نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته دکتری تغذیه دام دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه علوم دامی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
چکیده
این تحقیق به منظور بررسی سطوح مختلف عصاره تفاله انگور بر تجزیهپذیری و قابلیتهضم جیره معمول گاو شیری با استفاده از روش تولید گاز دو مرحلهای تغییر‌یافته، انجام پذیرفت. مقادیر اسیدهای چرب فرار، تولید آمونیاک و جمعیت پروتوزوآ تعیین گردیدند. شش سطح عصاره مورد استفاده قرار گرفت که شامل GE0: جیره پایه بدون عصاره، GE1، GE2، GE3، GE4، GE5 به ترتیب 12، 24، 36، 48 و 60 میکرولیتر عصاره به ازای 50 میلیلیتر محیط تلقیح بود. تجزیهپذیری شکمبه‌ای ماده‌خشک تیمارهای GE3، GE4 و GE5 در مقایسه با GE0 کاهش یافت، ولی تجزیهپذیری شکمبه‌ای پروتئین‌خام در کل تیمارهای حاوی عصاره نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش نشان داد. قابلیتهضم ماده‌خشک و پروتئین‌خام در تیمارهای GE4 و GE5 در مقایسه با تیمار GE0 کاهش یافت. استفاده از عصاره، مقدار پروتئین عبوری و قابلیتهضم پروتئین‌خام عبوری در محلول پپسین- اسید هیدروکلریدریک را در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد، افزایش داد. جمعیت باکتری‌های پروتئولیتیک در تیمارهای GE4 و GE5 نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش یافت. مقدار کل اسیدهای چرب فرار، استات و نسبت استات به پروپیونات در تیمارهای GE3، GE4 و GE5 در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد کمتر بود. افزودن عصاره باعث کاهش مقدار تولید آمونیاک، جمعیت کل پروتوزوآ، زیرخانواده انتودینینه1 و جنس داسی‌تریچا3 شد. جنس ایزوتریچا2، زیرخانواده دیپلودینینه4 و زیرخانواده افریوسکالسینه5 در زمان‌های 12 و 24 ساعت بعد از گرمخانهگذاری با افزودن عصاره کاهش یافت. در کل، استفاده از عصاره تفاله انگور، مقدار آمونیاک، جمعیت پروتوزوآ و تجزیه پروتئین را کاهش و قابلیت هضم‌پروتئین عبوری از شکمبه را افزایش داد
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