Honey bee
Ataollah Rahimi; Shabnam Parichehreh
Abstract
Due to synthetic acaricides' adverse effects, the use of non-chemical methods, such as improving hygienic behaviors, is considered against the Varroa destructor. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the hygienic behaviors of Uncapping & Removing 150 honey bee colonies infected with ...
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Due to synthetic acaricides' adverse effects, the use of non-chemical methods, such as improving hygienic behaviors, is considered against the Varroa destructor. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the hygienic behaviors of Uncapping & Removing 150 honey bee colonies infected with Varroa mite from four cities of Kermanshah province from 2019 to 2020 using the liquid nitrogen method. The results showed that a significant difference was observed 48 hours after pouring liquid nitrogen between the honey bee colonies of the studied cities in terms of hygienic behaviors of Uncapping & Removing (P<0.05). The results of the comparison of means bees' hygienic behaviors 48 hours after pouring liquid nitrogen showed that the highest and lowest average hygienic behaviors were related to honey bee colonies of Sahneh city with an average of 85.48% and Sarpol-e Zahab city with an average of 58.26 %, respectively. The mean of the total hygienic behaviors of Uncapping & Removing of the studied population 48 hours after pouring liquid nitrogen was 79.9%. This high percentage of expression of hygienic behaviors indicates that the Uncapping & Removing hygienic behaviors in the honey bee population of Kermanshah province are expressed to an optimal level. In total, it can be concluded that the honey bee colonies of Kermanshah province can defend themselves against the Varroa mite by performing hygienic behaviors. Therefore, it is possible to improve the level of this behavior in the honey bee colonies of this province by implementing breeding programs.
Animal and poultry nutrition
mirhassan beiranvand; amin kazemizadeh
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of different levels of dietary fat and vitamin E on the growth performance and blood parameters of Japanese quail. The experiment was conducted with 320 pieces of one-day-old quail in the form of a completely randomized design with 20 experimental ...
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The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of different levels of dietary fat and vitamin E on the growth performance and blood parameters of Japanese quail. The experiment was conducted with 320 pieces of one-day-old quail in the form of a completely randomized design with 20 experimental units including 5 groups, 4 replications and A number of 16 pieces of quail chicks were performed in each repetition. The experimental groups include: 1) base diet (control), 2) base diet containing 2% soybean oil, 3) base diet containing 2% tallow oil, 4) base diet containing 2% soybean oil and 200 mg/kg vitamin E, 5) base diet They contained 2% tallow oil and 200 mg/kg vitamin E. The results showed that the treatment containing 2% tallow oil and vitamin E increased the weight of the birds compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). The lowest feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were observed in the birds that received the groups containing soybean oil or tallow along with vitamin E. Persistence percentage was not affected by experimental groups (P<0.05). The highest level of production index was related to the birds fed with the level of two percent tallow oil and E. The effect of experimental groups on blood parameters including total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL was not significant (P<0.05). In general, the use of two percent tallow oil along with vitamin E in the diet of birds improved the performance of quails.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Mahmood Sahraei; nader asadzadeh; Akbar Yaghobfar
Abstract
This experiment was performed to evaluation treated wheat screening waste in diet of broiler chickens. A total of 432 broilers (Ross 308) were used in completely randomized design for 9 treatments with 4 replicates of 12 chicks per replicate for 42 days. Treatments included 1) corn and soybean meal 2) ...
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This experiment was performed to evaluation treated wheat screening waste in diet of broiler chickens. A total of 432 broilers (Ross 308) were used in completely randomized design for 9 treatments with 4 replicates of 12 chicks per replicate for 42 days. Treatments included 1) corn and soybean meal 2) corn and soybean meal in which 15% corn was replaced with wheat screening 3) corn and soybean meal in which 30% corn with substituted by wheat screening 4) diet 2 Natuzyme plus500 g /tone of diet 5) diet 3 + Natuzyme plus diet 500 g / tone of diet 6) diet 2 + protxin 150 g / ton of diet 7) diet 3 + protxin 150 g / tone of diet 8 ) diet 2+ 75 g protxin + 250g Natuzyme plus /ton of diet 9) diet 3+ 75 g protxin + 250g Natuzyme plus /ton of diet. In terms of production efficiency index, the highest levels was observed in control and in the diet containing 15% wheat screening with and without enzyme, probiotic and enzyme + probiotic (P<0.05). The highest villi length was observed in the treatments receiving 15% wheat screening wastes + multi-enzyme + probiotic supplement )P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this experiment showed that, corn of diet replaced by 15% of wheat screening pluse 250 g of enzyme + 75 g probiotic per ton of diet can be used in broiler diets without any adverse effects on performance, production index and nutrient digestibility
Animal and poultry nutrition
Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirhosseini; Seyed Naser Mousavi; Ali Afsar
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation to reduced protein diets on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters of broiler chickens. For this purpose, 240 male Ross 308 broilers were allocated to 6 treatments with 4 replications ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation to reduced protein diets on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters of broiler chickens. For this purpose, 240 male Ross 308 broilers were allocated to 6 treatments with 4 replications and 10 birds per replication. The dietary treatments consisted of a 3×2 factorial arrangement of reduced dietary CP (100%, 90 and 80% of Ross 308, 2009 recommendation), with or without GAA (0.06%). Body weight gain was significantly reduced when dietary ideal protein was reduced by 20%, during 11-24 and 25-42 days of age (P<0.05). The transition from 100 to 80% CP, increased feed conversion ratio significantly during grower period. An interaction was found between CP level and GAA for feed intake during 11-24 and 25-42 days of age. GAA addition reduced feed intake of treatments with reduced protein diet (80% of management guide recommendation). Body weight gain and FCR were not affected by dietary GAA supplementation. Addition of guanidine acetic acid in the diet resulted in relatively higher carcass performance and significantly lower heart weight (P<0.05). It was concluded form the result of the current experiment that reducing the ideal protein to 80 % of management guide recommendation resulted in inferior growth performance and dietary GAA supplementation did not improve the bird’s performance.
Animal and poultry nutrition
soheil yousefi; Mansour Rezaei; Mohammad Kazemi-Fard; bahram shohreh
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding enzymes and probiotics in diets containing different levels of metabolizable energy on performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology and microbial population in broiler chickens fed with a diet based on wheat-soybean meal. ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding enzymes and probiotics in diets containing different levels of metabolizable energy on performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology and microbial population in broiler chickens fed with a diet based on wheat-soybean meal. This experiment was performed with 8 treatments and 5 replications with 400 maleRoss 308 broiler chicks. Treatments including diets with and without multi-enzyme (0, 500 g/t), with and without probiotics lactofid (0, 200 g/t) and two levels of metabolizable energy (2850 and 3100 kcal/kg) in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement with completely randomized design was. Adding ration energy to 3100 kcal/kg resulted in improvement of feed consumption and weight gain in the whole experiment period (P<0.05). Addition of probiotic and multienzyme increased villi height and width, decreased crypt depth and increased crypt height-to-depth ratio in duodenum of 24-day-old chickens (P<0.05). The addition of probiotics increased the bacterial population of Lactobacillus and decreased the coliform (P<0.05). Adding the energy level of the diet to 3100 kcal/kg increased the population of bacteria (lactobacillus, coliform and total bacteria) (P<0.05), but the interaction effect of multienzyme, probiotic and energy on the microbial population of the digestive tract did not have a significant effect (P>0.05). In general, adding enzymes and probiotics to the diet with 3100 kcal of metabolizable energy increased feed consumption and improved the beneficial microbial population.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Gholamreza Zaboli
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of synbiotic on performance, intestinal microbial population and morphology of broiler chicks subjected to chronic heat stress and estimation of optimal point of synbiotic using broken line modeling. In total, 240 one-day-old (Ross 308) ...
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of synbiotic on performance, intestinal microbial population and morphology of broiler chicks subjected to chronic heat stress and estimation of optimal point of synbiotic using broken line modeling. In total, 240 one-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chicks were allocated into four experimental treatments with five replications (12 chicks) in complete random design. Treatments containing 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 (g/Kg) synbiotic added to experimental diet from 3 to 42 days. Chronic heat stress was induced from 28 to 42 days of age to all groups (32 degree Celsius for 6 hours, from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm).The results showed that synbiotic improved body weight gain and feed intake significantly to 28 day and during chronic heat stress (p≥0.05). So that, the groups receiving 1 and 1.5 (g/kg) of synbiotic had the highest performance. Treatments affected microbial population and caused increasing lactic-acid producing bacteria (p≥0.05). Moreover, the result showed that treatments made significant difference in intestinal morphology and increased villus height (p≥0.05). European production index significantly increased the groups receiving 1 and 1.5 (g/kg) of synbiotic (p≥0.05). The results of this study showed that using synbiotic during chronic heat stress, improved performance through positive changes in morphology and microbial population of intestine. Based on linear and quadratic broken line modeling, the optimal point of synbiotic are 1.3 and 1.42 (g/Kg diet) respectively.
Animal and poultry genetics and breeding
Davoud Ali Saghi; Hamid Reza Bahmani; Razieh Saghi
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the current status and estimate the extinction probability of the endangered Karakul sheep breed in Iran. To achieve this, census data and required parameters were collected from Karakul sheep flocks and available resources during project implementation. Two scenarios ...
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This research aims to investigate the current status and estimate the extinction probability of the endangered Karakul sheep breed in Iran. To achieve this, census data and required parameters were collected from Karakul sheep flocks and available resources during project implementation. Two scenarios of past and future population dynamics assuming the continuation of the existing conditions within the Karakul sheep habitat were simulated using the Population Viability Analysis (PVA) method and VORTEX version 10.5.6. By employing the gathered biological parameters and assumptions, the simulation of past population dynamics closely replicated actual historical trends. Conversely, the simulation of future population dynamics indicated that, under current conditions, the trend of increasing inbreeding and decreasing genetic diversity within the studied population is likely to persist. The extinction probability of the Karakul sheep breed could become a reality as early as 1438, with the estimated mean time to the first extinction of this breed being 51.08 ± 4.47 years. Sensitivity testing revealed that factors such as the excessive harvest of adult ewes beyond the usual annual harvest, the frequency of feed limitations, and the use of other breeds in mating exert the most significant influence on future population viability measures, primarily due to economic considerations.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Saeed Hoonejani; Seyed Davood Sahrifi; Reza Sadeghi; shokoufe ghazanfari
Abstract
The effect of utilization of feed disinfected with ozone gas on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters of broilers was investigated using 432 Ross 308 male broilers in a 3×2 factorial arrangement with three levels of ozone gas (zero, 20, and 30 parts per million) and two levels ...
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The effect of utilization of feed disinfected with ozone gas on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters of broilers was investigated using 432 Ross 308 male broilers in a 3×2 factorial arrangement with three levels of ozone gas (zero, 20, and 30 parts per million) and two levels of fat including low (1.5 and 2% vegetable oil for grower and finisher periods, respectively) and high (3 and 4% of vegetable oil for grower and finisher periods, respectively) in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications of 18 birds in each. At 42 days of age, two birds were selected from each replication and slaughtered after weighing and the weights of the carcass, heart, liver, small intestine, and ceca were measured precisely. The results showed that the weight gain of chicks fed a high-fat, ozone-free diet was significantly higher than that of chicks fed a high-fat, gassed with a 20 ppm ozone diet (P <0.05). The ceca weight of chicks fed low-fat diets was higher than that of birds fed high-fat diets and birds fed diets gassed with 20 ppm ozone had higher ceca weight (P <0.05). According to the results of this experiment, it seems that the utilization of ozone gas for the disinfection of diets containing high levels of fat has a negative effect on feed quality and reduces the performance of broilers.
Animal and poultry nutrition
anvar amouzmehr; Behrouz Dastar; Omid Ashayerizadeh; Reza Mirshekar; reza Abdollahi
Abstract
A total of 450 Ross 308 female broiler breeder pullets were distributed into 30 experimental units with 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 15 birds per each. The experiment was performed in a a completely randomized design with a factorial 2 × 3 arrangement consisted of 3 feed forms (mash, crumble, ...
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A total of 450 Ross 308 female broiler breeder pullets were distributed into 30 experimental units with 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 15 birds per each. The experiment was performed in a a completely randomized design with a factorial 2 × 3 arrangement consisted of 3 feed forms (mash, crumble, and pellet) and 2 levels of nutrient density (standard diet and diluted diet to 90% standard) in the grower and pre-breeder periods. The results showed that feed form in the diluted diet had no significant effect on the weight of broiler breeder pullets during the grower period, while the use of pellet feed compared to mash feed in the standard diet caused a significant increase in body weight (P< 0.05). Pellet and crumble feeds compared to mash feed in the pre-production period caused a significant increase in body weight and diet dilution caused a significant decrease in the body weight of broiler breeder pullets (P<0.05). Neither feed form nor nutrient density significantly affected jejunum villi morphology (P> 0.05). The use of pellet feed compared to mash feed caused an increase in the thickness of the gizzard dorsal muscles (P< 0.05). Based on the results of this experiment, the use of pellet or crumble diets containing nutrients recommended levels can cause problems in weight control in broiler breeder pullets due to increased weight, but diluting the diet to 90% of the nutrients recommendation are effective to a large extent in controlling body weight.
Animal and poultry nutrition
Farrokh Bikas; M. Daneshyar; Abas Nikoo; Sayed Ali Mirghelenj
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ammonium acetate on reducing the amount of fungal toxins in feed and its effect on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chickens. For this purpose, 300 one-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were used in a completely ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ammonium acetate on reducing the amount of fungal toxins in feed and its effect on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chickens. For this purpose, 300 one-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 5 repetitions and 10 birds in each repetition. Corn-soybean meal based experimental treatments included negative control (without fungal toxins), positive control (basal diet containing corn contaminated with aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone) and positive control diets containing 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1 g/kg of ammonium acetate. Performance traits were measured during the starter, grower, finisher and whole the experimental period. Carcass characteristics and blood parameters were determined at day 42 of age. The results showed that the birds treated with negative control diet and positive control diet containing 0.08 and 0.1 g/kg of ammonium acetate had higher daily feed intake, weight gain, carcass yield and breast weight as compared to the positive control treated birds. Birds receiving the negative control diet and positive control diets containing different levels of ammonium acetate had lower AST and ALT concentrations than the birds in positive control treatment. In general, it was found that the consumption of 0.08 and 0.1 g/kg of ammonium acetate in the contaminated feed with fungal toxins improves the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens through removing the negative effects of the toxins.
Animal and poultry nutrition
saeed gholamian; Taghi Ghoorchi; behnam ghorbani; mohammad asadi
Abstract
In this first experiment, in order to determine the process of ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein of cottonseed using the nylon bag method, four splenic fistulated sheep were used.16 male lambs with an average weight of 27.57±1.3 kg and an age of 120±10 days were used ...
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In this first experiment, in order to determine the process of ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein of cottonseed using the nylon bag method, four splenic fistulated sheep were used.16 male lambs with an average weight of 27.57±1.3 kg and an age of 120±10 days were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications for 84 days. The experimental diets included: zero (control), seven, 14 and 21% of whole cotton seeds. The results of the present study showed that the potential degradability of dry matter and crude protein of cottonseed in this study was 61.26 and 87.39%, respectively, which indicates the high degradability of dry matter and crude protein of cottonseed in the rumen. in terms of average final weight, lambs receiving levels of 14% and 21% had the highest (46.47) and lowest (43.69) final weight respectively (P<0.05), The increase of cottonseed caused a significant decrease in the digestibility of dry matter, also the lambs receiving 21% of cottonseed had the highest digestibility of the ether extract. Also, the blood glucose levels were also higher in the lambs of the control group. And the recipient of seven percent cottonseed was more than the other two treatments, while the concentration of blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels of the lambs receiving the levels were 14 and 21% higher than the other two treatments (P<0.05). In general, according to the present results show that cottonseed can be used up to 14% in the diet of fattening lambs.
Golafshan Mahaki; Manouchehr Souri; Reza Masoudi; nader asadzadeh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of ram semen. For this purpose, 15 adult Zandi rams (3 to 4 years old) were used. Rams were fed the following diets during 60 days: 1) the base diet, 2) base diet ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of ram semen. For this purpose, 15 adult Zandi rams (3 to 4 years old) were used. Rams were fed the following diets during 60 days: 1) the base diet, 2) base diet containing 35 mg/kg zinc nanoparticles and 3) base diet containing 70 mg/kg zinc nanoparticles. Sperm collection was done from the first day of the experiment for 60 days and once every 10 days by artificial vagina. Quantitative and qualitative sperm parameters including semen volume, number of spermatozoa, motility, membrane integrity and viability were evaluated. The results showed that diet supplementation with 70 mg/kg of zinc nanoparticles improved the number of sperm, motility, progressive motility, membrane integrity and viability compared to the control group and the group receiving 35 mg/kg of zinc nanoparticles (P <0.05). Therefore, adding zinc nanoparticles to the diet is a suitable method to improve semen quality and thus increase reproductive performance in ram.
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