Ayoub Azizi; Afrooz Sharifi; Hasan Fazaeli; Bahareh Taheri Dezfuli
Abstract
The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of processed broiler litter (PBL) levels at 0, 8, 16 and 24% at the expense of dietary forage (i.e., alfalfa and wheat straw at 65 and 35 percent, respectively) on apparent nutrients digestibility, ruminal parameters and blood metabolites in Moghani ...
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The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of processed broiler litter (PBL) levels at 0, 8, 16 and 24% at the expense of dietary forage (i.e., alfalfa and wheat straw at 65 and 35 percent, respectively) on apparent nutrients digestibility, ruminal parameters and blood metabolites in Moghani male sheep. The broiler litter was processed at 75-85 oC for 20 min in the special hot tanks. Sixteen Moghani male sheep were allocated into four experimental diet groups with four animals in each diet in a completely randomized design. Results showed that sheep fed diet containing 16% PBL linearly increased (p < 0.05) digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP and ash-free neutral detergent fiber (NDFom). Increasing the level of PBL in the diet linearly tended to decrease (P=0.07) ruminal pH, but increased (p < 0.05) ammonia nitrogen concentration. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased with increasing PBL level in the diet (p < 0.05). Overall, results of this study indicated that substituting PBL up to 16% of forage diet improved nutrients digestibility, ammonia nitrogen concentration and BUN of Moghani male sheep.
Mohammad Javad Eskandari; Farhad Samadian; Mostafa Ghaderi Zefrehei; Reza Naghiha
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of caponization of Iranian native cockerels on body weight gain, carcass characteristics, meat quality and immune response. The chockerels were surgically caponized or sham- operated at 12 weeks of age. Then, 10 healthy capons and 10 sham-operated cockerels ...
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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of caponization of Iranian native cockerels on body weight gain, carcass characteristics, meat quality and immune response. The chockerels were surgically caponized or sham- operated at 12 weeks of age. Then, 10 healthy capons and 10 sham-operated cockerels (control group) were assigned to the experiment. The birds were kept until 24 week of age and fed the same diet. The immune system of all birds was evaluated based on SRBC, IgM and IgG titers during the rearing period. The cooking loss and organoleptic evaluation was performed on breast meat postmortem. The results showed that comb and wattle growth and the relative weight of thighs was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced as a result of caponization. In the slaughter characteristics, the capon group showed higher proportion of whole leg, liver and breast meat weights than sham-operated group. There was no significant difference in final body weight, average daily gain, carcass yield, abdominal fat percentage, immune system response and sensory attributes of breast meat with the exception of odor between two groups. However, the caponization of native cockerels can be useful for commercial purposes due to the higher marketing value of meat from capons.
cyrus ferasati
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to identify the annual cycle of ovarian activities and to determine the relationship between ovary size and ovarian activity in sheep. For this purpose, at least five pairs of Sanjabi ewes ovaries were collected each week during the one year of study and after weighing of ...
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This experiment was conducted to identify the annual cycle of ovarian activities and to determine the relationship between ovary size and ovarian activity in sheep. For this purpose, at least five pairs of Sanjabi ewes ovaries were collected each week during the one year of study and after weighing of each ovary, the number and diameter of visible follicles at the ovary surface, the weight and volume of the corpus luteum and the number of ovaries containing corpus luteum were recorded. Data were analyzed using general linear model test. The results showed that there was no significant difference between right and left ovaries of ewes in terms of mean weight, relative frequency of large, medium and small size follicles and the relative frequency of the number of ovaries containing the corpus luteum. There was a significant positive correlation between ovary weight of ewes and their ovarian activities. The highest relative frequency of ovulation in right ovaries were observed in December and in left ovaries were observed in June and December (p < 0.05). The lowest relative frequency of ovulation in the right ovarieswere observed in April, June, August and March and in the left ovaries were observed in April, September and March (p < 0.05). Based on the results, the Sanjabi ewes in Kermanshah region have some reproductive activity in spring which indicates the return of a temporary ovarian activity in this season and it can lead to out-of-season pregnancies.
kianoosh zarrinkavyani; Heshmatolah Khosravinia; gholamreza shahsavari; Z. Biranvand
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of subcutaneous injection of saline (0/5 ml/bird), melatonin(500 µg/bird), metocarbamol (10 mg/bird), and glucose (200, 300 and 400 mg/ bird) on behavioral responses of newly hatched chicks under road transport stress at such distances as 300, 600, 900 and 1200 ...
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This study investigated the effects of subcutaneous injection of saline (0/5 ml/bird), melatonin(500 µg/bird), metocarbamol (10 mg/bird), and glucose (200, 300 and 400 mg/ bird) on behavioral responses of newly hatched chicks under road transport stress at such distances as 300, 600, 900 and 1200 kms, Using nonparametric Chi-square test with the use of 700 broilers being performed. Nine potential behavioral characteristics were categorized in three classes: Passive behaviors (sleeping on side, sleeping on breast, sitting and standing) active behaviors (jumping, pecking at their own body , pecking at objects ,Pecking at other birds) and vocalization behavior. The results showed that the injection of melatonin and metocarbamol significantly increased the passive behavior of chickens within 300 km (P <0.05). Except for the 600 km distance, standing behavior in birds injected with glucose and melatonin significantly increased (P <0.05). The doses of melatonin, metocarbamol, and glucose used in this study, did not affect the active behaviors of chicks along the distances studied. The birds' Vocalization behavior also showed a significant decrease only by glucose in the first 300 km (P <0.05), whereas no injections above 300 km had any effect on this behavioral parameter. In general, in this study, the sedative effects of melatonin and metocarbamol were induced by increasing passive behaviors (sleeping and sitting) and the glucose sedating effects by decreasing Vocalization behaviour in the first part of the distance traveled. However, a detailed description of the effects of these compounds needs further research
Reza Tohidi; Mohammadreza Nassiri; Ali Javadmanesh
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the main environmental factors causing economic losses to the poultry industry, as it reduces growth and production performance of chickens. The heat shock proteins (HSPs) involved in the key cellular defense mechanisms during exposure in hot environmental conditions. Elevated level ...
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Heat stress is one of the main environmental factors causing economic losses to the poultry industry, as it reduces growth and production performance of chickens. The heat shock proteins (HSPs) involved in the key cellular defense mechanisms during exposure in hot environmental conditions. Elevated level of expression of HSPs helps to overcome the stress caused by high temperatures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression level of HSPA2 and HSPB1 transcripts in the liver of Khorasan native chickens under acute heat stress. Sixteen 42days old chickens were divided into two groups of control (25 C and 50% humidity) and heat treated (40 and 42 C, 50% humidity for 24h), and then the liver was sampled after killing. The transcription level of HSPA2 and HSPB1 was evaluated using RT-qPCR method. The HSPA2 expression was significantly induced (P0.05). However, the expression of HSPB1 did not show any change. The analysis of protein-protein interaction revealed that HSPA2 and HSPB1 had no interaction, however, four pathways in gene ontology including Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, MAPK signaling pathway and VEGF signaling pathway had the highest significancy. The results indicated that Khorasan native chickens have suitable genetic reaction to acute heat stress and HSPA2 has the ability to express under high ambient temperature to protect the structure of cellular proteins.
Mousa Zarrin; Farhad Samadian; Amir Ahmadpour; Meysam Sanginabadi
Abstract
In nomadic societies, animals have been transported to obtain the new pastures and maximum use of such pastures. Long-distance walking and feed restriction during migration my cause adverse effects on animals. The present study aimed to investigate physiological changes and metabolic responses to long-distance ...
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In nomadic societies, animals have been transported to obtain the new pastures and maximum use of such pastures. Long-distance walking and feed restriction during migration my cause adverse effects on animals. The present study aimed to investigate physiological changes and metabolic responses to long-distance walking in fat-tailed ewes. For this purpose twenty-five Lory-Bakhtiary ewes with the age of 3.6 ± 0.4 years have been selected randomely from a nomadic herd. The ewes walked the distance of 150 km in 3 days. The nutrition of ewes during this period had been limited to pasture forages. Animals were weighed and bleed before the morning grazing, pre and post transportation. The selected metabolic variables of blood plasma were assessed by commercial kits via the photometric method. Results were analyzed by the GLM procedure of SAS and are shown as Mean ± SE. The walking reduced the average body weight of the ewes by 4.5% (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol level showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05), but the levels of glucose in the blood tended to increase (P = 0.09). Creatinine concentration tended to decrease (P = 0.07). Although walking decreased weight, it had no adverse effects on blood metabolites related to metabolism. It can be speculating that fat-tailed ewes adapted to these conditions, and the reason of that could be linked to fat reserves in their large tails. Further studies of the related metabolic pathways and hormnal axes of energy mobilization of the fat-tail in the molecular and organ level might be required.
mehrdad nafisi; mansour rezaei; seied abdollah hosseini; Mohammad Kazemi-Fard; mehdi amirsadeghi; majid afshar
Abstract
This research was conducted to investigate the effect of source and level of manganese, zinc and copper utilization on growth performance of Cobb 500 commercial broiler using completely randomized design with 7 treatments, 4 replications and 20 chicks per experimental unit. The chicks were reared in ...
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This research was conducted to investigate the effect of source and level of manganese, zinc and copper utilization on growth performance of Cobb 500 commercial broiler using completely randomized design with 7 treatments, 4 replications and 20 chicks per experimental unit. The chicks were reared in the same conditions during production period. The multiple attribute decision making management method was used to select the best treatment and to decide on the source and level of manganese, zinc and copper. Based on the obtained rankings, the treatment containing manganese, zinc and copper in the form of organic with internal origin and supply of 100 percent of the requirement had the highest score when compared with other groups. The treatment containing manganese, zinc and copper in the form of organic with external origin and supply of 50 percent of the requirement and negative control treatment showed the weakest performance. Based on the results, it is recommended to use the organic form of manganese, zinc and copper with internal origin as an approach to meet the broiler requirements for increasing growth performance and reducing the need for import of these elements into the external organic form.
Amir Koushandeh; Mohammad Chamani; Akbar Yaghobfar; aliasghar sadeghi; Hasan Baneh
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and protein (CP) on growth performance, energy efficiency ratio (EER), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and immunity system response of broilers, a total of 640 Ross 308 broilers were used in a 2×2×2 ...
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In order to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and protein (CP) on growth performance, energy efficiency ratio (EER), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and immunity system response of broilers, a total of 640 Ross 308 broilers were used in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement with completely randomized design including 8 treatments, 4 replication and 20 chicks in each replication. The increasing of ME with lower level of CP (22%) decreased ME and CP intakes up to 21 day of age and then the rising of CP level (24%) increased ME and CP intakes up to 42 day of age. The FCR of males improved inconsiderably by increasing of dietary ME level but the ME and CP intakes were slightly higher and females had higher EER and PER at 35 day of age. The antibody titer against SRBC enhanced by increasing of dietary ME level. The concentration of HDL and heart weight were higher in males. Enhancing of ME led to an increase in nitrogen excretion and higher protein level (24%) caused decrease in intestine weight. Therefore, the increasing of ME and CP up to the 3rd week and then the decreasing of CP up to the end of production period is recommended to optimize ME and CP intakes and improving EER and PER.
narjes rafiee pour ahmadi; Omid Dayani; Reza Tahmasbi; mohammad mahdi sharifi hosseini; zohreh hajalizadeh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine chemical composition of Gundelia Tournefortii (GT) hay and the effect of replacing GT hay with alfalfa hay and wheat straw on nutrients digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, ruminal and blood parameters. In this experiment, four Kermani mature ram (BW= 55±2.5 ...
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The aim of this study was to determine chemical composition of Gundelia Tournefortii (GT) hay and the effect of replacing GT hay with alfalfa hay and wheat straw on nutrients digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, ruminal and blood parameters. In this experiment, four Kermani mature ram (BW= 55±2.5 kg) were used in a 4×4 Latin Square design with four periods of 21 days. The experimental diets were: 1) control diet (without GT hay), 2) diet containing 10% GT hay, 3) diet containing 20% GT and 4) diet containing 30% GT hay. The organic matter, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber of GT hay were significantly (p < 0.05) higher, while crude protein and acid detergent fiber were lower than alfalfa hay (p < 0.05). The intake and excretion nitrogen, and percentage of retained nitrogen, ruminal ammonia- nitrogen and pH were not affected by experimental diets. The lowest number of total protozoa and its species were obtained with diet containing 30% GT hay (p < 0.05). The concentration of blood glucose in sheep fed diet containing 20% GT was maximum (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the chemical composition of GT hay compared to alfalfa hay and wheat straw showed that this can be used as a feed with the high amount of metabolizable energy and fiber in sheep diet without negative effects on animal performance.
Hamid Amanlou; Shiva Ershadi; Behnam Rostami; Najme Eslamian Farsuni; Tahere Amirabadi Farahani; Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
Abstract
The effect yeast on performance and blood metabolites of cows with paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease)The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of yeast SCAY-3PLUS on health and productivity of dairy cows infected by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis ...
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The effect yeast on performance and blood metabolites of cows with paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease)The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of yeast SCAY-3PLUS on health and productivity of dairy cows infected by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). Multiparous Holstein dairy cows (129±24 DIM) with clinical Johne's disease assigned equally into control and yeast group. Cows in yeast group (n=10) received yeast in the diet for 20 days, while cows in the control group (n=10) did not receive the yeast. Dry matter intake and changes in BCS as well as milk production and composition were not affected by the experimental diets (P> 0.05). Rectal temperature and serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and β- Hydroxy butyrate were not affected by the treatment (P> 0.05). Dietary supplementation of the yeast increased significantly the manure score in infected cows (p < 0.05). The average antibody titer changes (ELISA) for the control and yeast group were -19/74 and - 53/6 respectively, and the yeast treatment reduced the antibody titer of Johne's disease in infected cows. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of the yeast, used as a probiotic, was therapeutic for adult paratuberculosis cows, and is useful to improve manure score and antibody titer changes in cows with paratuberculosis.
Seyyedeh Zahra Soroush; Seyyed Javad Hosseini-vashan; nazar Afzali; Ali Allahressani
Abstract
To determine the effects of olive pulp(OP) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood indices and intestinal morphology in Japanese quail, A total of 352 days-old quail were allocated to four treatments with four replicates (22 birds each). Excreta were quantitatively collected during 18-21 ...
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To determine the effects of olive pulp(OP) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood indices and intestinal morphology in Japanese quail, A total of 352 days-old quail were allocated to four treatments with four replicates (22 birds each). Excreta were quantitatively collected during 18-21 days of age for measurement digestibility of nutrient. The dietary treatments were included control (0%) and the levels of four, eight and 12 percent OP. At 35 days old, from each replicate, two quails were randomly selected and slaughtered. The dietary treatments did not influence weight gain, feed intake, and FCR. The OP did not influence the relative weight of carcass, breast, thigh, heart, and spleen, but the highest relative weight of liver and gizzard were observed in 12 percent OP (p < 0.05). The ileum villus height was higher in birds fed OP as compared to control(p < 0.05). Crude protein and crude fat digestibility in chickens fed 12% OP and was increased compared to control (p < 0.05). Ash and phosphorous digestibility increased in chickens received 8% OP compare to control (p < 0.05). The olive pulp decreased the plasma MDA concentration as compared to control (p < 0.05), however, treatments had no significant effects on other blood indices. The lowest enzyme activity of AST was observed in the control and the highest enzyme activity of GPx and SOD were observed in 12% OP (p < 0.05). The results were indicated that the inclusion of olive pulp up to 12% had no detrimental effects on growth performance and blood lipid profile but significantly decreased plasma malondialdehyde (p < 0.05).
Babak Enayati
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design optimal selection index without the use of economic coefficients based on the expected genetic gains in economic traits. Random simulation with 5 replications was used to evaluate the results of the designed indices. Simulated traits include body weight at birth (BW1), ...
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The aim of this study was to design optimal selection index without the use of economic coefficients based on the expected genetic gains in economic traits. Random simulation with 5 replications was used to evaluate the results of the designed indices. Simulated traits include body weight at birth (BW1), eight weeks (BW8), twelve weeks (BW12), maturation (BWM), age at first laying (AFE), weight of first egg (EWM), the mean egg weight from 28 to 32 weeks (EW) and the egg number (EN). In three indices, BW12, EN and EW traits were in the selection target and all simulated traits were in the selection criterion. Indices with the aim of genetic gain for 5 g in EW, 20 in EN and the difference between the three indices of the first to third selection were related to the change in the expected values of 100, 200 and 300 gr in BW12. The results showed that all three selection indicators are able to create a uniform and desirable genetic gain in traits. However, the second index is able to achieve acceptable results in a smaller number of generations (304 gr, 25.3 and 6.4 gr genetic gain for BW12, EN and EW, respectively). The inbreeding after 5 generations of the implementation of the first to third indices was not desirable (approximately 0.02) and the difference in inbreeding between the indices was not significant (P> 0.4). It is suggested that the second index for 5 generations be used for the Yazd province native fowls breeding.
Mohamdreza Salehiabri; parviz farhoomand; Majid Toghyani
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of glycine in diluted protein diets on performance, carcass characteristics, internal organs, immune system, carcass nutrients, blood parameters and bone characteristics. Three hundred and sixty 24 days old male broilers (Hubbard ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of glycine in diluted protein diets on performance, carcass characteristics, internal organs, immune system, carcass nutrients, blood parameters and bone characteristics. Three hundred and sixty 24 days old male broilers (Hubbard strain) were used in a completely randomized design with 5 experimental group and 6 replicates (12 chicks per replicate). Experimental groups were the control diet and diluted diets containing 0, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.1% glycine during the finisher 1 (24-30 days) and finisher 2 (31 to 42 days) periods. Feed intake and weight gain were determined during the finisher 1 and 2 periods and used to calculate the feed conversion ratio. At the end of experiment (d 42), one chick from each replicate pen was selected and slaughtered for carcass characteristics and internal organ weights. Protein dilution had no effect on performance, carcass characteristics, internal organs, blood parameters, bone characteristics and carcass nutrients in broiler chicken but decreased the meat protein content (P <0.05). Furthermore, dietary protein dilution reduced the blood calcium content in broilers (P <0.05). Addition of 0.1% glycine to diluted diet increased the meat protein content and bone ash, but decreased the meat fat content, blood thyroxin hormone and blood urea contents (P <0.05). In general, the addition of glycine to diluted protein diets has no effect on the performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters but improves the meat quality by increasing the protein and decreasing the fat contents of meat.
Mahdi Nazari; Hossein Daghigh Kia; Marzieh Ebrahimi; Abozar Najafi; Mahdieh Mehdipour
Abstract
Mitochondria as sperm energy supplier motors have unique properties including antioxidant non-permeability, so the ROS concentration in this organelle is 5 to 10 times more than that of the plasma membrane. Therefore, the researchers have designed an antioxidant which can cross the mitochondrial membrane ...
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Mitochondria as sperm energy supplier motors have unique properties including antioxidant non-permeability, so the ROS concentration in this organelle is 5 to 10 times more than that of the plasma membrane. Therefore, the researchers have designed an antioxidant which can cross the mitochondrial membrane and is able to inhibit ROS in this organelle to minimize the oxidative damage. Targeted antioxidant 4, 2-dinitrophenol has the ability to cross the mitochondrial membrane. The purpose of this study was to add different levels of targeted antioxidant to semen to purify mitochondria from reactive oxygen species to reduce oxidative damage and improve sperm motility and viability. In this study, 8 Ghezel rams (2 years old) were used for semen collection by artificial vagina in early spring. After initial evaluation, the samples with normal properties were pooled and after dilution process, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 nM 4, 2-dinitrophenol were added to the samples and frozen after 2 hours of cooling. After one month, samples were thawed and evaluated for motility parameters, viability, membrane health, sperm abnormality and lipid peroxidation. Results showed that addition of 0.5 nM of the antioxidant significantly increased motility parameters and decreased abnormal sperm (P <0.05). Also suplimentation of 0.5, 0.75 nM 4, 2-dinitrophenol significantly increased viability and membrane integrity and reduced the amount of lipid peroxidation (P <0.05).
Yahya Mohammadi; javad Ahmadpanah; Hasan Baneh
Abstract
In the genomic selection, SNP markers across whole genome are used to estimate the marker effects. Genomic breeding value of animals can be predicted by different statistical methods. Genomic breeding value of animals can be predicted by different statistical methods. In the present study, accuracies ...
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In the genomic selection, SNP markers across whole genome are used to estimate the marker effects. Genomic breeding value of animals can be predicted by different statistical methods. Genomic breeding value of animals can be predicted by different statistical methods. In the present study, accuracies of the predicted direct genomic breeding values were compared under several statistical models including Bayes A, B-LASSO gamma, B-LASSO beta and BGLR by considering two heritabilities of 0.3 and 0.05. Three values of π (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) and four values of s2 (0.01, 0.1, 10, and 100) were simulated and correspondingly evaluated in terms of accuracy. The obtained results showed the highest accuracy of direct genomic breeding value was obtained under Bayes-A method, which were 0.88 and 0.69 for heritabilities of 0.3 and 0.05, respectively. Regression coefficients of methods for estimating the marker effects were more unbiased under heritability of 0.3 than 0.05. By considering the heritability of 0.3, the lowest and highest error were obtained under Bayes-A (121.2) and B-LASSO beta (165.2) methods, respectively. Under BGLR method, the highest and lowest accuracy of Bayes-A were obtained for π, 0.5 (0.81) and π, 0.1 (0.45). By increasing s2 parameter a decrease in the accuracy of genomic predictions was obtained. The obtained results suggested that to maximize the accuracy of the genetic prediction for traits with moderate to high heritability (0.3) optimal point of parameter π may ranged from 0.41 to 0.56 and while for traits with low heritability from 0.56 to 0.73.
Mina Salimpour; Mohammad Hossein Banabazi
Abstract
In the present study, the single-nucleotide polymorphisms and their transcriptome covereage on differential gene expressions were investigated between Holstein and cholistani population. Thus, the transcriptomes (mRNA Sequence) for a US Holstein and a Pakistanian Colistani cow population were assembled ...
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In the present study, the single-nucleotide polymorphisms and their transcriptome covereage on differential gene expressions were investigated between Holstein and cholistani population. Thus, the transcriptomes (mRNA Sequence) for a US Holstein and a Pakistanian Colistani cow population were assembled by aligning and mapping the RNA-Seq reads on bovine reference genome. Then differential gene expression analysis was performed. Finally 24616 genes and 26 716 isoforms on the transcriptome of these two populations were found among 41 genes that were showed significantly different expression. (P.value < 0,000015).Analysis of the gene ontology (GO) and routes indicated that they are involved in, 20 pathways A large number of genes in the pathways leading to immune response, leading to translate the electron transfer resistance to thermal stress and disease. A total of 53 478 and 145443 were SNP discovered in the genome of which 154 SNP in Cholistani population and 24 SNP in Holstein population were among 41 genes were significant In 18 genes, no SNP was observed. 23 genes had at least one SNP in each of the populations. The number of SNP in the cholistani breed was almost 5 times expresstion higher than the Holstein breed. These genes also had a high expression in the cholistani popularion breed. This can be one of the causes of differences in gene expression between two populations in this study
