Adhikari, P.A. and Kim, W.M. (2017). Overview of prebiotics and probiotics: focus on performance, gut health and immunity–a review. Annals of Animal Science. 17: 949-966.
Adil, S. and Magray, S.N. (2012). Impact and manipulation of gut microflora in poultry: A review. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Advance. 6: 873–877.
Al-Khalaifa, H., Al-Nasser, A., Al-Surayee, T., Al-Kandari, S., Al-Enzi, N., Al-Sharrah, T., Ragheb, G., Al-Qalaf, S. and Mohammed A. (2019). Effect of dietary probiotics and prebiotics on the performance of broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 98: 4465-4479.
AOAC. (2000). Official methods of analysis. Washington DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemist.
Aviagen. Ross 308 broiler. (2014). Nutrition specification. Newbridge, Midlothian, Scotland, UK: Ross Breeders Limited.
Chen, C., Li, J., Zhang, H., Xie, Y., Xiong, L., Liu, H. and Wang, F. (2020). Effects of a probiotic on the growth performance, intestinal flora, and immune function of chicks infected with Salmonella pullorum. Poultry Science. 99: 5316-5323.
Chen, F., Gao, S.S., Zhu, L.Q., Qin, S.Y. and Qiu, H.L. (2018). Effects of dietary Lactobacillus rhamnosus CF supplementation on growth, meat quality, and microenvironment in specific pathogen-free chickens. Poultry Science. 97: 118–123.
Cooper, K.K., Songer, J.G. and Uzal, F.A. (2013). Diagnosing clostridial enteric disease in poultry. Journal of Veterinary Diagnosis Investigation. 25: 314–327.
Eeckhaut, V., Wang, J., Van Parys, A., Haesebrouck, F., Joossens, M., Falony, G., Raes, J. and Ducatelle, R. (2016). The probiotic butyricicoccus pullicaecorum reduces feed conversion and protects from potentially harmful intestinal microorganisms and necrotic enteritis in broilers. Frontier Microbiology. 7: 1–9.
Fatahi, M.M., Ebeid, T.A., Al-Homidan, I., Soliman, N.K. and Abou-Emera, O.K. (2017). Influence of probiotic supplementation on immune response in broilers raised under hot climate. British Poultry Science. 58: 512–516.
Finstad, S., O’Bryan, C.A., Marcy, J.A., Crandall, P.G. and Ricke, S.C. (2012). Salmonella and broiler processing in the United States: Relationship to foodborne salmonellosis. Food Research International. 45: 789–794.
Fisinin, V.I. and Surai, P. (2013). Gut immunity in birds: Facts and reflections (review). Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biology. 4: 3–25.
Gaucher, M.-L., Quessy, S., Letellier, A., Arsenault, J. and Boulianne, M. (2015). Impact of a drug-free program on broiler chicken growth performances, gut health, Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter jejuni occurrences at the farm level. Poultry Science. 94: 1791–1801.
Gheisari, A.A. and Kholeghipour, B. (2006). Effect of dietary inclusion of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance, immune responses and blood parameters of broiler chickens. In Proceedings of the XII European Poultry Conference, Verona, Italy, 9 November.
He, S., Yin, Q., Xiong, Y., Liu, D. and Hu, H. (2020). Effects of dietary fumaric acid on the growth performance, immune response, relative weight and antioxidant status of immune organs in broilers exposed to chronic heat stress. Czech Journal of Animal Science. 65: 104–113.
He, T., Long, S., Mahfuz, S., Wu, D., Wang, X., Wei, X. and Piao, X. (2019). Effects of probiotics as antibiotics substitutes on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology, and barrier function of broilers. Animals. 9: 985-991.
Huyghebaert, G., Ducatelle, R. and Van Immerseel, F. (2011). An update on alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters for broilers. Veterinary Journal. 187: 182–188.
Jazi, V., Foroozandeh, A.D., Toghyani, M., Dastar, B., Rezaie Koochaksaraie, R., Toghyani, M. (2018). Effects of Pediococcus acidilactici, mannan-oligosaccharide, butyric acid and their combination on growth performance and intestinal health in young broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Poultry Science. 97:2034–2043.
Jazi, V., Mohebodini, H., Ashayerizadeh, A., Shabani, A. and Barekatain, R. (2019). Fermented soybean meal ameliorates Salmonella Typhimurium infection in young broiler chicks. Poultry Science. 0:1–13.
Laptev, G., Filippova, V.A., Kochish, I.I., Yildirim, E.A., Ilina, L.A., Dubrovin, A.V., Brazhnik, E.A., Novikova, N.I., Novikova, O.B., Dmitrieva, M.E., Smolensky, V.I., Surai, P.F., Grin, D.K. and Romanov, M.N. (2019). Examination of the expression of immunity genes and bacterial profiles in the caecum of growing chicks infected with Salmonella enteritidis and fed a phytobiotic. Animals. 9: 615-623.
Momeni, M. (2014). New topics in operations research. 6th ed. Moallef Publications, Tehran, Iran, 10-50.
Mora, L.Z., Nuño, K., Vázquez-Paulino, O., Avalos, H., Castro-Rosas, J., Gómez-Aldapa, C., Angulo, C., Ascencio, F. and Villarruel-López, A. (2019). Effect of a synbiotic mix on intestinal structural changes, and Salmonella Typhimurium and Clostridium perfringens colonization in broiler chicks. Animals 9: 777-785.
Naghi, A.S., Ghasemi, H.A. and Taherpour, K. (2017). Evaluation of Aloe vera and synbiotic as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on performance, gut morphology, immune responses and blood constitutes of broiler chicks. Animal Science Journal. 88: 306–313.
Olkowski, A.A.,Wojnarowicz, C., Chirino-Trejo, M., Laarveld, B. and Sawicki, G. (2008). Sub-clinical necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks: Novel etiological consideration based on ultra-structural and molecular changes in the intestinal tissue. Research in Veterinary Science. 85: 543–553.
Pulido-Landínez, M. (2019). Food safety-Salmonella update in broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 250: 53–58.
Shao, Y., Wang, Z., Tian, X., Guo, Y. and Zhang, H. (2016). YeastˆI 2- d -glucans induced antimicrobial peptide expressions against Salmonella infection in broiler chickens. International Journal of Biological Macromolecule. 85:573–584.
Shojadoost, B., Vince, A.R. and Prescott, J.F. (2012). The successful experimental induction of necrotic enteritis in chickens by Clostridium perfringens: A critical review. Veterinary Research. 43: 1-15.
Van Immerseel, F., Rood, J.I., Moore, R.J. and Titball, R.W. (2009). Rethinking our understanding of the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in chicks. Trends in Microbiology. 17: 32–36.
)