A. ashayerizadeh; B. Dastar; M. Shams-e-Shargh; A. Sadeghi Mahonak; S. Zerehdaran
Abstract
This experiment was conducted for reducing of glucosinolates in rapeseed meal by solid state fermentation and its effects on performance and gastrointestinal microflora population of broiler chickens. Raw rapeseed meal was fermented with a liquid mixed culture containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus ...
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This experiment was conducted for reducing of glucosinolates in rapeseed meal by solid state fermentation and its effects on performance and gastrointestinal microflora population of broiler chickens. Raw rapeseed meal was fermented with a liquid mixed culture containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger in a ratio of 1:1.2. After the 25-day fermentation, glucosinolates were reduced from 12.21 to 3.93 mmol/g. A total of 300 Cobb 500 broilers in a completely randomized design were allocated to 5 treatments with 4 replicates of 15 chickens each. Experimental treatments was containing 0, 50 and 100% raw or/and fermented rapeseed meal replaced by soybean meal in diets. The results showed that fermented rapeseed meal compared with raw rapeseed meal improved broiler’s performance (P<0.05) and even the performance of broilers fed diet containing 50% fermented rapeseed meal was similar to those broilers fed control diet. Abdominal fat was significantly lower in broilers fed fermented rapeseed meal than other treatments (P<0.05). Lactic acid bacteria population in crop and coliforms in ileum of broilers fed diets containing fermented rapeseed meal were significantly higher and lower than other groups, respectively (P<0.05). The results showed that fermented rapeseed meal compared with raw rapeseed meal improve performance and balance of microbial flora in gastrointestinal tract of broilers and therefore, use of fermented rapeseed meal as a protein source replacement for soybean meal in diets of broilers.
M. vatankhah; M. Faraji Nafchi
Abstract
In this study, production, reproduction, population, management and economic parameters resulted from recording of 12 industrial dairy farms with herd size 20 to 250 and a total of 1240 head of Holstein cows in a cycle of reproduction, during 2010 to 2012 were used to determine the economic values of ...
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In this study, production, reproduction, population, management and economic parameters resulted from recording of 12 industrial dairy farms with herd size 20 to 250 and a total of 1240 head of Holstein cows in a cycle of reproduction, during 2010 to 2012 were used to determine the economic values of important traits. The traits of economic importance that appeared in profit equation were durability traits (including survival rate in cow, calf to 3 months of age and heifer from 3 mo to parturition; cow and heifer weight and longevity of cow), health and reproduction traits (including conception rate, live birth rate, calving interval, calving difficulty rate, and age at first calving) and production traits (including calf weaning weight, weight of male fatten calf, milk, fat and protein yield). The economic values and the relative emphasis of traits estimated using maximizing profit by increasing one genetic standard deviation of each trait. The results showed that the sum of relative emphasis of different group of traits for different milk production levels were 38.15 to 36.05 percent for durability traits, 34.80 to 36.59 percent for reproduction and health traits and 27.05 to 27.80 percent for production traits, respectively. The relative emphasis of durability traits and reproduction and health traits decreasing and increasing respectively, with increasing milk production. The estimated relative emphasis of different traits, could be used to construct multiple trait selection indices in dairy cattle breeding programs.
S. varmaghany; H. Jafari; Gh. Maghsoudinejad
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with medicinal plant of Prosopis farcta on growth performance, carcass traits and serum biochemistry in broiler chickens. A total number of 288 day old broilers (Ross 308, mixed male and female) were randomly allocated to ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with medicinal plant of Prosopis farcta on growth performance, carcass traits and serum biochemistry in broiler chickens. A total number of 288 day old broilers (Ross 308, mixed male and female) were randomly allocated to three treatments with four replicates and 24 birds in each replicate in a completely randomized design. The period of study was 49 day. The dietary treatments were consisted of the basal diet as control group, and two groups with whole plant powder of Prosopis farcta supplemented at 1 and 2 percent in diet. The results of this experiment indicated that, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly different between treatments (P<0.01) and the highest feed conversion ratio was related to treatment contained 2 percent Prosopis farcat powder (P<0.01). Treatments had no effect on feed intake. There were significant effect of Prosopis farcta on mortality (P<0.05). Treatments of 1 and 2 percent prosopis farcta were reduced total cholesterol and cholesterol-LDL. The results of this experiment showed that use of 1 percent of whole medicinal plant Prosopis farcta in broiler chickens diet not only has no effect on performance but also could be reduced cholesterol, cholesterol-LDL and mortality.
A. Toghdory; N. Torbatinejad; T. Ghoorchi; A. Gharehbash
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the digestibility of processed barley and corn grains in Turkmen horse by mobile nylon bag technique. Four Turkmen mares used in the experiment. Experimental cereals include barley and corn grains that used in four different forms include: Steam flaked, micronized, ...
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This experiment was conducted to determine the digestibility of processed barley and corn grains in Turkmen horse by mobile nylon bag technique. Four Turkmen mares used in the experiment. Experimental cereals include barley and corn grains that used in four different forms include: Steam flaked, micronized, pelleted and without processing. The mobile bag filled with 1 g of one of experimental feeds and incubated through a nasogastric tube in gastrointestinal tract. Bags were collected from the faeces and after washing and drying the bags, dry matter, starch, crude protein and ether extract measured and digestibility coefficients calculated. Data were analyzed in complete randomized design with 2×4 factorial arrangement. The results showed that dry matter digestibility of barley was higher than corn (P<0.05), and also micronizing of cereals increased dry matter digestibility than other processing methods (P<0.05). Starch digestibility wasn't differ between two cereals, but micronizing and steam flaking increased starch digestibility than other processing methods (P<0.05). Individual comparison of processing effects showed increase in crude protein digestibility of pelleted corn (P<0.05). Digestibility of ether extract was higher in corn grain (P<0.05). In conclusion, micronizing and steam flaking can improve dry matter and starch digestibility in gastrointestinal tract of horses and processing have more effect on barley grain.
V. Ghasemloo; S.A. hosseini; H. Lofollahian; A. Meimandipour
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotics, antibiotics, oregano oil and encapsulated oregano oil on performance, carcass characteristics and safety of Arian broiler chicks. A total of 625 broiler chicks Arian in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replicates ...
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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotics, antibiotics, oregano oil and encapsulated oregano oil on performance, carcass characteristics and safety of Arian broiler chicks. A total of 625 broiler chicks Arian in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replicates were tested at the age of 1 to 42 days. Treatment include: 1- basal diet (negative control),2- basal diet+probiotic(0.1kgProtexin),3- basal diet+antibiotic (0.15kgAvilamycin),4- basal diet+oregano oil(0.2 /kg) and 5- basal diet+encapsulated oregano oil(1 g per kg).The results showed, using encapsulated oregano oil had no significant effects on bird weight, feed intake and survival index(P>0.05).Experimental groups had no significant effects on carcass and leg percentage (P>0.05), but its effects on breast percentage had tend to be significant (P=0.07).The effects of treatments on SRBC response and immunoglobulin G (p=0.09)unlike immunoglobulin M tend to be significant. The use of probiotics, antibiotics, oregano oil and encapsulated oregano oil had no significant effect on the level of white blood cells (P>0.05). According to result, using oregano oil in the form of encapsulation had no significant effect on performance traits, carcass characteristics and immune responses, but these effects were higher numerically in this group in comparison to using ordinary form of it, so higher investigation in the case of using oregano oil in the form of capsulation will be suggested
S. Yazdani; Z. Ansari; H. deldar; S.A. Jafarpoor; S. Beheshti
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the use of different levels of Aloe vera gel and antibiotic neomycin on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and some blood parameters in broiler chickens. The amount of 180 male Ross 308 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the use of different levels of Aloe vera gel and antibiotic neomycin on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and some blood parameters in broiler chickens. The amount of 180 male Ross 308 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replicates with 12 broiler chicks per replicate were used. Experimental treatments were: control group (without additives), different levels 1.5, 2 and 2.5 percent aloe vera gel and the antibiotic neomycin (0.2 g per kg diet). Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics, some blood parameters and meat quality were measured. The final and whole period, respectively, chicks had received 2, 2.5 and 2 percent Aloe vera gel showed the lowest feed intake and the greatest increase in weight gain in growth period (P<0.05). Also, feed conversion ratio in final and whole period with 2 percent gel treatment had Significantly decreased (P<0.05). The relative weight of the heart was recorded in the 1.5 percent gel treatment. In the six weeks, treatment of neomycin, 2 and 2.5 percent gel, cholesterol and LDL plasma concentrations were lowest (P<0.05). The highest dry matter in breast muscle tissue relative to treatment with 2 percent gel, and protein in breast muscle tissue, supplemented treatment with Aloe vera gel and neomycin (P<0.05). Addition of 2.5 percent gel in diet, dry mater and fat in drumstick were significantly increased (P<0.05). Treatment with 1.5 percent Aloe vera gel had maximum hardness and treatment with 2.5 percent had maximum cohesiveness and springiness of drumstick meat. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that although addition of Aloe vera gel to broiler chickens diet had not a positive influence on physical characteristics of meat but improved the chemical quality of meat and functional traits.
A. Najafzadeh; H. darmani; N. Ghavi Hossein-zadeh; M. Roostaei Ali-mehr; M. Pourghasami
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of Ultimate acid (UA) and chicory extract (CE) on performance, immune system and lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen and bursa of fabricius) of broiler chickens. Three hundred thirty one-day old broiler chicks (Ross 308, male and female) were allocated ...
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The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of Ultimate acid (UA) and chicory extract (CE) on performance, immune system and lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen and bursa of fabricius) of broiler chickens. Three hundred thirty one-day old broiler chicks (Ross 308, male and female) were allocated to the experimental units based on a completely randomized design using a factorial arrangement of 2×3 with two levels of chicory extract (CE, 0 and 2 ml/1 liter of water) and three levels of Ultimate acid (UA, 0, 0.5 and 1 ml/1 liter of water). Each treatment replicated 5 times with 11 chicks each. Antibody titer against NDV was determined by HI assay. On day 42 from each replication 2 chickens slaughtered and lymphoid organs separated and weighted. In spite of non-significant effect of UA supplementation on feed conversion ratio (FCR), its effect on both daily feed intake (DFI) and daily weight gain (DWG) (P<0.05) were significant compared to the control group and its addition to drinking water led to a reduction in the both cases. Body WG of chicks were affected by CE supplementation and was higher in CE group compared to the control (p<0.05) but the effects on DFI and FCR were not significant. UA supplementation did not show any significant effect on relative weights of lymphoid organs. Relative weight of thymus was affected by CE supplementation (P<0/05) but the effect on relative weights of spleen and bursa of fabricius were not significant. Main and interaction effects of UA and CE on antibody titer against NDV were significant (P<0/05) and were higher in supplemented groups compared to the control. In spite of a positive and significant effect for CE supplementation on growth performance of boiler chickens, the effect for UA was negative. UA and CE supplementation both increased the humoralimmune response of broiler chickens.
A. Babamzadeh Aghdam; M. daneshyar; Sh. Ghazi Harsini
Abstract
Using the high dietary fat under heat stress increase the L carnitine needs for long chain fatty acid transfer from cytosol to mitochondria for beta-oxidation. The aim of current study was to reveal the effects of different levels of L-carntine on liver enzyme activities, antioxidant status, blood electrolyte ...
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Using the high dietary fat under heat stress increase the L carnitine needs for long chain fatty acid transfer from cytosol to mitochondria for beta-oxidation. The aim of current study was to reveal the effects of different levels of L-carntine on liver enzyme activities, antioxidant status, blood electrolyte contents, intestinal characteristics, meat nutrient composition and meat color of broiler chickens in heat stress condition. Two hundred one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and five replicate pens each (10 birds in each pen). Experimental treatments were the basal diet (control treatment) and the basal diet supplemented with different levels of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg L-carnitine. The experimental diets were used during the finisher period (day 25 to day 42 of age) and under heat stress (32±1ºC as cyclic from 8 AM to 5 PM). The results showed that the chickens fed the 300 mg/kg of L-carnitine, had the greater weight gain in compassion to those on the control and the lower levels of L-carnitine during the finisher period (P<0.05). Furthermore, the feed conversion ratio had a trend (P=0.05) and numerically was lower in chickens fed the high levels of L-carnitine (200 and 300 mg) than that of chickens on control diet. The consumption of 300 mg/kg L-carnitine caused the increased the blood uric acid (P>0.05). Supplementation of L-carnitine had did not change the blood electrolytes, carcass and intestinal characteristics, thigh meat nutrients (acidity, ash, protein, moisture and fat) and meat color indices of the chickens. Totally, the consumption of 300 mg/kg L-carnitine improves the performance and increases the blood uric acid of broiler chickens under heat stress.
Y. Maroufzadeh; A. nobakht
Abstract
The present research was conducted to investigate the effects of fuel consumption optimization on production index of west azarbijan province broiler farms. 36 broiler farms rondomley have been chosen in Boukan, Mahabad, Shahindej and Miandoab Cities as four blocks, with three levels of energy optimization ...
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The present research was conducted to investigate the effects of fuel consumption optimization on production index of west azarbijan province broiler farms. 36 broiler farms rondomley have been chosen in Boukan, Mahabad, Shahindej and Miandoab Cities as four blocks, with three levels of energy optimization including: Group 1 (more than 80%), Group 2 (60%) and Group 3 (less than 50%). Visiting the farms and filling in the questionnaires the data has been collected as a random complete block and has been analyzed. Fuel consumption optimization had a meaningful effect on the body weight, feed conversion ratio, breeding duration and production index (P<0.01) but there is not a significance differences in the amount of daily feed intake (P>0.05). Moreover, this plan has among the studding three groups; there is a significance difference in reduction of the rate of fuel consuming. The most amount of thrift is for the first group which is about 23.8%. There has been a meaningful differences indicated in abating the electricity using. Te most amount of thrift is related to group 1 hat is about 14.5%. There is also a significant difference in improving the feed conversion ratio along with the execution of optimization plan among groups. It is around 1.98 in group 1 And the production index in group 1 has a meaningful differences with groups 2 and 3 (P<0.01). The overall results showed that fuel consumption optimazing plan has positive effects on production index and reducing of fuel and electelicity consumption in broiler farms of west Azarbijan Province.
M.A. Shir ali; S. sallary; S. Tabatabayi Vakili; M. Sari; R. Jahanian
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate effects of different levels of vitamin E (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and L-carnitine (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg) on growth performance and some blood and immune parameters of broilers under heat stress, using completely randomized design with 3Í3 factorial treatment ...
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This study was conducted to investigate effects of different levels of vitamin E (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and L-carnitine (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg) on growth performance and some blood and immune parameters of broilers under heat stress, using completely randomized design with 3Í3 factorial treatment arrangement and 4 replicates pertreatment. Heat stress was induced from the beginning of forth week. Performance parameters were recorded weekly. At 28 and 35 days of age, antibody titer against SRBC was determined. At 42 days of age, blood samples were collected and carcass characteristics analysis was done. Levels of vitamin E and L-carnitine had no significant effect on performance parameters. Vitamin E increased the weight of the bursa of fabricius (P<0.05) and L-carnitine decreased abdominal fat percentage (P<0.01). L-carnitine at 50 mg/kg of diet increased antibody titer against SRBC during the primary response (P<0.05). Supplementing diet with vitamin E and L-carnitine just decreased serum triglyceride. According to the results of this experiment, it appears that different levels of vitamin E and L-carnitine were not effective on performance parameters but decreased abdominal fat percentage and blood triglyceride and improved immune response of chickens.
M. Eskandari; A. nobakht
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of lemon pulp and enzyme in diet on performance, carcass traits, immune status and intestinal morphology of broilers. This experiment was carried out with 288 Ross – 308 broilers as (3×2) factorial arrangement with three ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of lemon pulp and enzyme in diet on performance, carcass traits, immune status and intestinal morphology of broilers. This experiment was carried out with 288 Ross – 308 broilers as (3×2) factorial arrangement with three levels of lemon pulp (0, 1.5 and 3%) and two levels of Rovabio multi-enzyme (0 and 0.05%) in 6 treatments and 4 replicates (12 birds per replicate) in a completely randomized design from 10 up to 42 days. Using lemon pulp without having any significant effects on the amount of daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio caused the daily amount of whight gain in contrast with group without lemon pulp increased. Adding of enzyme to diet had no effects on performance of broilers (P>0.05). In interaction effects of lemon pulp and enzyme, using lemon pulp with enzyme increased the amount of daily feed intake (P<0.05). Using lemon pulp and enzyme and interaction between them, did not have any significants effects on carcass traits of broilers (P>0.05). Using 1.5% lemon pulp increased the amount of broilers blood IGg in 32 days (P<0.05). Using 3% lemon pulp improved the intestinal morphology of broilers (P<0.05), whereas using enzyme had no effects on the intestinal morphology of broilers (P>0.05). The overall results indicated that in broilers using 3% lemon pulp can improve their performance, immune status and the intestinal morphology, whereas enzyme had no effects in this respects.
M. Zandi; M. Jahani Moghadam; N. Aghaziarati; M.R. Sanjabi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of linseed on reproduction performance of fresh dairy Holstein cows, 99 primiparous and 100 multiparous cows were used under the control and linseed treatments till 28th day after parturition, and after that the same diet were used. For statistical analysis, ...
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In order to investigate the effect of linseed on reproduction performance of fresh dairy Holstein cows, 99 primiparous and 100 multiparous cows were used under the control and linseed treatments till 28th day after parturition, and after that the same diet were used. For statistical analysis, the LOGESTIC procedure of SAS statistical software were used. Results showed that, reproductive performance of dairy cows such as mean number of artificial insemination, conception rate and endometritis were not affected by linseed treatment. The incidence of cystic ovary was similar for multiparous and primiparous cows fed linseed. However, it was higher for multiparous cows, when fed the control treatment. Do to the lower incidence of cystic ovary in multiparous cows, it is suggested to feed dairy cows with linseed especially in those farms that have management problems.
S. Varmaghany; A. Nouri Emamzadeh; A. Samadi
Abstract
The study was an effort to evaluate effect of different methods of feed restriction on performance, carcass traits, mortality and ascites disorder in Arian broiler chickens. Four hundred Arian broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with four experimental groups (feed restriction methods) ...
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The study was an effort to evaluate effect of different methods of feed restriction on performance, carcass traits, mortality and ascites disorder in Arian broiler chickens. Four hundred Arian broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with four experimental groups (feed restriction methods) and four replicates of ten chicks (totally 16 pens). Four experimental treatments were treatment 1 (T1): control (no restriction feed), treatment 2 (T2): feed restriction as 25 gram feed per chick since 9 until 14 days old; treatment 3 (T3): feed restriction as 8 hour per day since 9 until 24 days old; treatment 4 (T4): feed restriction since 9 until 18 days old. Results indicated that the feed restrictions methods have different significant effects on daily body weight gain and feed intake in different periods of age (p<0.05). In 1-42 days period, only T4 decreased (p<0.05) daily body gain and feed intake in broiler chickens. Although T2 and T4 increased significantly feed conversion ratio (FCR) in period of 8 to 14 days; however, these methods improved significantly FCR on 22 to 28 days (p<0.05). Different feed restriction methods had no significant effect on FCR and carcass traits (p>0.05). But, the methods affected significantly total and ascites mortality in broiler chickens and blood hematocrit (p<0.05). In conclusion, feed restrictions as 25 gram feed per day (from 9 until 14 days of age) or 8 hours per day (from 9 until 24 days of age) can be recommended in rearing of Arian broiler chicken due to decrease of total and ascites mortalities and feeding costs in broiler chickens without negative effect on final body weight in 42 days old.
E. dirandeh; M. Gholizadeh; M. Kazemi Fard; H. Javaheri; V. Vahedi; H. Khalilvandi; F. Samadian
Abstract
The objective of this study was to consider the reasons and timing of cows leaving herd during heat stressfor 10 years in Iran. Data regarding dates of birth, calving status, reasons for culling, parity at culling, calving to culling interval were collected from March 2004 to April 2014. Out of a total ...
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The objective of this study was to consider the reasons and timing of cows leaving herd during heat stressfor 10 years in Iran. Data regarding dates of birth, calving status, reasons for culling, parity at culling, calving to culling interval were collected from March 2004 to April 2014. Out of a total of 6462 culled cows, reproduction failure (22.5% of all culls) was the most prevalent reason of culling followed by lameness (11.5%) and mastitis (9.4%). Average ± SD of parity at culling was 3.27 ± 2.01. Mean ± SD of last calving to culling interval was 217.88 ± 202.80 days and nearly 38.6% of cows were culled in the first 100 days after calving. Cows culled for milk fever left the herd early in lactation (88.56±127.46, Days in milk), but at a higher parity than other cows (4.50±2.18, P<0.05). In contrast, cows culled for reproduction failure were youngest (2.21±1.83 parity) and culled later within lactation (P<0.05). Cows culled for mastitis and lameness left the herd earlier in lactation (109.89±224.21 vs. 169.12±216.82, Days in milk, P<0.05) than cows culled for reproduction failure (403.12±224.33, Days in milk, P<0.05). These results suggest that most of the culls related to reproduction failure were the main reasons to cull cows and occurred in younger cows and at late lactation.
Sh. Ghorbani; M. tahmoorespur; A. masoudi-nejad; M.R. Nasiri; Y. Asgari; E. Motamedian
Abstract
The modeling of metabolism of milk production through the reconstruction of metabolic networks involved in the milk production in cow (bos taurus) from the available genomics information is possible now and may be uncover a comprehensive view on this complex process. Computation of topological indices ...
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The modeling of metabolism of milk production through the reconstruction of metabolic networks involved in the milk production in cow (bos taurus) from the available genomics information is possible now and may be uncover a comprehensive view on this complex process. Computation of topological indices and quantitative characterizations, are some of the principle computations based on graph theory applied in biological data. In the present study, the metabolic network involved in milk production in cow was reconstructed and analyzed based on the available bovine genome information using several public datasbaces (NCBI, Uniprot, KEGG, and Brenda). The reconstructed network was consisted of 3605 reactions named by KEGG compound numbers and 646 enzymes that catalyzed the corresponding reactions. The characteristics of the directed and undirected network have been analyzed using Graph Theory. The mean path length was identified equal to 5.51 and 5.53 for directed and undirected networks, respectively. The top 23 hub metabolites have been determined, that the abnormality among these metabolites may have some dangers for bovine health and reduce milk production. Therefore, the aim of constructing the metabolites centric network is to see if the network follows the same network properties of the biological networks. Key metabolites have been determined. The results include information that might improve the better understanding and more knowledge about milk production in cow and could be beneficial to cow breeding.
H.R. Taheri; M. Abbasi
Abstract
This research was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of metabolisable energy and crude protein on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during finishing period (29-49 d of age). Nine hundreds 28-d old birds were used ...
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This research was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of metabolisable energy and crude protein on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during finishing period (29-49 d of age). Nine hundreds 28-d old birds were used to examine three levels of energy (2900, 3050 and 3200 kcal/kg) and three levels of crude protein (21.6, 24 and 26.4%) by a 3ˣ3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 5 replicates and 20 birds per each replicate. In the end of the experiment, two birds from each replicate were selected to measure the blood parameters (TG, total cholesterol, LDL and uric acid) and carcass characteristics. Dietary content of 3200 kcal/kg significantly improved (P<0.05) daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to other energy levels. Effect of different levels of crude protein on performance was not significant (P>0.05). Different levels of energy and protein and their interaction affected (P<0.05) the relative weight of liver. Generally, high levels of energy and protein significantly reduced (P<0.05) this parameter. Diets containing 3200 kcal/kg reduced (P<0.05) the total cholesterol and LDL concentrations compared to those of other energy levels. Based on the results of present study, the diet containing 3200 kcal/kg ME and 21.6% crude protein is proposed in Japanese quail nutrition for the finisher phase.
M. Hajilou; H.R. Mirzaei Alamouti; M. Ghanjkhanlou; H. Amanlou
Abstract
Twelve multiparous (100±10 d in milk) Holstein dairy cows were used in a 6×6 incomplete Latin square design (five 21-d periods) with a 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the effect of forage sources and rumen degradable nitrogen fractions and their feeding frequency ...
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Twelve multiparous (100±10 d in milk) Holstein dairy cows were used in a 6×6 incomplete Latin square design (five 21-d periods) with a 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the effect of forage sources and rumen degradable nitrogen fractions and their feeding frequency on performance, total tract digestibility and blood metabolites. Treatments were different proportion of alfalfatocorn-silage (35:15 and 15:35) and different feeding frequency of the rumen degradable nitrogen source: 1- Total mixed ration (TMR) was offered once daily in the morning (09:00); 2- A part of soybean meal was offered at 21:00; 3- A part of urea was offered at 21:00. Dry matter intake and body weight change were not affected by treatments. Milk and 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield increased in corn silage-based diets compared with alfalfa hay-based diets (P<0.05). Feeding part of soybean meal at night increase milk yield, energy corrected milk and 3.5% fat-corrected milk production (P<0.01). Milk percentage of fat, protein and lactose did not differ among treatments. Feed efficiency not affected by forage source but increased in cows fed soybean meal at night (P<0.05). Apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber tended to increase in corn silage-based diets (P<0.1). Plasma urea nitrogen (6 h after feeding) was higher in cows fed once daily (P<0.01). The results indicated that corn silage-based diets improved milk production and dry matter and fiber digestibility compared with alfalfa hay-based diets. Feeding part of soybean meal at night increase performance of Holstein dairy cows.
H. Mohebodini; Gh. Tahmasbi; B. Dastar; Y. Jafari ahangari; S. Zerehdaran
Abstract
Honey bees need a range of elements to provide their nutritional requirements for normal growth and development. There is currently little information about the vitamin requirements in honey bees. Three trials were carried out at Honey Bee Department of Animal Science Research Institute of Iran.The experiments ...
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Honey bees need a range of elements to provide their nutritional requirements for normal growth and development. There is currently little information about the vitamin requirements in honey bees. Three trials were carried out at Honey Bee Department of Animal Science Research Institute of Iran.The experiments were carried out under natural condition to assess potential impacts of thiamine nutrition on the development of hypopharyngeal glands (HPGs) in honey bee workers (Apis mellifera meda) during different seasons. In this study, twenty honey bee colonies were divided into 5 experimental groups with 4 replications. Control groups (group 1) were fed sugar syrup (1:1). The experimental colonies in groups 2 and 5 were fed in the same manner but with syrup were supplemented with different levels of thiamine (100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm). The experiments were repeated for 45 days through the summer (Jul. 5, 2012 and Aug. 20, 2012), winter (Feb. 20, 2013 and Apr. 5, 2013) and spring (Apr. 27, 2013 and Jun. 13, 2013) seasons. To investigate the development of HPGs, length and width of ten acini for five worker bees in each replication with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days were measured using a stereomicroscope and micrometer. The results showed that thiamine in diet affected the size of acinal area in HPGs. In summer, acini size was greater in honey bees (3 and 6 days) fed low level thiamine but in winter (9, 12 and 15 days) and spring (all ages) inverse effects were observed (P<0.05). Hypopharyngeal glands development was high in different seasons at the age of 6 or 9 days.
