Animal and poultry management
Pirouz Shakeri; nader asadzadeh; Sayyed Mahmoud Nasrollahi; Mahdi Nikbakhti; Amirali Shakeri
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare feedlot performance between crossbred male Simmental×Holstein (S×H) and purebred Holstein (H) calves over a 6-month in hot and humid conditions of Iran. For this purpose, 17 male calves (181.4±42.30 kg BW) including 10 H and 7 S×H male ...
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The objective of this study was to compare feedlot performance between crossbred male Simmental×Holstein (S×H) and purebred Holstein (H) calves over a 6-month in hot and humid conditions of Iran. For this purpose, 17 male calves (181.4±42.30 kg BW) including 10 H and 7 S×H male were assigned to one of the two treatments in the national research and development cattle station of Gawdasht in the suburbs of Babol. The calves were kept individually in the cages (3×3 m) and were fed two times daily in equal portions at 8:00 and 16:00 with total mixed ration. The results showed that in the 6-month fattening period, there was no difference in the average dry matter intake of S×H calves and H calves, however, the average daily gain of S×H calves was 1.508 kg/d and higher (P=0.02) than H calves (1.190 kg/d). Feed conversion ratio in S×H calves (6.25) was better (P=0.02) than H calves (7.73). All of measured nutrients digestibility were higher in H calves than S×H calves (P=0.02). Also, there was no difference in the concentration of blood parameters of urea, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, total protein and serum albumin between S×H and H calves. It was concluded that in a fattening period of 6 months, S×H calves had 26.7% more weight gain, and 19.2% better feed conversion ratio compared to H calves with the same feed intake. Therefore, cross-breeding can be a successful strategy to improve beef production via produce commercial calves.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Bardia gouran shourak chali; sakine asadzade
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of different levels of Alhagi maurorum (AM) essential oil on performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology, liver enzymes and antioxidant status in broilers. In total, 400 one-day-old male and female broilers of Ross ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of different levels of Alhagi maurorum (AM) essential oil on performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology, liver enzymes and antioxidant status in broilers. In total, 400 one-day-old male and female broilers of Ross 308 strain with an average weight of 41.27±0.64 grams were used. This experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replications and 20 birds per replication. The experimental treatments included the control treatment (without AM essential oil) and levels of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% of AM essential oil in the diet. The results showed that in the grower, finisher and total periods, broilers fed with 1% AM essential oil had higher weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). The relative weight of liver and abdominal fat in chickens fed with 1% AM essential oil diet was significantly lower than other experimental treatments (P<0.05). The height of villi and the ratio of villi height to jejunum crypt depth in broilers fed with different levels of AM essential oil were significantly higher than the control treatment (P<0.05). Also, in the treatment of 0.75 and 1% AM essential oil, catalase concentration and total antioxidant capacity showed an increase compared to other treatments (P<0.05). In general, it can be said that AM essential oil (at the level of 1%) in addition to positive effects on the growth performance of broiler chickens, has also helped the immune system.
Animal and poultry management
MOHSEN BAGHERI
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of increasing the length of the lighting in the early lactation on the milk production in native black goats, as well as the weight and weight gain of their kids. A total of 40 pregnant goats were randomly divided into the following two groups. group ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of increasing the length of the lighting in the early lactation on the milk production in native black goats, as well as the weight and weight gain of their kids. A total of 40 pregnant goats were randomly divided into the following two groups. group 1 (control): goats were exposed to the natural day length during lactation period. group 2: goats were exposed to the long days during the first 30 days of the lactation period. During the first month of lactation, the amount of milk produced was measured weekly. The blood samples were taken 20 days before kidding, at kidding, 15 and 30 days after kidding. The kids’ weight was measured at birth, at the ages of 7 days, 14 days, one month, two months and three months. The amount of milk suckled on the 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th days after birth in the second group was 6.9%, 9%, 6.9%, and 6.13% higher than in the control group, respectively (p<0.01). The milk composition was not affected by the experimental treatment (p>0.05). The level of prolactin hormone in the second group was 21 and 23% higher than control group at 15 and 30 days after kidding, respectively (p<0.01). At the age of 14 days, one, two and three months, the highest kids’ weight was observed in the second group (p<0.01). Additionally, weight gain in the kid of the second group was better than control group in all periods (p<0.01).
Animal and poultry nutrition
mahdi hedayati; saeed KHALAJI; alireza sazmand; Amirhosein Kheyrabadi
Abstract
In this research, 160 one-day-old broiler chickens of Arian strain broilers with an initial weight of 38 g were used in the form of a completely randomized design and as a factorial experiment in 4 experimental groups and 4 replications and each replications consisted of 10 chicks. The experimental groups ...
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In this research, 160 one-day-old broiler chickens of Arian strain broilers with an initial weight of 38 g were used in the form of a completely randomized design and as a factorial experiment in 4 experimental groups and 4 replications and each replications consisted of 10 chicks. The experimental groups included control, control with 200g/ton Diclazuril, control with 500g/ton Amprolium and control with 1000g/ton Herbomix R. On the 21st day of rearing, 0.5 cc of the mixture containing (10,000 sproule oocysts of Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acerulina and Eimeria maxima) was fed as an oral inoculation, and sampling was done on the 28, and 35 d. In the examination of performance traits before challenge with Eimeria oocysts, no significant difference was seen between different experimental groups. After the challenge in 3 weeks, the lowest amount of FCR and the highest weight were observed in the groups challenged with amprolium and without challenge in the Herbomix R group, respectively(P < 0.05). The lowest spleen weight and the highest ileum length were seen in the groups under challenge and without challenge with Herbomix R (P < 0.05). During the growth period, the highest scores of duodenal and ileum injuries were observed in birds that consumed control diet and diet containing diclazuril, respectively(P < 0.05). The colony count from the cecum, it was found that Herbo R significantly reduced the population of coliform and E. Coli during this period(P < 0.05). In general, the use of Herbomix R has reduced the intestinal microbial population.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Seyed Mohammad Reza Khatibi; Heydar Zarghi; Abolghasem Golian; Ahmad Hassan Abadi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of soybean oil and lysophospholipid (LPL) in wheat-based diet on production performance, egg quality and blood serum parameters of laying hens, experiment with the number of 648 Hy-line W-36 laying hens during 113-120 weeks of age as factorial 3×2 in the form ...
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In order to investigate the effect of soybean oil and lysophospholipid (LPL) in wheat-based diet on production performance, egg quality and blood serum parameters of laying hens, experiment with the number of 648 Hy-line W-36 laying hens during 113-120 weeks of age as factorial 3×2 in the form of randomized complete block design, with 6 treatments, 6 replications and 18 birds per each replication done. The experimental treatments included three levels (zero, 1.5 and 3%) of soybean oil in the diet with (0.05%) and without adding LPL to the diet. In response by increasing the oil level; egg mass, average weight, specific weight, dry matter and crude protein content (yolk and total without shell) of eggs changed quadratically. So that the birds fed with diet containing 1.5% of oil, had the highest numerical value on above indicators. Feed conversion ratio and blood serum phosphorus concentration decreased linearly. Shell weight, shell density, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations increased linearly. Addition of LPL to the diet decreased daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and increased shell weight and blood serum phosphorus. Feeding diets containing LPL was more effective in improving the feed conversion ratio in response to increasing the level of dietary oil. The general result is that; Adding vegetable oil at the level of 1.5% to the diet of wheat-based laying hens improves performance indicators and egg quality furthermore, the addition of LPL to the diet has a positive synergistic effect on the oil level of the diet.
Animal and poultry nutrition
hassan kamisabadi; Mohammad madi moeini; salim javadzadeh; sajad badbarin
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth performance and carcass composition of mahe sanjabi and crossbred Sanjabi × Romanov lambs in mehrgan livestock research station. Nien lambs, 90±3 days old in a completely random design from each group were fed ad libitum for 74 days ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth performance and carcass composition of mahe sanjabi and crossbred Sanjabi × Romanov lambs in mehrgan livestock research station. Nien lambs, 90±3 days old in a completely random design from each group were fed ad libitum for 74 days by a balanced diet, and weightd at at 15-days intervals.in the whole period, Average daily gain, daily feed intake, feed conversation and feed efficiency were determined. four lambs from each group were slaughtered, and the hot and cold carcass andinternal organ weights and were measured. Our results indicated that the average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency sanjabi lambs were more than Sanjabi-Romanov lambs (P<0.05) but The weight of entrails in Sanjabi lambs was less than compared to crossbreed lambs (P>0.05). and hot and cold carcass weight and efficiency of crossbreds were more than sanjabi lambs (P<0.05). tail and thigh weight of Sanjabi lambs better than crossbred lambs in the fattening period. In general, in the whole period of fattening in terms of growth performance, purebred sanjabi lambs were better than crossbreds, while in terms of carcass performance, crossberd lambs were better than purebred sanjabi lambs.
Honey bee
Loghgman Zarhesh; Naser moanini; Ataollah Rahimi; Masomeh Paydar
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of different methods (including strong apiary, weak apiary, dark warehouse, bright warehouse, and organic acid treatments) of integrated management of greater wax moth. Means comparison results of the number of wax moths observed in strong ...
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of different methods (including strong apiary, weak apiary, dark warehouse, bright warehouse, and organic acid treatments) of integrated management of greater wax moth. Means comparison results of the number of wax moths observed in strong and weak apiary methods, the highest and lowest number of insects observed in the strong apiary method was related to the control and the strong hive treatments, respectively, and in the weak apiary method, it was related to the weak hive and the control treatments. Variance analysis results of the mortality percentage of greater wax moth in the treatment of organic acids showed that there is a significant difference between the treatments (P < 0.05). Based on the mean comparison results, the highest and lowest number of dead moths were related to formic acid and control treatments, respectively. Means comparison results of the number of wax moths observed in bright and dark warehouse methods, the highest and lowest number of insects observed in the bright warehouse method was related to the control and bright warehouse treatments, respectively, and in the dark warehouse method, it was related to the dark warehouse and the control treatments. According to the obtained results, the integrated use of methods Organic acids (formic and acetic acids), bright warehouse, and keeping strong colonies in apiary can be recommended to reduce the damage of this pest in apiaries and storage warehouses of wax combs.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Mohamad Ghasem Mohsen; سینا پیوستگان; Mohsen Daneshyar; Gholamreza Najafi; Meisam Abtahi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of different sodium levels in the starter diet on performance, carcass traits, yolk sac absorption, and blood metabolites, 420 one-day-old male (Ross 308) broiler chicks were used in completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 6 replications, and 14 chicks per ...
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In order to investigate the effects of different sodium levels in the starter diet on performance, carcass traits, yolk sac absorption, and blood metabolites, 420 one-day-old male (Ross 308) broiler chicks were used in completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 6 replications, and 14 chicks per replication. The experimental treatments included sodium levels of 0.18%, 0.20%, 0.22%, 0.24%, and 0.26% in the starter diets. Increasing sodium levels led to a linear (P < 0.01) increase in body weight gain during the 1-10 and 1-30 day periods, and a linear (P < 0.05) increase in feed intake from days 1-10. At 3 and 5 days of age, relative weights of yolk sac and carcass linearly decreased (P < 0.01) and increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), respectively, with increasing sodium level in the starter diet. Relative weights of small intestine, liver, bursa of fabricius, and spleen (P < 0.01) increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing sodium level in the starter diet. Increasing the sodium level in the starter diet led to linear (P < 0.01) increases in plasma sodium, osmolarity, and glucose levels. Overall, increasing the sodium percentage in the starter diet to 0.26% led to improved body weight gain (8.39% during the starter period, 8.27% over the entire period) and carcass yield (8.60% at 5 days of age), reduced relative yolk sac weight (41.50% at 3 days of age, 27.13% at 5 days of age), and increased small intestine relative weight (8.72% at 5 days of age).
Animal and poultry nutrition
Rademan Bakhtiyari; yadollah chashnidel; asadollah Teimouri Yansari
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different sources of organic and inorganic selenium supplements in crossbred Zel lambs. Twenty-five male lambs aged 4-5 months and with average body weight (32 ± 1.5 kg) were assigned to 5 treatments with 5 repetitions, as a completely randomized ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different sources of organic and inorganic selenium supplements in crossbred Zel lambs. Twenty-five male lambs aged 4-5 months and with average body weight (32 ± 1.5 kg) were assigned to 5 treatments with 5 repetitions, as a completely randomized design for 84 days. The experimental treatments were:1) basal diet without selenium supplement (control); 2) basal diet + 0.5 mg Se/kg DM as selenium glycine; 3) basal diet + 0.5 mg Se/kg DM as selenium methionine; 4) basal diet + 0.5 mg Se/kg DM as selenium cysteine, and 5) basal diet + 0.5 mg Se/kg DM as sodium selenite. TPlasma selenium concentration increased significantly in all treatments supplemented with selenium compared to that in the control group. In the treatments containing selenium methionine and selenium cysteine supplements, the concentration of triiodothyronine hormone increased significantly compared with the treatments containing inorganic selenium and the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the serum concentration of tetraiodothyronine decreased in all lambs receiving selenium supplements compared to that in the control group (P<0.05), and the tetraiodothyronine/triiodothyronine ratio was lower in the treatments containing organic selenium supplement than in the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this research show that the addition of 0.5 mg Se/kg DM from both organic and inorganic sources meets the needs of growing lambs.
Animal and poultry biotechnology and microbiology
Maryam Asnaashari; Karim Nobari
Abstract
Chal is a traditional fermented dairy product resulting from the spontaneous camel milk fermentation, is traditionally produced by the nomads of Golestan province. The aim of this study was to evaluate composition and physicochemical properties, alcohol content, antioxidant activity, the nutritious metals, ...
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Chal is a traditional fermented dairy product resulting from the spontaneous camel milk fermentation, is traditionally produced by the nomads of Golestan province. The aim of this study was to evaluate composition and physicochemical properties, alcohol content, antioxidant activity, the nutritious metals, oxidation and organoleptic properties. The physicochemical properties results showed there was no significant difference among the evaluated parameters, including fat, ash and pH in samples collected from Gonbad, Maraveh Tapeh, Gomishan and Aqqala. Chal samples had a low alcohol content, which was less than the permissible limit according to the Iran National Standard Organization limits. DPPH free radical inhibition of Chals was significantly higher than raw milk, and the camel milk collected from Maraveh Tapeh (60%) showed the lowest antioxidant activity. Also, the raw camel milk and Chal have a significant difference in terms of ferric reduction activity. The calcium content of camel milk was 1.5 to 1.88g/L, and magnesium in camel milk was in the range of 72.02 to 101.79mg/L. The fermentation increased the nutritious minerals in Chal. The peroxide and thiobarbituric acid was decreased in Chal compared to the milk, which is probably due to the fermentation process, which leads to the breaking of milk fat molecules and the reduction of the primary and secondary oxidation compounds. The Chal samples had no significant difference in terms of sensory evaluation, except the Chal produced in Gomishan, which scored significantly less in their taste. The taste difference can be attributed to microorganism metabolites and processing difference.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Akbar Yaghobfar; Seyed mohammad hosseini; Fahime daneshyar
Abstract
IThe results show that no significant differences were observed in the effects of the treatments on glucose, calcium, phosphorus, and lactate dehydrogenase. Orthogonal contrast between wheat bran and soybean hull had significant differences in cholesterol, HDL, and LDL. Experimental treatments had no ...
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IThe results show that no significant differences were observed in the effects of the treatments on glucose, calcium, phosphorus, and lactate dehydrogenase. Orthogonal contrast between wheat bran and soybean hull had significant differences in cholesterol, HDL, and LDL. Experimental treatments had no significant effect on cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL concentrations. T3 was significantly different for orthogonal contrast between yeast and soybean hull for T3 and T4 wheat bran and soybean hull had a significant difference, but the experimental treatments had no significant effect on thyroid hormones. The treatment containing non-starch carbohydrates had no significant effect on immune responses of broilers antibody after SRBC injection. Orthogonal contrast between yeast and wheat bran, wheat bran, and soybean hull had significant differences in tibia length and wheat bran and soybean hull had a significant difference in the calcium of the tibia. Other characteristics of the tibia such as diameter, weight, and phosphorus were not affected. The effect of experimental treatments indicated that different sources of non-starch carbohydrates had a significant effect on tibia length. Treatments containing 5 and 10 percent wheat bran had the shortest length compared to the treatments of 0.2 percent yeast and 6 percent soybean hulls. The calcium and phosphorus content of the tibia was not affected by treatments. The experimental treatments had no significant effect on the population of E-Coli and Lactobacillus bacteria in the ileum.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Payam Panahi-Moghaddam; Yahya Ebrahimnezhad; Naser Maheri-Sis; Habib Aghdam-Shahryar; Abolfazl Aghajanzadeh-Golshani; Abolfazl Ghorbani
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of using multi-enzyme on performance, digestibility, intestinal microbial population and viscosity and pH of the digestive system of broiler breeders aged 45-60 weeks. For this purpose, 260 broiler breeders of Ross 308 strain were used in a completely ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of using multi-enzyme on performance, digestibility, intestinal microbial population and viscosity and pH of the digestive system of broiler breeders aged 45-60 weeks. For this purpose, 260 broiler breeders of Ross 308 strain were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications (13 hens and one rooster per replication). Experimental treatments include: 1) positive control (diet with standard energy and phosphorus and without multi-enzyme), 2) negative control (diet with 5% energy and 50% less phosphorus than standard and without multi-enzyme), 3) negative control diet with 1 g/kg multi-enzyme and 4) positive control diet with 1 g/kg multi-enzyme. The results showed that the negative control diet caused a significant decrease in egg laying percentage, egg weight and mass, and increased feed conversion ratio. Using 1 g/kg of multienzyme in the negative control diet made the above parameters similar to the positive control treatment. The positive control diet containing multi-enzyme increased the digestibility of dry matter, calcium and phosphorus compared to other treatments (P<0.05). The negative control diet containing multi-enzyme reduced the viscosity of jejunum contents compared to the negative control treatment (P<0.05). In general, feeding old broiler breeders with a diet of 5% energy and 50% phosphorus less than the standard caused a decrease in performance, digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and phosphorus, and an increase in intestinal viscosity, which were improved by adding multi-enzyme to the aforementioned parameters.
