نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی
2 دانشجوی فوق دکتری علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، غذا و علوم تغذیه، دانشگاه آلبرتا، کانادا.
3 استاد پژوهشی، موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور،سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
محصول فرعی پسته از مهمترین محصولات فرعی کشور است. این محصول شامل پوست نرم رویی، دُم خوشه‌ها، برگ‌ها، سرشاخه‌ها و مقداری پسته‌های پوک و نیمه مغز است. مطالعاتی برای فرآوری، نگهداری و استفاده در تغذیه دام‌ها انجام شده است، با این‌حال هنوز زمینه مناسبی برای ورود کامل محصول به خوراک دام میسر نشده است. این مقاله با‌هدف جمع‌بندی نتایج حاصل از مطالعات برای عمل‌آوری، نگهداری، ترکیبات شیمیایی، تعیین سطوح مناسب مصرف در دام‌های مختلف و بررسی تاثیر آن بر عملکرد رشد و قابلیت هضم تهیه شده است. تولید این محصول نسبت به پسته خشک حدود 6/1 برابر می‌باشد. خشک کردن محصول در برابرآفتاب مشروط به پهن شدن در لایه‌های 5 سانتی‌متری و زیر و رو کردن مرتب می‌تواند روش مناسبی برای نگهداری باشد. خشک کردن با دستگاه در صورتی که رطوبت به خوبی خارج شود و محصول تحت آسیب حرارتی قرار نگیرد، توصیه شده است. سیلوکردن بدون افزودنی روش مناسبی برای نگهداری محصول می‌باشد، ضمن اینکه افزودن 5/1 درصد ملاس و حداکثر 5/0 درصد اوره در افزایش کیفیت آن موثر است. میانگین ماده خشک، ماده آلی، پروتئین خام، دیواره سلولی، دیواره سلولی بدون همی‌سلولز، ترکیبات فنلی و کل تانن در محصول خشک به‌ترتیب 91/93، 84/83، 81/11، 27/30، 12/22، 38/10 و 16/6 درصد تعیین شد. میانگین قابلیت هضم ماده خشک این محصول بین 50/56-00/52 درصد تعیین گردید. نتایج مطالعات نشان می‌دهد که می‌توان از آن به‌عنوان بخشی از جیره گاوهای شیری تا 10 درصد، گاوهای گوشتی تا 12 درصد و گوسفند و بز تا 25 درصد ماده خشک جیره استفاده نمود.
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