مروری بر استفاده از حشرات در تغذیه طیور، فرصت‌ها و چالش‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 استاد مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

محدودیت منابع خوراکی در سطح جهان و کشور ما، توجه به استفاده از خوراک‌های جایگزین را افزایش داده است. پرورش حشرات یکی از شیوه‌های پیشنهاد شده به منظور ارتقای امنیت غذایی برای انسان و حیوانات است. حشرات به سرعت رشد کرده و تکثیر می شوند و به دلیل خون‌سرد بودن، ضریب تبدیل غذایی مناسبی دارند. آنها همچنین قادرند پس‌ماندهای کشاورزی را به زیست‌توده‌ای با ارزش انرژی و پروتئین مناسب تبدیل نمایند. این مقاله بر معرفی برخی حشرات مورد استفاده در تغذیه طیور (شامل جیرجیرک، میل‌ورم، لارو مگس سرباز سیاه، لارو مگس خانگی، ملخ) و کرم خاکی تمرکز یافته، در ادامه یافته‌های یافته‌های متخصصین تغذیه طیور درباره آنها مرور شده و در انتها به چالش‌های مربوط به ترویج استفاده از حشرات در صنعت طیور اشاره شده است. نتایج پژوهش ها نشانگر سطوح مناسب پروتئین خام (بین 42/1 تا 63/3 درصد) و انرژی قابل متابولسیم (بین 3298 تا 3833 کیلوکالری در کیلوگرم) در حشرات یا لارو مورد بررسی و امکان‌پذیر بودن استفاده از آن در خوراک طیور (به‌طور معمول 5 درصد جیره) بود. برخی نکات که در خصوص چالش‌های پرورش و استفاده از حشرات باید مورد توجه ویژه قرارگیرند شامل تدوین دستورالعمل قانونی برای صدور مجوز پرورش و مصرف حشرات، انتخاب گونه حشره ایمن و مناسب، نوع بستر پرورش و تغذیه، میزان کیتین موجود در اسکلت خارجی و همچنین بازاریابی مناسب و فرهنگ‌سازی در بین پرورش‌دهندگان و مصرف‌کنندگان گوشت طیور هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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علوم دامی
دوره 34، شماره 131
شهریور 1400
صفحه 167-186

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