A. Siyadati; Y. Chashnidel; E. Dirandeh
Abstract
In order to survey the effect of three levels ofdietary cation-anion difference (DACD) on lactating performance, milk fatty acid profile, plasma and urine mineral concentration during heat stress. Eighteen Holstein cows (parity = 3, milk 43.5±1.5 Kg/d) were used in completely randomized design ...
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In order to survey the effect of three levels ofdietary cation-anion difference (DACD) on lactating performance, milk fatty acid profile, plasma and urine mineral concentration during heat stress. Eighteen Holstein cows (parity = 3, milk 43.5±1.5 Kg/d) were used in completely randomized design and randomly assigned into three treatments: (1) +20 DACD (mEq/kg DM), (2) +33 DACD (mEq/kg DM) and (3) +55 DCAD (mEq/kg DM). Cows were fed experimental diets for 35 days starting from calving. Results showed dry matter intake (P < 0.001), milk production (P < 0.001) and milk fat percentage (P < 0.001) affected by different levels of dietary cation-anion difference and was greatest in cows received +55 DCAD (mEq/kg DM). Maximum blood pH was found for cows fed +55 DCAD (mEq/kg DM, P < 0.03). Concentration or pressure pCO2 and HCO3 concentrations significantly declined with increasing DCAD. Increasing DCAD significantly affected short chain fatty acids (C4-C10) and C18 fatty acids. Concentration of C18 fatty acids in levels of +20, +33 and +55 DACD (mEq/kg DM) were 14.49, 19.66 and 15.87 respectively. In conclusion dietary cation-anion difference in +55 mEq/kg DM level improved productive and reproductive performances via increasing dry matter intake, improving pH and rumen buffering power and body electrolyte balance, during heat stress.
akram shabani; F. Boldaji; B. Dastar; T. Ghorchi; S. Zerehdaran
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of fermented fish waste in feeding broiler chickens on gastrointestinal microbial population and blood parameters. Fish waste per Kg was fermented with 15% molasses and 5% starter culture (containing Lactobacillus plantarum and Aspergillus oryzae). After ...
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This experiment was conducted to study the effect of fermented fish waste in feeding broiler chickens on gastrointestinal microbial population and blood parameters. Fish waste per Kg was fermented with 15% molasses and 5% starter culture (containing Lactobacillus plantarum and Aspergillus oryzae). After the 15 days of fermentation, the amounts of pH and lactic acid bacteria population (log10 CFU/g) in fish waste were changed from 6.12 and 6.99 to 3.91 and 11.88 in fermented fish waste, respectively. A total of 240 male Cobb 500 broilers were allocated into 5 treatments with 4 replicates of 12 chickens each using a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments contained 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% fermented fish waste replaced by soybean meal in diets. Results showed that replacement of different levels of fermented fish waste with soybean meal in broiler’s diets decreased pH in crop and ileum compared to the control group. Feeding fish waste fermentation in ages of 11-22 and 23-42 days resulted to increase lactic acid bacteria population in crop and decrease coliforms population in ileum of broilers (P<0.05). At age of 23-42 days, the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL and LDL significantly decreased in treatments containing fermented fish waste compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). Therefore, replacing a part of soybean meal with fermented fish waste in the diet causes ensure hygiene and public health of broiler chickens by improving balance of gastrointestinal microbial population and reducing serum cholesterol.
Mohammad Ali Nazari; Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh; Abdol Ahad Shadparvar
Abstract
In this research data of Iranian native buffaloes which were collected by the animal breeding center of Iran in 20 years from 1993 to 2013 were used. Data for first, second and third parities included 4339, 4439 and 4445 test-day records, respectively, which were distributed in 298 herds. The GLM procedure ...
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In this research data of Iranian native buffaloes which were collected by the animal breeding center of Iran in 20 years from 1993 to 2013 were used. Data for first, second and third parities included 4339, 4439 and 4445 test-day records, respectively, which were distributed in 298 herds. The GLM procedure of SAS was used for determining the environmental effects affecting on milk protein percentage. The fixed effects of herd-test day, year-season and days in milk and age at calving as covariate were fitted in the model of analysis. Genetic parameters were estimated for milk protein percentage on different days in milk using single trait random regression model of the Wombat software. Heritability estimates for this trait in the first, second and third parities ranged from 0.005 to 0.14, 0.03 to 0.7 and 0.005 to 0.24, respectively. The highest heritability for milk protein percentage in the first, second and third parities were estimated in 300th, 300th and 5th days in milk as 0.14, 0.7 and 0.24, respectively. The means of genetic correlation in the first, second and third parities were estimated to be 0.09, 0.98 and 0.95, respectively. The heritability estimates of milk protein percentage were relatively high in this study. Therefore, optimal milk protein percentage can be obtained by selection in Iranian buffaloes.
nader papi; Farrokh Kafilzadeh; Hassan Fazaeli
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of molasses on fermentation and chemical composition of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) fodder (JAF). A complete randomized design with three treatments and five replications was used. The treatments were as follows: ...
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of molasses on fermentation and chemical composition of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) fodder (JAF). A complete randomized design with three treatments and five replications was used. The treatments were as follows: JAF silage, JAF silage mixed with 50g molasses/kg fresh forage, and JAF silage mixed with 100g molasses/kg fresh forage. The forage was cut at early flowering stage and chopped in a stationary machine. The chopped fodder was ensiled in experimental silos (12 liter capacity), equipped with nylon for gas escape. The material was compacted manually, placing approximately 10 kg fresh forage in each silo. The silos were open 60 days after closing for apparent evaluation (color, smell and tissue) and sampling. When silos were opened sub-samples of approximately 50 g were collected to analyze for pH, ammonia-N and organic acids (acetic, propionic, butyric, iso-butyric, valeric, iso-valeric lactic acid). Another 50 g sub-sample was used for determining chemical composition (DM, total nitrogen, Ash, water soluble carbohydrate, NDF and ADF). Results showed that pH, ammonia-N, NDF, and ADF were decreased and content of DM, OM and water soluble carbohydrate of silage increased (P<0.001) by increasing level of molasses. However, as molasses levels increased, a linear decrease for acetate was observed (P=0.01) but lactate and butyrate were not affected. In conclusion, the fodder yield of Jerusalem artichoke had enough quantity of water soluble carbohydrate for reasonable fermentation in silage.
Mahmood Sahraei; S. A. Hoseini; A. Ghanbari; A. Mostafa Tehrani; S. Rahimi
Abstract
To investigate the mineral composition of mineral oyster produced in Khowsar city of Ardabil province, two experiments were performed. In the first study, in six composed samples and one type commercial oyster level of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, fluorine and their solubility of in 0.1 N of HCL and ...
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To investigate the mineral composition of mineral oyster produced in Khowsar city of Ardabil province, two experiments were performed. In the first study, in six composed samples and one type commercial oyster level of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, fluorine and their solubility of in 0.1 N of HCL and double distillated water, were done. Only calcium amount and solubility rate in Ardabil oyster, lower than commercial oyster (p<0.05). In second stage, were used of 240 one day old male Ross 308 broiler chickens in completed randomized design with 5 treatments by 4 replicates containing 12 chicks from 1-46 day old. In these experiment, Replaced commercial oyster with Ardabil oyster in five levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100). Performance indexes, carcass traits, tibial bone morphology had not significant in different treatments. Calcium apparent retention and blood calcium concentration in treatments containing 75 and 100 percent of commercial oyster was higher than diet containing 100 percent Ardabil oyster (p<0.05). The highest relative bioavailability (RBV) about 110.63 was seen in diets containing 25 percent Ardabil oyster plus 75 percent commercial oyster in grower phase and vice versa in finisher phase. Overall, based on performance indexes and bone morphologic traits, commercial oyster in broiler chicken diets could be replaced by 100 percent level of Ardabil oyster.
T. Rezaei; M. Khodaei motlagh; M. Kazemi
Abstract
The 15 Holstein bull calves averaging 10.3 months age (± 0.8)and 284.6 kg BW (± 33.2) were allocated in a completely randomized design (5 bull calves per treatment) to investigate the effect of organic zinc supplement(Zn-Gly) on feed intake, growth, blood metabolites and testosterone and ...
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The 15 Holstein bull calves averaging 10.3 months age (± 0.8)and 284.6 kg BW (± 33.2) were allocated in a completely randomized design (5 bull calves per treatment) to investigate the effect of organic zinc supplement(Zn-Gly) on feed intake, growth, blood metabolites and testosterone and testicular development. Three treatments were dietary feeding of 0 (control), 250 or500 mg Zn-Glyper day, respectively. The study lasted 135 days. Feed intake, growth performance, testes development and blood metabolites were determined. The feed intake and growth performance of the animals were not affected by the treatments(p > 0.05).Average scrotal circumference of calves received zinc-Gly supplements was higher compared to the control group(p<0.05) and testicles width was tended to increase (P=0.08). Blood parameters, except testosterone and alanine amino transferase, were the same among the treatments (P>0.05).With increasing daily feeding of organic Zn, thetestosterone concentration increased, and ALT enzyme decreased. Based on the obtained results, although organic zinc supplementation had no effects on feed intake and growth performance of bull calves, fertility parameters were affected positively through increased testosterone and testicular growth.
naghmeh saedi; mojtaba Tahmoorespur; mohammad reza nasirri; mohammad hadi sekhavati
Abstract
Camel milk is regarded as one of the richest protein sources. Lactophorin is one of the most important proteins in camel milk whey. Promoter Regions are those which have special significance in gene expression .The aim of this study was examined the structure of promoter region of Lactophorin gene with ...
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Camel milk is regarded as one of the richest protein sources. Lactophorin is one of the most important proteins in camel milk whey. Promoter Regions are those which have special significance in gene expression .The aim of this study was examined the structure of promoter region of Lactophorin gene with about 790 nucleotide in two Iranian Dromedary and Bactrian camels. 10 and 5 blood samples were obtained from Dromedary and Bactrian camels, respectively. The considered region was amplified and sequenced by using of specific primers. lactophorin gene structure was investigated by using genetic analysis. After aligning of the obtained gene sequences, 4 haplotype in dromedary, and 3 haplotype in Bactrian camels were observed. In addition, 12 and 10 motifs were found in dromedary and Bactrian camels, respectively. Consequently, regarding the fact that there is no information about the structure and sequencing of camel milk protein especially in Iranian species, it seems that doing some complementary studies due to specifying and analyzing the gene structure of this protein may provide more comprehensive and beneficial information about the changes and probable variations of the gene in Iranian species.
Saeed Abedi; Hamid-reza aliakbarpour; kazem Yossefi Kelarikolaei
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the effect of reducing dietary amino acid (DAA) levels (recommended dose by Arian and 6% less than recommended dose up to 25 d of age) and strain cross (classic and new) on performance and some of immune system characteristics (ISC) of Arian broilers. Five hundred ...
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This study was carried out to examine the effect of reducing dietary amino acid (DAA) levels (recommended dose by Arian and 6% less than recommended dose up to 25 d of age) and strain cross (classic and new) on performance and some of immune system characteristics (ISC) of Arian broilers. Five hundred 1-d-old male and female chicks were allocated in four experimental groups with 5 replicates in each group for 44 days and data were analyzed in a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design. The amounts of DAA were calculated according to the amount of digestible lysine. On 21 and 42 d of age, blood sample were taken from 2 birds (male and female) of each pen via the wing vein and hetrophile and lymphocyte were counted. The data on performance were recorded in different ages and weights of immune organs were measured in 44 d of age. Feed intake in 18 d of age and feed conversion ratio in 18 and 25 d of age increased significantly by decreasing the DAA (P<0.05). DAA levels and Arian strain caused no significant difference on the body and immune organs weight, heterophile and lymphocyte cells counts and heterophile-to-lymphocyte ratio (H/L). No interactions were found between DAA and strain on performance and ISC. The results at condition of this experiment showed that growth performance of new strain of Arian broiler was the same with classic strain, and 6 % reduction of DAA levels in early age couldn’t affect performance and H/L ratio.
Pirouz Shakeri; M. Hoseini Ghafari; H. Fazaeli
Abstract
This review aimed to collect and summarize all available current evidence of the effects of pistachio by-product (PBP) on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation, microbial protein synthesis, methane emission, physiological parameters and blood metabolites in ruminants. The results showed that the concentration ...
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This review aimed to collect and summarize all available current evidence of the effects of pistachio by-product (PBP) on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation, microbial protein synthesis, methane emission, physiological parameters and blood metabolites in ruminants. The results showed that the concentration of NH3-N and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis in the rumen decreased in PBP supplemented diets, although the PBP diets had lower microbial protein synthesiscompared to the control groups. By increasing PBP supplementation the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and the total population of the rumen bacteria in the rumen were reduced in some experiments. Some studies suggest that the use of PBP can be a useful strategy for increasing the CLA content of milk fat in Saanen dairy goats. This by-product is effective in reducing methane emissions from livestock. In general, PBP can be used in ruminant diets at inclusion levels up to 300 g/kg, or more without interfering with performance, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, hematological parameters, and kidney and liver function.
Mohammad Hossein Nemati; seyed abdollah Hosseini; Vahid Ghasemloo; Amir Meimanipour
Abstract
A trial was conducted to study the effects of the aromatic plant Turmeric, cinnamon powder, probiotic (Protexin) and avilamycin on broiler performance, blood biochemical parameters and immune response in a completely randomized design with seven dietary treatments and four replications. Treatments were: ...
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A trial was conducted to study the effects of the aromatic plant Turmeric, cinnamon powder, probiotic (Protexin) and avilamycin on broiler performance, blood biochemical parameters and immune response in a completely randomized design with seven dietary treatments and four replications. Treatments were: control, 150 mg/kg avilamycin, 100 mg/kg protexin, 5 g/kg ground Turmeric, 7.5 g/kg ground Turmeric, 5 g/kg ground cinnamon and 7.5 g/kg ground cinnamon. In general, body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were not affected by dietary treatments compared to the control birds (P>0.05). Total protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglyceride affected by treatments (P<0.05). Control group had the lowest Alkaline phosphatase enzyme that significantly differ with other groups (P<0.05). The highest and lowest level of calcium and phosphorus were observed in protexin and control group respectively (P<0.05). In this experiment, use of different feed additives had no significance on antibody response. In general, current results showed that the use of feed additives had the greatest impact on blood parameters in the early period and in this study, probiotic treatment had positive effects on blood parameters as compared to other additives.
Saeed Ahadi; H. Dermani Kohi; Navid Ghavi Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
In this experiment, 1032 one-day-old Japanese quails were randomly divided into 4 dietary treatment groups with 3 replicates of 86 quails in each. The treatment groups were: 1) group with low dietary nutrient concentration [95% of nutrients recommended by NRC (1994), -5% NRC], 2) group with medium dietary ...
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In this experiment, 1032 one-day-old Japanese quails were randomly divided into 4 dietary treatment groups with 3 replicates of 86 quails in each. The treatment groups were: 1) group with low dietary nutrient concentration [95% of nutrients recommended by NRC (1994), -5% NRC], 2) group with medium dietary nutrient (DN) concentration [100% of nutrients recommended by NRC (1994)], 3) group with high DN concentration [105% of nutrients recommended by NRC (1994), +5% NRC] and 4) group with very high DN concentration [110% of nutrients recommended by NRC (1994), +10% NRC]. Feed intake was affected by dietary treatments only during 0-21 d period, with a lesser of feed consumption for group 1 compared to the other groups. Body weight gain was increased in harmony to the nutrient concentration in all phases of the experiment. The best feed conversion ratio was achieved by +10% NRC. Except for the relative weights (% of live weight) of thigh muscle, pancreases and gizzard, there were no significant differences between the dietary treatments for other carcass parts. According to the Gompertz function, asymptotic weight (Wf) was higher in +10% NRC (295 g) than the other dietary treatments (269, 292.7 and 290 g for -5% NRC, NRC and +5% NRC, respectively) as was the case with growth rate constant (b: 0.059, 0.059, 0.061 and 0.061 for -5% NRC, NRC, +5% NRC and +10% NRC, respectively). The range of age and weight at point of inflection were from 19.7 to 20.8 d and 99.3 to 108.7, respectively.
M. Abdolmaleki; K. Pahlavan Afshar; hamid reza seyedabadi
Abstract
Preservation of genetic diversity in population of Marghos goat is very important. Studying cytochrome b region of mitochondrial genome in within breeds can give useful information about genetic diversity of the population. The purpose of current research was genetic and phylogenetic investigation of ...
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Preservation of genetic diversity in population of Marghos goat is very important. Studying cytochrome b region of mitochondrial genome in within breeds can give useful information about genetic diversity of the population. The purpose of current research was genetic and phylogenetic investigation of mitochondrial genome cytochrome b region in Marghos goat. In order to, blood samples were collected from 40 Marghos goats. After extracting DNA, fragment 892 bp of cytochrome b region genome mitochondrial amplified by primers was designed and fragment amplified after purification was sequenced. Four different haplotypes were determined based on four single nucleotide polymorphism sequences. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity were estimated in Marghos goat population 0.1 and 0.00239 respectively. Using the UPGM phylogenetic test results showed that the Marghos goat population is separate group from other Asian goat breeds. The reason for this gap may be due to the geographic distance between the distributions of in Marghos goat with other breeds goats.
Arash javanmard; nader asadzadeh; Mohammad Hossein banabazi; Karim hasanpur; mokhtar ghaffari
Abstract
Discovery of accurate, easy and economic embryo sex determination in the dairy cattle industry assumed highly particular importance. CffDNA is novel potential material to determine the sex of the fetus in early gestation period has not imposed negative effect on embryo health. In this regard, in overall, ...
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Discovery of accurate, easy and economic embryo sex determination in the dairy cattle industry assumed highly particular importance. CffDNA is novel potential material to determine the sex of the fetus in early gestation period has not imposed negative effect on embryo health. In this regard, in overall, 16 Holstein cows experiencing eight weeks of gestation and 4 non-pregnant Holstein cows, two bulls (negative control) were chosen as candidates for this present experiment and subsequently that plasma was separated to extract ccfDNA. Qiagene commercial kit was used to extract. DEAD box protein gene-based primers for this study based on both chromosomes X and Y and past articles were selected and were synthesized reported. Polymerase reaction and the required conditions were optimized using proposed standard. The results of electrophoresis PCR patterns male fetus’s two bands and one band of female fetuses showed. Monitoring of birth of each gender embryos under the test after the birth of calves showed compelet match the molecular results re-confirmed
M. Izadkhah; M. B. Montazer Torbati
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding different levels of Berberis Vulgaris fruit on performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, immune and antioxidant systems of broiler chickens. 240 commercial broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to a five treatments (with four replicants ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding different levels of Berberis Vulgaris fruit on performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, immune and antioxidant systems of broiler chickens. 240 commercial broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to a five treatments (with four replicants and 12 birds in each replicate). The treatments were 5 levels (0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%) of Berberis Vulgaris fruit. Average daily feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, titers of antibodies against Newcastle, antioxidant enzyme levels and blood parameters were the traits under consideration. Glucose and total cholesterol levels as well as weight of heart and abdominal fat were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Berberis Vulgaris fruit markedly increased the levels of antioxidants enzyme activity (SOD and GPx) and HDL (P<0.05). Triglyceride, LDL, titers of antibodies against Newcastle, average daily feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, the relative weight of spleen, bursa, tight and breast were not significantly changed. Generally, this experiment revealed that although addition of all levels of Berberis vulgaris fruit improved antioxidant enzymes activity, only the level of 3 percent had a favorable effect on blood glucose, cholesterol and HDL of broilers.
M. Zahedifar; A. Abbasi; S. A. Mirhadi
Abstract
In this research the nutritive value of straw from 6 lines of barley including 3 lines from cold and 3 lines from moderate climates were studied in order to select the elite lines. Samples of straw were subjected to botanical fractionation (leaf, internodes and node) and chemical analysis (CP, CF, NDF, ...
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In this research the nutritive value of straw from 6 lines of barley including 3 lines from cold and 3 lines from moderate climates were studied in order to select the elite lines. Samples of straw were subjected to botanical fractionation (leaf, internodes and node) and chemical analysis (CP, CF, NDF, ADF, ADL and Ash). Fermentability of the samples was measured using in vitro gas production technique. The results showed that there was no significant difference in botanical composition between straws from cold climate but significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in percentage of leaf and internodes of straws from moderate climate. Significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in NDF, ADF, ADL and Ash content of straws between the two climates. Results of in vitro gas production technique showed that lines from cold climate produced more gas compared to moderate region (p<0.05). Regarding all the studied indices in this research, lines of EBYTC80-11 and EBYTM80-7 are recommended for cold and moderate climate respectively.
Samira Faryadi; ardashir sheikhahmadi
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate short time effects of Nano silicon dioxide on the performance and egg quality traits of laying quail. The experiment was administrated using sixty laying quails at 18-22 weeks of age allocated to 5 treatments with 4 replicates (each containing 3 birds) in a completely ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate short time effects of Nano silicon dioxide on the performance and egg quality traits of laying quail. The experiment was administrated using sixty laying quails at 18-22 weeks of age allocated to 5 treatments with 4 replicates (each containing 3 birds) in a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments were: control group with no Nano silicon dioxide and Nano silicon dioxide at different levels of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 (mg/kg of diet). The experimental diets were provided ad libitum for all the dietary groups from 18 to 22 weeks of laying period. During the experiment, the amount of feed intake was recorded weekly and performance parameters including egg weight, feed conversion ratio and egg production were measured. In last three days of last week, all of the eggs in each replicate were collected for three continuous days and egg quality parameters were measured. The results showed that body weight, silicon concentration in egg and egg quality parameters were not affected by Nano silicon dioxide supplementation except for the shell dry weight (P<0.05) in laying period. Also, the functional traits such as feed intake, feed conversion ratio and the percentage of egg production were not affected by the levels of Nano silicon dioxide, but the egg weight was significantly increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results indicated that dietary supplementation of Nano silicon dioxide not only had no negative effect on the performance of laying quail but could increase egg and shell weight.
