نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تغذیه دام، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد

2 دانشیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

3 استاد گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی اثر مخلوط پنج گیاه دارویی شامل سیر، اکالیپتوس، دارچین، آویشن، نعناع فلفلی و همچنین اسانس آن‌ها بر تولید و ترکیب شیر و فراسنجه‌های خونی گاوهای هلشتاین در اواسط شیردهی بود. این آزمایش با 18 راس گاو شیری هلشتاین در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تیمار شامل تیمار شاهد، تیمار مخلوط گیاهان دارویی (HPM:10 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک کنسانتره) و تیمار مخلوط اسانس گیاهان دارویی(EOM:150 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک کنسانتره) به مدت 28 روز و با 6 رأس گاو در هر تیمار اجرا شد. تولید شیر روزانه در سه بار دوشش اندازه‌گیری شد. در روزهای پایانی آزمایش نمونه‌گیری از خون و مایع شکمبه انجام شد.‌ تولید شیر و ترکیبات آن تحت تاثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار گرفتند، به‌‌طوری که استفاده از EOM در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد و HPM باعث افزایش تولید شیر (9/25 در مقابل 3/27 و 72/24 کیلوگرم در روز)، پروتئین (63/2 در مقابل 84/2 و 65/2 کیلوگرم در روز) و کل مواد جامد شیر (84/8 در مقابل 89/8 و 86/8 کیلوگرم در روز) گردید. هر دو ترکیب HPM و EOM غلظت کل اسیدهای چرب اشباع شیر را کاهش و غلظت اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع را افزایش دادند (05/0>P). غلظت آنزیم آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز (AST) و تری‌گلیسرید پلاسما بعد از مصرف خوراک و پروتئین پلاسما قبل از مصرف خوراک تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار گرفتند (05/0>P). به‌طور کلی استفاده از اسانس‌های گیاهی با تاثیر بر الگوی تخمیر شکمبه، باعث بهبود تولید شیر درگاوهای شیری شده و می‌تواند سبب تغییر در ترکیبات شیر شود.

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