Animal and poultry nutrition
Mojtaba Haghighat; Reza Naseri Harsini; soheil mirhabibi; Ali Maddahian; Hamid Reza Khodaei
Abstract
To study the possibility of using date meal in laying hens diet, 300 Hy-line W-36 (40 weeks old) were used based on a completely randomized design consisting 5 treatments and 4 replications. The experimental diets were formulated with same energy and protein content, and the experimental treatments were: ...
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To study the possibility of using date meal in laying hens diet, 300 Hy-line W-36 (40 weeks old) were used based on a completely randomized design consisting 5 treatments and 4 replications. The experimental diets were formulated with same energy and protein content, and the experimental treatments were: 1) control, without date meal; 2 and 3) 5.0 and 7.5% of date meal with pit, respectively; 4 and 5) 5.0 and 7.5% of date meal without pit, respectively. The presence of pit in the date meal resulted a relative increase in the percentage of crude protein and fiber and a relative decrease in the metabolizable energy of the product. The concentration of cholesterol in the yolk was significantly decreased by feeding both levels of date meal with pit and its concentration in the blood also was fell significantly by inclusion 7.5% date meal with pit (P<0.05). Hens fed diets containing date meal with pit exhibited significantly lower yolk weight (P<0.05) and egg weight was decreased due to the inclusion of date meal with pit in both levels or 5.0% date meal with without pit in the diet (P<0.05). Consumption of date meal with pit decreased egg mass and increased food conversion ratio significantly (P<0.05). Feed intake and the feed cost per kilogram of produced egg were not affected by treatments. Despite the reduction of egg cholesterol, using of date meal, especially with pit, negatively affected the laying hen’s performance and could not improve the economic efficiency of the rearing period.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Zeinab Kazemi Firoozi; Ayoub Azizi; Ali Kiani; Amir Fadaeifar
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of peanut waste feed (PWF) on growth performance, fermentation parameters, rumen microbial hydrolytic enzyme activity and blood chemical metabolites of fattening lambs. For this purpose, 28 fattening male-lambs with average ...
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The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of peanut waste feed (PWF) on growth performance, fermentation parameters, rumen microbial hydrolytic enzyme activity and blood chemical metabolites of fattening lambs. For this purpose, 28 fattening male-lambs with average age of 120±6 days and average live weight of 30±2.5 kg were used with 4 experimental treatments and 7 replications in the form of completely randomized design. The experimental diets contained PWF at levels 0 (control), 4, 8 and 12% based on dry matter (DM), and fed to animals. Including different levels of PWF in the diet had no significant effect on final body weight, total weight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion ration and DM intake compared to the control treatment (P>0.05). By increasing the level of PWF in the diet except for rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration which decreased linearly (P<0.05), other parameters including pH, concentration of volatile fatty acids, carboxymethylcellulase enzyme activity, microcrystalline cellulase and rumen filter paper degrading and blood glucose concentration were not affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05). Rumen protease activity in all internal, external and total parts, total rumen alpha-amylase activity and blood total protein concentration increased linearly with increasing the level of PWF in the diet (P<0.05), while the concentration blood urea nitrogen decreased linearly with increasing PWF level in the diet (P<0.05). In general, the results of the present study showed that the use of peanut waste feed up to 8% of diet DM is recommended in fattening lambs.
Animal and poultry nutrition
ayda teymouri; Abdolhakim Toghdory; Taghi Ghoorchi; mohammad asadi
Abstract
this study was conducted to investigate effect of milk enrichment with manganese supplement in organic and inorganic forms on performance, digestibility, skeletal growth indices, fecal consistency and hematology of suckling calves. 24 newborn calves were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 replications. ...
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this study was conducted to investigate effect of milk enrichment with manganese supplement in organic and inorganic forms on performance, digestibility, skeletal growth indices, fecal consistency and hematology of suckling calves. 24 newborn calves were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 replications. Experimental treatments include: 1) control group (without manganese supplementation), 2) Adding mineral manganese supplement to milk consumption and 3) Adding organic manganese supplements to milk consumption. Calves were weighed and measured every 21 days to determine performance and skeletal growth indices. Daily feed intake and post-feeding amount were measured and three days a week, the feces of the calves were randomly evaluated. The results showed that the enrichment of milk with manganese supplements in organic and inorganic forms caused weight gain in the whole period, daily weight gain and dry matter consumption. Calves that receiving milk with organic and inorganic manganese supplements had better digestibility of dry matter. Enrichment of milk with supplements in organic and inorganic forms had no effect on skeletal growth indices. The greatest improvement in fecal consistency was related to the group receiving organic manganese and then mineral manganese. An increase in hemoglobin, hematocrit and white blood cells was observed in the treatments receiving organic and inorganic manganese, and the highest amount of red blood cells was related to the treatment receiving milk with organic manganese. In general, it can be concluded that adding 30 mg of organic manganese to milk results in better performance and health of calves.
Animal and poultry management
Adel Vahedi; Mohammad Younesi alamooti
Abstract
Energy is used in different ways in the dairy industry and is wasted in the milk production process for various reasons. By using different production methods, livestock farmers play an essential role in the energy efficiency of their production unit. This research was carried out in 2023 in Tehran province ...
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Energy is used in different ways in the dairy industry and is wasted in the milk production process for various reasons. By using different production methods, livestock farmers play an essential role in the energy efficiency of their production unit. This research was carried out in 2023 in Tehran province with the aim of determining the indices of energy consumption, identifying efficient and inefficient dairy cattle producing farms in order to increase the efficiency of production units to the maximum and calculating the amount of energy that can be saved resulting from the optimization of energy consumption. Information was collected through questionnaires and document studies and random sampling from different dairy cattle units, and all the activities performed throughout the year were recorded. Energy indices including net energy gain, energy use efficiency, energy productivity and specific energy were determined. The results showed that the total amount of input energy is 172851.75 MJ per head of cow, and animal feed had the largest share of input energy with 72.36%. Among the main feeds consumed by dairy cows, concentrate, alfalfa, corn and straw contributed 40.87%, 11.20%, 20.01% and 0.28% of the total energy consumption, respectively. The amount of total energy output was 36886.482 MJ per head of cow, and milk production had the largest share with 87.02% of the total energy output. The energy use efficiency, net energy gain, energy productivity and energy intensity were determined as 0.21, -135965.27 MJ per a head of cow, 0.067 kg/MJ and 14.94 MJ/Kg respectively.
Animal and poultry nutrition
amir ahmadikhatir; Taghi Ghoorchi; Abdolhakim Toghdory; mohammad asadi
Abstract
In order to evaluate of the effect of feeding milk enriched of inorganic, organic and chromium nanoparticles supplements on performance, digestibility of nutrients, nutritional behaviors and microbial protein synthesis of Holstein Suckling calves under heat stress conditions, 32 calves with average weight ...
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In order to evaluate of the effect of feeding milk enriched of inorganic, organic and chromium nanoparticles supplements on performance, digestibility of nutrients, nutritional behaviors and microbial protein synthesis of Holstein Suckling calves under heat stress conditions, 32 calves with average weight 37± 3 kg in a complete design were randomly selected with 8 replications and 4 treatments. Experimental treatments include milk without chromium supplement (control), milk containing 3 mg of chromium in mineral form per day, milk containing 3 mg of chromium in the form of chromium-methionine per day and milk contained 3 mg of chromium in the form of chromium nanoparticles per day. The results showed that milk enrichment with chromium nanoparticles increased final weight, daily weight gain, dry matter intake and skeletal growth indices and decreased feed conversion ratio. Fecal consistency, number of animals with diarrhea and days of diarrhea in calves consuming different forms of chromium decreased compared to the control group. Treatments receiving chromium nanoparticles showed higher red blood cell and hemoglobin levels than other treatments. Immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M were affected by the experimental treatments, such that the treatment receiving chromium nanoparticles showed the highest levels compared to other treatments, and the lowest level of immunoglobulin was specific to the control group. In general, the use of chromium, especially in the forms of chromium-methionine and chromium nanoparticles, is recommended in calves affected by heat stress.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Shadie Asaddi; Seyed Ali Mirghelenj; mohsen daneshyar; Ali Hashemi; Sina Payvastegan; Hamed Khalilvandi-Behroozyar
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of spirulina supplementation in diets containing different levels of fish oil on performance, blood and liver antioxidant parameters, and serum lipid parameters in laying hens. For this purpose, a number of 288 laying hens were ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of spirulina supplementation in diets containing different levels of fish oil on performance, blood and liver antioxidant parameters, and serum lipid parameters in laying hens. For this purpose, a number of 288 laying hens were used in a 2×3 factorial design, with 6 replications and 8 birds in each replication. Experimental treatments included diets containing 3 levels of fish oil (0, 1.5 and 3% of diet) and 2 levels of Spirulina platensis (0 and 5 g/kg diet). The results showed that the hens treated with 1.5 and 3% fish oil and 5 g of spirulina had the highest egg weight and mass, which were significantly higher than the control treatment (P<0.05). Diets containing 3% fish oil decreased the total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase of the liver and the total antioxidant capacity of the serum, which the use of 5 g of spirulina increased the mentioned parameters (P<0.05). The interaction effect of spirulina and fish oil had synergistic effects on the concentration of triglyceride and LDL, and the levels of 1.5 and 3% fish oil along with 5 g of spirulina significantly reduced the concentration of triglyceride and LDL. In general, based on the obtained results, it is recommended to use 3% fish oil in the feeding of laying hens in order to improve animal performance while reducing blood fat, but to prevent lipid oxidation, it is necessary to use spirulina as a natural antioxidant.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Amir Hossein Alizadeh Ghamsari; Seyed Abdullah Hosseini; Hosna Hajati
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding Iranian and foreign toxin binders to the diet of broiler chickens contaminated with aflatoxin, using 200 day-old Cobb 500 chicks with 5 treatments, 4 replicates, and 10 birds in each replicate. The experimental diets included: 1) a ...
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The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding Iranian and foreign toxin binders to the diet of broiler chickens contaminated with aflatoxin, using 200 day-old Cobb 500 chicks with 5 treatments, 4 replicates, and 10 birds in each replicate. The experimental diets included: 1) a basal diet without aflatoxin and toxin binder (positive control), 2) basal diet containing 1200 ppm aflatoxin B1 and lacking toxin binder (negative control), 3) negative control+ commercial foreign toxin binder Mycofix plus® at a rate of 3 grams per kilogram, 4) negative control+ Iranian toxin binder Novitox alpha at a rate of 3 grams per kilogram, and 5) negative control+ Iranian toxin binder Novitox beta at a rate of 3 grams per kilogram of diet. After collecting data on growth performance, jejunal villus surface area, feed cost per kilogram of live body weight and total serum protein concentration of the broiler chickens at 42 days of age, a multi-attribute decision-making model was used to assess and compare the effects of using Iranian and foreign toxin binders. The results showed that the highest management score in this model belonged to the positive control treatment (0.6862), followed by negative control+ Novitox Alfa (0.6730), negative control+ Novitox Beta (0.6699), and negative control+ Mycofix Plus® (0.5852). Overall, the Iranian and foreign toxin binders used in this study were able to compensate for the performance decline caused by the presence of toxins in the diets of broilers, with a preference for using domestic products over foreign samples.
Honey bee
Mahmood Sahraei; Naser Tajabadi; Reza Khalkhali-Evrigh
Abstract
Considering the crucial importance of overwintering, controlling and optimizing hive temperature can significantly aid in the survival of bee populations during the cold seasons. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of the type of hive insulation in winter on population level and ...
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Considering the crucial importance of overwintering, controlling and optimizing hive temperature can significantly aid in the survival of bee populations during the cold seasons. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of the type of hive insulation in winter on population level and honey production. For the current study, 35 honeybee hives were used in the framework of four treatments and one control group. The treatments included hives insulated with tarpaulin, plastic sacks, polystyrene, and dual-walled plastic hives. The control group consisted of uninsulated hives. The results indicated that the type of insulation had a significant impact on traits such as spring population, winter honey remainder, adult and brood populations in spring and summer, as well as honey production (P <0.05). The use of dual-walled plastic hives had the best effect on maintaining population and less honey consumption during the wintering period. Excluding the control hives, insulation with polystyrene showed the weakest performance in terms of population preservation (61.83% survival rate) and winter honey consumption (23.5% honey remaining) (P <0.05). The amount of honey produced in treatments with dual-walled plastic hives (38.10 kg), tarpaulin insulation (34.73 kg), sacks (32.34 kg), and polystyrene (32 kg) was higher than the control group (28.11 kg) (P <0.05). Although in general, plastic hives showed the best performance, if beekeepers do not have access to this type of hive, using insulation with tarpaulin can be a suitable alternative
Animal and poultry nutrition
Porya Azizi; Soudabeh Moradi; reza Abdollahi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium levels and particle size of limestone on performance, egg quality, gizzard Ca, and apparent and true ileal Ca digestibility coefficient in commercial laying hens. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized factorial design (3×2) ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium levels and particle size of limestone on performance, egg quality, gizzard Ca, and apparent and true ileal Ca digestibility coefficient in commercial laying hens. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized factorial design (3×2) with three calcium levels (80%, 100%, and 120% of strain requirements; 3.27%, 4.09%, and 4.9%, respectively) and two particle sizes: fine (GMD= 406 µm) and coarse (GMD= 2766 µm) from 57-68 weeks in Lohmann (LSL lite) laying hens. Apparent and true ileal calcium digestibility coefficients increased with increasing limestone particle size (P < 0.01). The true calcium digestibility of fine limestone at 80%, 100%, and 120% of requirements was 0.494, 0.458, and 0.495, respectively, while for coarse limestone, it was 0.514, 0.644, and 0.698, respectively. The results of this experiment indicated that by increasing the particle size of calcium carbonate (from 406 to 2766 μm), the true calcium digestibility coefficients (0.482 vs. 0.619) and total tract retention increased, which was accompanied by an improvement in eggshell weight. A notable point in the results of this experiment was the lack of effect of calcium level on calcium digestibility coefficients and laying hen performance. Therefore, if in the laying hen industry, the desired eggshell thickness is achieved with 80% of the strain requirement, the calcium level in commercial diets can be reduced.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Ahmad Babazadeh Aghdam; Mohsen Daneshyar; Seyed Ali Mirghelenj; Seyed Mohammadreza Salehi Abri
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of reduced levels of organic trace elements on production performance, egg-chicken quality traits, ovarian condition and hatchability traits in aged broiler breeders. For this purpose, 144 broiler breeders of the Ross 308 strain (80 weeks) were ...
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The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of reduced levels of organic trace elements on production performance, egg-chicken quality traits, ovarian condition and hatchability traits in aged broiler breeders. For this purpose, 144 broiler breeders of the Ross 308 strain (80 weeks) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 6 replications (6 hens and one rooster in each replication) for 56 days. The experimental treatments included: 1) diet containing the mineral form of trace elements (0.25%), 2) diet containing 0.1% organic trace element supplement, 3) diet containing 0.15% organic trace element supplement and 4) diet containing 0.2% organic trace element supplement. The use of 0.15 and 0.20% organic trace elements in the diet of broiler breeder hens compared with 0.10% organic trace elements and 0.25% inorganic trace elements improved the egg laying percentage, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, hatchability percentage, shell strength and egg shell thickness (P<0.05). The egg-chicken fertility percentage in hens fed 0.20% organic trace elements was significantly higher than the control treatment (P<0.05). The number of large yellow follicles, the weight of large yellow follicles and the weight of the largest follicle ready for ovulation in hens fed 0.15 and 0.20% organic trace elements were significantly higher than the control and 0.10% organic trace elements (P<0.05). Overall, it was found that levels of 0.15 and 0.20% organic trace elements as optimal levels improved production performance, eggshell quality, ovarian follicle count, and hatching traits.
