امامی، ع.، رضوانی مقدم، پ.، قدرت نما، ا. و حافظیان، س.س.(1386). بررسی اثر نسبت های مختلف فاظلاب تصفیه شده شهری بر برخی خصوصیات کیفی سه گیاه علوفه ای سورگوم، ذرت و ارزن. مجله پژوهشهای زراعی ایران، 5(2). 211-219.
کوچکی، ع.، حسینی، م. و نصیری محلاتی، م. (1372). رابطه آب و خاک در گیاهان زراعی(ترجمه). انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد. ص. 236-209.
جوانشیر، ع.، حمیدی، ا.، دباغ محمدی نسب، ع. و قلیپور، م. (1379). اکولوژی کشت مخلوط. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد
مظاهری، د. و مجنون حسینی، ن. (1381). مبانی زراعت عمومی، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران چاپ دوم.
نباتی، ج. و رضوانی مقدم، پ. (1389). اثر فواصل آبیاری بر عملکرد و خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی ارزن، سورگوم و ذرت علوفهای. مجله علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران، 41(1). 179-186.
AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis, 17th ed. Official Methods ofAnalysis of AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Atis, I., Konuskan, O., Duru, M., Gozubenli, H. and Yilmaz, S. (2012). Effect of harvesting time on yield, composition and forage quality of some forage sorghum cultivars. International Journal of Agricultural and Biology, 14: 879-886.
Avasi, Z., Szucsne, P. J. and Marki-Zayne, I. K. (2001). Nutritive value and organic acid content of the combined maize-sorghum silage fermented with several kinds of biological additives. 10th Int. Symp. Forage Conservation, 10-11. Sept. Brno, Czech Republic.
Avasi, Z., Szucsne, P. J., Marki-Zayne, I. K. and Korom, S. (2006). Aerobic stability of sorghum-maize mixed silages.12th International Symposium, Forage Conservation, 3-5th April, Brno, Czech Republic.
Balabanli, C., Albayrak, S., Turk, M. and Yuksel, O. (2010). A research on determination of hay yields and silage qualities of some vetch+cereal mixtures. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 15: 2.204-209.
Barker, B. and Summerson, W.H. (1941). The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in biological material. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 138: 535–554.
Bean, B. and Marsalis, M. (2012). Corn and sorghum silage production considerations,The High Plains Dairy Conference, Amarillo, Texas.
Brito, A. F., Broderick, G. A. and Reynal, S. M. (2006). Effect of varying dietary ratios of alfalfa silage to corn silage on omasal flow and microbial protein synthesis in dairy cows, Journal Dairy Science, 89: 3939–3953.
Broderick, G. A., Brito, A.F. and Olmos Colmenero, J.J. (2007). Effects of feeding formate-treated alfalfa silage or red clover silage on the production of lactating dairy cows. Journal Dairy Science, 90: 1378-1391.
Browning, C.B. and Lusk, J.W. (1966). Comparison of feeding value of corn and grain sorghum silages on the basis of milk production and digestibility, Journal Dairy Science, 49: 12.1511-1514.
Buxton, D R. (1996). Quality-related characteristics of forages as influenced by plant environment and agronomic factors. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 59: 1.37–49.
Contreras-Govea, F.E., Marsalis, M.A., Lauriault, L.M. and Bean, B.W. (2010). Forage sorghum nutritive value; A review. Online. Forage and Grazinglands. 10: 1094.
Danner, H., Holzer, M., Mayrhuber, E. and Braun, R. (2003). Acetic Acid Increases Stability of Silage under Aerobic Conditions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69: 1. 562-567.
Douglas, J.H., Sullivan, T.W., Bond, P.L. and Struwe, F.J. (1990). Nutrient composition and metabolizable energy values of selected grain sorghum varieties and yellow corn. Poultry Science, 69:1147–1155.
Filya, I. (2002). The effects of lactic acid bacterial inoculants on the fermentation, aerobic stability and in situ rumen degradability characteristics of maize and sorghum silages. Turkish Journal ofVeterinary and Animal Sciences. 26: 815–823.
Filya, I., Sucu, E. and Karabulut, A. (2004). The effect of Propionibacterium acidipropionici, with or without Lactobacillus plantarum, on the fermentation and aerobic stability of wheat, sorghum and maize silages. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 97: 818–826.
Hanna, W.W., Monson, W.G. and Gaines, T.P. (1981). IVDMD, total sugars, and lignin measurements of normal and brown midrib (bmr) sorghums at various stages of development. Agronomy Journal, 73: 1050–1052.
Hatfield, R. D., Jung, H. J. G., Broderick, G. and Jenkins, T. C. (2007). Nutritional chemistry of forages. In Forages: The Science of Grassland Agriculture, Volume II. Sixth Edition. Edited by Robert F Barnes, C Jerry Nelson, Kenneth J Moore, and Michael Collins. Ames (Iowa): Blackwell Publishing Professional.
Hinds, M., Brethour, J., Bolsen, K. and Harvey, I. (1992). Inoculant and Urea-Molasses Additives for Forage Sorghum Silage. Kansas State University Cattlemen’s Day, 11-15. Manhattan, KS.
Hopkins, A. and Wilkins, R. J. (2006). Temperate grassland: Key developments in the last century and future perspectives. Journal of Agriculture Science, Camebridge, 144: 503-523.
Kaplan, M., (2013). The effect of variety on the chemical composition and ensiling characteristics of sorghum plant, KSU Journal of Natural Science, 16: 2.34-38.
Keskin, B., Yılmaz, I. H., Karslı, M.A. and Nursoy, H. (2005). Effects of urea or urea plus molasses supplementation to silages with different sorghum varieties harvested at the milk stage on the quality and in vitro dry matter digestibility of silages, Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 2: 9.1143-1147.
Kilic, A. (1986). Silage Feed (Education, Instruction and Application Suggestions). Bilgehan Press, Izmir, Turkey, p. 327.
Lance, R. D., Foss, D. C., Krueger, C. R., Baumgardt, B. R. and Niedermerier, R. P. (1964). Evaluation of corn and sorghum silages on the basis of milk production and digestibility, Journal of Dairy Science, 47: 254-257.
Licitra, G., Hernandez, T. M. and Van Soest, P. J. (1996). Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Techlology, 57: 347.
Marsalis, M.A., Angadi, S. V. and Contreras-Govea, F. E. (2010). Dry matter yield and nutritive value of corn, forage sorghum, and BMR forage sorghum at different plant populations and nitrogen rates. Field Crops Resarch, 116: 52-57.
McDonald, P., Henderson, A. R. and Heron, S. J. E. (1991). Biochemistry of Silage. 2nd ed. Chalcombe Publication, Marlow, UK.
McDonald I. M. (1981). A revised model for the estimation of protein degradability in the rumen. Journal Agricultural Science, 96: 251-252.
Mcsweeny, C. S., Palmer, B., McNeill, D. M. and Krause, D. O. (2001). Microbial interaction with tannin: nutritional consequences for ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 91: 83-93
Menke, K. H. and Steingass, H. (1988). Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Researc Development, 28: 8–55.
Mertens, D. R. (1994). Regulation of forage intake. In: Forage Quality, Evaluation and Utilization. G.C. Fahey Jr., ed. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI. P: 450-493.
Miron, J., Zuckerman, E., Sadeh, D., Adin, G., Nikbachat, M., Yosef, E., Ben-Ghedalia, D., Carmi, A., Kipnis, T. and Solomon, R. (2005). Yield, composition and in vitro digestibility of new forage sorghum varieties and their ensilage characteristics. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 120: 17–32.
Moorby, J.M., Evans, R.T., Scollan, N.D., Mac Rae, J.C. and Theodorou, M.K. (2006). Increased concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Evaluation in dairy cows in early lactation. Grass Forage Science, 61: 52-59.
Muck, R. E. (1987). Dry matter level effects on alfalfa silage quality.1.Nitrogen transformation-transaction of the ASAE. 30: 7-14
Pholsen, S., Kasikranan, S., Pholsen, P. and Suksri, A. (1998). Dry Matter, Chemical Components and Dry Matter degredability of Ten Sorghum Cultivas (Sorghum bicolar L. Moench) Grown on xic Paleustult Soil. Pakistan Journal of Science, 1: 3.228-231.
Portillo, H. E., Pitre, H.N. and Andrews K.L. (1994).The influence of weeds on insect-related mortality of intercropped sorghum and maize in southern Honduras. Tropical Agriculture, 71: 3.208-214.
Prostko, E. P., Muir, J.P. and Stokes, S.R. (1998). The influence of harvest timing on forage sorghum silage yield and quality. Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Stephensville, TX. Accessed Jun. 15, 2012.
Sanchez, A.C., Subudhi, P.K., Rosenhow, D.T. and Nguyen, H.T. (2002). Mapping QTLs associated with drought resistance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Journal of Plant Molecular Biology, 48: 713-726.
Tabacco, J. E., Borreani, G., Crovetto, G.M., Galassi, G., Colombo, D. and Cavallarin, L. (2006). Effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality, proteolysis, and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage. Dairy Science, 89: 4736–4746.
Thomas , M. E., Foster, J. L., McCuistion, K. C., Redmon, L. A. and Jessup, R. W. (2013). Nutritive value, fermentation characteristics, and in situ disappearance kinetics of sorghum silage treated with inoculants. Journal Dairy Science, 96: 7120-7131.
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. (2nd ed.). Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B. and Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal Dairy Science, 74: 3583-3597.
Ward, R. (2011). Analysing silage crops for quality: What is most important? In: Proceedings, 2011 Western Alfalfa and Forage Conference, Las Vegas, NV, 11–13 December, 2011.
Weatherburn, M. W. (1967). Phenol-Hypochorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 39: 971-974
Weinberg, Z. G., Ashbell, G. and Hen, Y. (2002). The aerobic stability of whole-crop wheat, corn and sorghum silages. 13th Int. Silage Conf., Auchincruive, 11-13 sept. SCOTLAND.
)