پریزادیان کاوه، ب.، خسروی نیا، ح.، کریمی راد، ر. و توکلی نسب، ف. (1397). تاثیر افزودنیهای گیاهی خارمریم و گزنه بر شاخصهای ایمنی، فراسنجههای خون و مقدار کلسترول زرده تخممرغ در مرغهای نژاد تخمگذار. مجله تحقیقات دامپزشکی و فرآوردههای بیولوژیک. شماره 123، ص ص. 49-43.
حاجی زاده مقدم، ا.، احمدی اوندی، ا.، صیرفی، ر. و زارع، م. (1395). مقایسه اثرات درمانی سیلیمارین و نانوسیلیمارین بر مسمومیت کبدی القاء شده با نانوذرات دیاکسید تیتانیوم. مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی همدان. دوره 23. شماره 4. ص ص. 351-345.
فرخوی، م.، سیگارودی، ت. و نیک نفس، ف. (1373). راهنمای کامل پرورش طیور (ترجمه). انتشارات کوثر. ص ص. 924.
کریمی راد، م.، افضلی، ن.، قزاقی، م. و نعیمی پور یونسی، ح. (1392). بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف دانه زیره سبز بر صفات کیفی تخم و برخی فراسنجههای خونی بلدرچین ژاپنی. مجله تحقیقات دام و طیور. جلد 2. شماره 1. ص ص. 57-64.
نوبخت، ع. (1394). اثرات سطوح مختلف پودر گیاه دارویی خارمریم (Silybum marianum L.) بر عملکرد، فراسنجههای بیوشیمیایی و سلولهای خون مرغهای تخمگذار. مجله تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران. جلد 31. شماره 4. ص ص. 708-698.
نبی پور، ا.، اکبری کردخیلی، و.، عزیزی، س. و خنکدار طارسی، ع. (1397). اثرات سیلیبینین بر بیان ژنهای نیتریک اکساید سنتاز طی ایسکمی-ریپرفیوژن گرم کبدی در رتهای بالغ نر. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران. دوره بیست و هشتم. شماره 164. ص ص. 12-1.
Abdalla, A.A., Abou-Shehema, B.M., Rawia, S.H. and Elden, M.R. (2018). Effect of silymarin supplementation on the performance of developed chickens under summer conditions 1-during growth period. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal. 38(1): 305-329.
Abou-Shehema, B.M., Rawia, S.H., Khalifah, M.M. and Abdalla, A.A. (2016). Effect of silymarin supple-mentation on the performance of developed chickens under summer condition 2-during laying period. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal. 36(4): 1233-1249.
Akit, H.,. Sazili, A.Q, Ismail, N.A., Atan, N.A. and Loh, T.C. (2016). Effect of dietary soy lecithin on laying performance, egg quality and meat texture of aged layer hen. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science. 39(3): 365-372.
Alhidary I.A., Rehman, Z., Khan, R.U. and Tahir, M. (2017). Anti-aflatoxin activities of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) in broiler. World's Poultry Science Journal. 73(3): 559-566.
Blevins, S., Siegel, P.B., Blodgett, D.J., Ehrich, M., Saunders, G.K. and Lewis, R.M. (2010). Effects of silymarin on gossypol toxicosis in divergent lines of chickens. Poultry Science. 89(9): 1878-1886.
Clemens, M.G. (1999). Nitric oxide in liver injury. Hepatology. 30(1): 1-5.
DerMarderosian, A. 2001. The review of natural products. 1st ed. Facts and Comparisons: St. Louis. 405-9.
Di Costanzo, A. and Angelico, R. (2019). Formulation strategies for enhancing the bioavailability of silymarin: the state of the art. Molecules. 24(11): 2155.
Diesen, D.L. and Kuo, P.C. (2011). Nitric oxide and redox regulation in the liver: part II. Redox biology in pathologic hepatocytes and implications for intervention. Journal of Surgical Research. 167(1): 96-112.
Elson, C.E. and Qureshi, A.A. (1995). Coupling the cholesterol-and tumor-suppressive actions of palm oil to the impact of its minor constituents on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. 52(2-3): 205-208.
Faryadi, S. and Sheikhahmadi, A. (2017). Effect of nanosilicon dioxide on growth performance, egg quality, liver histopathology and concentration of calcium, phosphorus and silicon in egg, liver and bone in laying quails. Applied Nanoscience. 7(8): 765-772.
Faryadi, S., Sheikhahmadi, A., Farhadi, A. and Nourbakhsh, H. (2021). Effects of silymarin and nano-silymarin on performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of laying hens during storage. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 20(1): 1633-1644.
Faryadi, S., Sheikhahmadi, A. and Sadeghi, A. (2020). Effect of Purslane powder and Zinc supplementation on the performance, egg quality, antioxidant system and liver histopathology of lead-exposed laying Quails. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society. 71(3): 2363-2374.
Fatehi, D., Mohammadi, M., Shekarchi, B., Shabani, A., Seify, M. and Rostamzadeh, A. (2018). Radioprotective effects of Silymarin on the sperm parameters of NMRI mice irradiated with γ-rays. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. 178: 489-495.
Hashemi Jabali, N.S., Mahdavi, A.H., Ansari Mahyari, S., Sedghi, M. and Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki, R. (2018). Effects of milk thistle meal on performance, ileal bacterial enumeration, jejunal morphology and blood lipid peroxidation in laying hens fed diets with different levels of metabolizable energy. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 102(2): 410-420.
Junghanns, J.U.A. and Müller, R.H. (2008). Nanocrystal technology, drug delivery and clinical applications. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 3(3): 295-309.
Kakran, M., Sahoo, G.N., Li, L. (2015). Fabrication of nanoparticles of silymarin, hesperetin and glibenclamide by evaporative precipitation of nanosuspension for fast dissolution. Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta. 6(1): 2.
Kim, J.L., Park, S.H., Jeong, D., Nam, J.S. and Kang, Y.H. (2012). Osteogenic activity of silymarin through enhancement of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in osteoblasts and tibia-fractured mice. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 237(4): 417-428.
Kshirsagar, M., Mahash, V., Srinivas, P. and Mangala, L. (2013). Evaluation of the protective effect of silymarin on doxorubicin induced chronic testicular toxicity in Rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences. 4(1): 473-484.
Lang, I., Nekam, K., Deak, G., Müzes, G., Gonzales-Cabello, R., Gergely, P. and Feher, J. (1990). Immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects of in vivo treatment with free radical scavengers. The Italian Journal of Gastroenterology. 22(5): 283-287.
Livak, K.J. and Schmittgen, T.D. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2− ΔΔCT method. Methods. 25(4): 402-408.
Lorenzo, J.M., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Gavahian, M., Marszalek, K., Es, I., Munekata, P.E., Ferreira, I.C., Barba, F.J. (2019). Understanding the potential benefits of thyme and its derived products for food industry and consumer health: From extraction of value-added compounds to the evaluation of bioaccessibility, bioavailability, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 59(8): 2879-2895.
Madar, Z., Kalet-Litman, S. and Stark, A.H. (2005). Inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and expression in liver and hepatocytes of diabetic rats. Pharmacology. 73(2): 106-112.
Metwally, M.A.A., El-Gellal, A.M. and El-Sawaisi, S.M. (2009). Effects of silymarin on lipid metabolism in rats. World Applied Sciences Journal. 6(12): 1634-1637.
Morazzoni, P., Montalbetti, A., Malandrino, S. and Pifferi, G. (1993). Comparative pharmacokinetics of silipide and silymarin in rats. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 18(3): 289-297.
Parveen, R., Baboota, S., Ali, J., Ahuja, A., Vasudev, S.S. and Ahmad S. (2011). Effects of silymarin nano-emulsion against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage. Archives of Pharmacal Research. 34(5): 767-774.
Pradhan, S.C. and Girish, C. (2006). Hepatoprotective herbal drug, silymarin from experimental pharmacology to clinical medicine. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 124(5): 491-504.
Radhika, M.I., Ezhilarasan, D. and Gopinath, P. (2017). Antimicrobial efficacy of silymarin and silibinin against oral microorganisms. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 7(03): 139-143.
Rathore, P., Arora, I., Rastogi, S., Akhtar, M., Singh, S. and Samim, M. (2020). Collagen nanoparticle-mediated brain silymarin delivery: an approach for treating cerebral ischemia and reperfusion-induced brain injury. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 14: 979.
End-of-cycle bone quality in white-and brown-egg laying hens. Poultry Science. 83(3): 375-383.
SAS Institute. 2001. SAS/STAT User, Guide. Release Version 9.1. SAS Institute Inc. Cary. NC.
Sellami, I.H., Maamouri, E., Chahed, T., Wannes, W.A., Kchouk, M.E. and Marzouk, B. (2009). Effect of growth stago on the content and composition of the essential oil and phenolic fraction of sweet marjoram (origanum majoranal). Industrial Crops and Products. 30: 395-4020.
Sherif I.O. and Al-Gayyar, M.M. (2013). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of silymarin on hepatic dysfunction induced by sodium nitrite. European Cytokine Network. 24(3): 114-121.
Sobolova, L., Skottova, N., Vecera, R. and Urbanek, K. (2006). Effect of silymarin and its polyphenolic fraction on cholesterol absorption in rats. Pharmacological Research. 53(2): 104-112.
Stastnik, O., Mrkvicova, E., Pavlata, L., Roztocilova, A., Umlaskova, B. and Anzenbacherova, E. (2019). Performance, biochemical profile and antioxidant activity of hens supplemented with addition of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seed cakes in diet. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. 67: 993-1003.
Tedesco, D., Steidler, S., Galletti, S., Tameni, M., Sonzogni, O. and Ravarotto, L. (2004). Efficacy of silymarin-phospholipid complex in reducing the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in broiler chicks. Poultry Science. 83(11): 1839-1843.
Tong, L., Chuang, C.C., Wu, S. and Zuo, L. (2015). Reactive oxygen species in redox cancer therapy. Cancer Letters. 367(1): 18-25.
Tsai, J.H., Liu, J.Y., Wu, T.T., Ho, P.C., Huang, C.Y., Shyu, J.C. and Liu, Y.C. (2008). Effects of silymarin on the resolution of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 15(7): 508-514.
Vargas-Mendoza, N., Madrigal-Santillan, E., Morales-González, A., Esquivel-Soto, J., Esquivel-Chirino, C., Gonzalez-Rubio, M.G.L. and Morales-Gonzalez, J.A. (2014). Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin. World Journal of Hepatology. 6(3): 144-149.
Wang, M., Xie, T., Chang, Z., Wang, L., Xie, X., Kou, Y. and Gao, X. (2015). A new type of liquid silymarin proliposome containing bile salts: its preparation and improved hepatoprotective effects. PloS one. 10(12): e0143625.
Wenk, C. (2003). Herbs and botanicals as feed additives in monogastric animals. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 16: 282-289.
Zaulet, M., Kevorkian, S.E.M., Dinescu, S., Cotoraci, C., Suciu, M., Herman, H. and Hermenean, A. (2017). Protective effects of silymarin against bisphenol A-induced hepatotoxicity in mouse liver. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 13(3): 821-828.
Ziamajidi, N., Behrouj, H., Abbasalipourkabir, R. and Lotfi, F. 2018. Ameliorative effects of Allium sativum extract on iNOS gene expression and NO production in liver of streptozotocin+ nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 33(2): 147-153.
)