آمار نامه کشاورزی. (1392). آمارنامه کشاورزی محصولات زراعی سال زراعی 91-1390. جلد اول، ویرایش دوم، تهران، وزارت جهادکشاورزی، معاونت برنامهریزی و اقتصادی، مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات. http://www.maj.ir.
پاسندی، م.، تربتی نژاد، ن. م.، غلامی، ح. و اخوت، م. ح. (1388). بررسی اثرات افزودن کاه گندم و ملاس بر خواص سیلویی بقایای زراعت باقلا. مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، 16: 76-81.
قاسمی، الف.، خوروش، م،. قربانی، غ. ر.، امیدی، ح. و امامی، م. ر. (1394). تاثیر فرآوریهای شیمیایی بر ترکیبات شیمیایی و تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای کاه برنج. نشریه علوم دامی. 105: 193-202.
زاهدی فر، م.، فضائلی، ح.، عباسی، الف.، علیوردی نسب، ر.، اسد زاده، ن.، رضایی، م. و تیمور نژاد، ن. (1392). استفاده از کلش گندم عمل آوری شده با اوره در بلوکهای خوراک کامل و اثر آن بر عملکرد گوسالههای نر پرواری. پژوهش و سازندگی، 100: 53-61.
AOAC International. 1997. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD.
AOAC. (2000). Official methods of analysis, 17th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC.
Broderick, G. A. and Kang, J. H. (1980). Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science, 33: 64–75.
Buckmaster, D. M. (2000). Particle size in dairy cows. PP. 109-128. In: P. C. Garnsworthy and J. Wiseman, (Eds), Recent advances in animal nutrition, Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.
Buranov, A. U. and Mazza, G. (2008). Lignin in straw of herbaceous crops. Industrial Crops and Products, 28: 237–259.
Cameron, M. G. Fahey, J. G. C. Clark, J. H. Merchen, N. R. and Berger, L. L. (1990). Effects of feeding alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw-based diets on digestion and production by dairy cows Journal of Dairy Science, 73: 3544-3554.
Canfield, R. W. Sniffen, C. J. and Butler, W. R. (1990). Effects of excess degradable protein on postpartum reproduction and energy balance in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 73: 2342-2349.
Chiquette, J., Allison, M. J. and Rasmussen, M. A. (2008). Prevotella bryantii 25A used as a probiotic in early-lactation dairy cows: effect on ruminal fermentation characteristics, milk production, and milk composition. Journal of Dairy Science 91(9): 3536-3543.
Doyle, P. T. Devendra, C. and Pearce, G. R. (1986). [v1] Rice straw as a feed for ruminants. IDP, Canberra, Australia.
Ghasemi, E., Khorvash, M., Ghorbani, G. R., and Elmamouz, F. )2014a(. Effects of straw treatment and nitrogen supplementation on digestibility, intake and physiological responses of water intake as well as urine and faecal characteristics. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 98:100-106.
Ghasemi, E., Ghorbani, G. R., Khorvash, M. and Emami, M. R. )2014b(. Adjustment of pH and enzymatic treatment of barley straw by dry processing method. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 42: 400-405.
Ghasemi, E, Khorvash, M, Ghorbani, G. R., Hashemzadeh, F., Saebi-far, M., Kahyani, A. and Kazemi-bonchenari, M. )2014c). Interaction effects of degradable nitrogen sources and straw treatment on rumen parameters and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 84 (9): 1011–1015.
Gupta M. L. and Pradhan, K. (1976). Chemical and biological evaluation of ensiled wheat straw. Journal of Dairy Science, 60: 1088-1094.
Hendriks, A. T. and Zeeman, G. (2009). Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresource Technology, 100: 10–18.
Igwuegbu, O. A. and Sutton, J. D. (1982). The effect of varying amount of linseed oil supplementation on rumen metabolism in sheep. British Journal of Nutrition, 48: 365–375.
Kendall, C. Leonardi, C. Hoffman, C. and Combs, D. K. (2009). Intake and milk production of cows offered diets that differed in dietary neutral detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. Journal of Dairy Science, 92: 313–323.
Kononoff, P. J., Heinrichs, A. J. and Buckmaster, D. R. (2003). Modification of the Penn State forage and total mixed ration particle separator and the effects of moisture content on its measurements. Journal of Dairy Science, 86:1858–1863.
Leng R A. 1990. Factors affecting the utilization of ‘poor quality’ forage by ruminants particularly under tropical conditions. Nutrition Research Reviews 3: 277–303.
Malek, M. A. Khan, M. J. and Islam, M. S. (2008). Nutritive value of rice straw as affected by ensiling with urea and urease sources at various moisture levels. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 78: 182-185.
16 January 2015: NASA GISS: NASA GISS: NASA, NOAA Find 2014 Warmest Year in Modern Record, in:ResearchNews. NASAGoddardInstituteforSpaceStud-ies, New York, NY, USA. Accessed 20 February 2015.
National Research Council (NRC). 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th Rev. Ed. Natl. Acad. Sci. (Washington DC).
National Research Council (NRC). 2003. Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
Oba, M. and Allen, M. S. (1999). Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage: effects on dry matter intake and milk yield of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 82: 589–596.
Polyorach, S. and Wanapat, M. (2015). Improving the quality of rice straw by urea and calcium hydroxide on rumen ecology, microbial protein synthesis in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 99(3): 449-456.
Poore, M.H. Moore, J.A. Swingle, R.S. Eck, T.P. and Brown, W.H. 1993. Response of lactating Holstein cows to diets varying in fiber source and ruminal starch degradabllity. Journal of Dairy Science, 76 (8): 2235–2243.
Sanchez, W. K. McGuire, M. A. and Beede, D. K. (1994). Macromineral nutrition by heat stress interactions in dairy cattle: Review and original research. Journal of Dairy Science, 77: 2051– 2079.
SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 8.2 Edition. (2001). SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC.
Thompson, D. Barnes, J. and Houghton, T. (2005). Effect of additions on ensiling and microbial community of senesced wheat straw. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 121: 21-46.
Touqir, N. A. Ajmal Khan, M., Sarwar, M., Nisa, M., Lee, W. S., Lee, H. J. and Kim, H. S. (2007). Influence of varying dry matter and molasses levels on berseem and lucerne silage characteristics and their in situ digestion kinetics in nili buffalo bulls. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 20(6): 887-893.
Van Keulen, V. and Young, B. H. (1977). Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. Journal of Animal Science, 26: 119–135.
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of ruminant. Cornell University Press. Ithaca, NY.
Van Soest, P. J. (2006). Rice straw, the role of silica and treatments to improve quality. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 130: 137-171.
Van Soest, P, J. Robertson, J, B. and Lewis, B. A. (1991). Symposium: Carbohydrate methodology, metabolism, and nutritional implications in dairy cattle. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583–3597.
Wanapat, M. Sundstøl, F. and Garmo, T. H. (1985). A comparison of alkali treatment methods to improve the nutritive value of straw. I. Digestibility and metabolizability. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 12: 295–309.
Wanapat, M. Polyrach, S. Boonnop, K. Mapato, C. and Cherdthong, A. (2009). Effect of treating rice straw with urea and calcium hydroxide upon intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and milk yield of dairy cows. Livestock Science, 125: 238–243.