), were used. Three hundred day-old male broilers in a completely randomized design (with five treatments, five replicates per treatment and 12 birds per pen) were raised until 42 days. At the age of 21 d the chickens were exposed to a temperature of 15°C, which induced ascites. Traits measured included performance, carcass characteristics and parameters of the heart and blood. The results indicated that quantitative feed restriction reduced weight gain and feed intake compared to AL group (P<0.05). At the end of experiment, feed conversion ratio of MF14 group was less than fed group for 50% growth (P<0.05). Feed restriction had no significant effect on percentage of carcass composition (carcass, breast, thigh and abdominal fat). AL and MF14 broilers had high hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration. MF14 groupcompared with the quantitative feed restriction groups had a greater heart weight (P<0.05). Ascites index (RV/TV ratio), right ventricle weight and percentage of heart were not affected by feeding regimes. The overall results showed that less severe restriction (meal feeding treatments) on compared with more severe restriction (quantitative feed restriction treatments) was better to realize the complete compensatory growth. According to blood factors, severe feed restriction can decrease ascites susceptibility in broiler chickens.
