اثر افزودن سطوح مختلف ذرت علوفه‌ای بر بهبود کیفیت تخمیر و پایداری هوازی سیلاژ بخش هوایی جروسالم آرتیچوک (Helianthus tuberosus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر افزودن سطوح مختلف ذرت علوفه‌ای بر بهبود خصوصیات تخمیر و پایداری هوازی سیلاژ بخش هوایی گیاه جروسالم آرتیچوک انجام شد. جهت تهیه سیلاژها، این گیاه با نسبت های صفر، 25، 50 و 75 درصد ذرت علوفه‌ای در سیلوهای آزمایشگاهی با چهار تکرار سیلو شد.کمترین pH (85/3) و بیشترین غلظت اسید لاکتیک (5/48 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) در سیلاژهای حاوی 75 درصد و پس از آن در سیلاژهای حاوی 50 درصد ذرت علوفه ای مشاهده شد. در سیلاژهای حاوی 50 و 75 درصد ذرت علوفه‌ای کاهش غلظت اسید بوتیریک و نیتروژن آمونیاکی با افزایش جمعیت باکتری‌های اسید لاکتیک و کاهش جمعیت کپک و مخمر همراه بود. بیشترین نسبت اسید لاکتیک به اسید استیک (2/2) در سیلاژهای حاوی 75 درصد ذرت علوفه ای مشاهده شد. سیلاژهای حاوی 50 و 75 درصد ذرت علوفه ای دارای بیشترین پروتئین خام و کربوهیدارت های محلول بود. بیشترین پایداری هوازی در سیلاژهای حاوی 50 درصد ذرت علوفه ای (584 ساعت) با عدم رشد کپک در این سیلاژها همراه بود. نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد، استفاده از 50 درصد ذرت علوفه ای در هنگام تهیه سیلاژ بخش هوایی جروسالم آرتیچوک باعث بهبود تخمیر شد. همچنین، مخلوط نمودن این دو علوفه با سطوح مختلف استفاده شده از ذرت علوفه ای باعث بهبود پایداری هوازی سیلاژها شد و بیشترین پایداری هوازی در سیلاژ حاصل از مخلوط 50:50 این دو علوفه مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Amado, I.R., Fuciños, C., Fajardo, P., Guerra, N.P, and Pastrana, L. (2012). Evaluation of two bacteriocin producing probiotic lactic acid bacteria as inoculants for controlling Listeria monocytogenes in grass and maize silages. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 175(3-4): 137-149.
AOAC, (2000). Official methods of analysis, 15th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
Arriola, K.G., Oliveira, A.S., Jiang, Y., Kim, D., Silva, H.M., Kim, S.C., ... and Adesogan, A.T. (2021). Meta-analysis of effects of inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri, with or without other bacteria, on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 104(7): 7653-7670.
Bingöl, N.T., Karslı, M.A, and Akça, I. (2010). The effects of molasses and formic acid addition into Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) green mass in silage quality and digestibility. Yüzüncü yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 21(1):11-14.
Briceno, AG, and Martinez, R. (1995). Comparison of methods for the detection and enumeration of lactic acid bacteria in yogurt. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion. 45(3): 207–12.
Broderick, G.A. (1987). Determination of protein degradation rates using a rumen in vitro system containing inhibitors of microbial nitrogen metabolism. British Journal of Nutrition. 58(3): 463-475.
Cao, Y., Takahashi, T., Horiguchi, K.I, and Yoshida, N. (2010). Effect of adding lactic acid bacteria and molasses on fermentation quality and in vitro ruminal digestion of total mixed ration silage prepared with whole crop rice. Grassland Science. 56(1): 19-25.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.T, and Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry. 28(3): 350-356.
Fazaeli, H., Karkodi, K. and Mirhadi, A. (2009). In vitro and in vivo analysis of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) and alfalfa nutritive value. Isfahan University of Technology. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 13(48): 163-173. (In Persian).
Gallo, A., Giuberti, G., Bertuzzi, T., Moschini, M., and Masoero, F. (2015). Study of the effects of PR toxin, mycophenolic acid and roquefortine C on in vitro gas production parameters and their stability in the rumen environment. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 153(1): 163-176.
Gao, R., Wang, B., Jia, T., Luo, Y., and Yu, Z. (2021). Effects of different carbohydrate sources on alfalfa silage quality at different ensiling days. Agriculture11(1): 58.
Hay, R.K.M, and Offer, N.W. (1992). Helianthus tuberosus as an alternative forage crop for cool maritime regions: a preliminary study of the yield and nutritional quality of shoot tissues from perennial stands. Science of Food and Agriculture. 60(2): 213-221.
Heinritz, S.N., Martens, S.D., Avila, P, and Hoedtke, S. (2012). The effect of inoculant and sucrose addition on the silage quality of tropical forage legumes with varying ensilability. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 174(3-4): 201-210.
Iraporda, C., Rubel, I.A., Manrique, G.D., and Abraham, A.G. (2019). Influence of inulin rich carbohydrates from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers on probiotic properties of Lactobacillus strains. LWT. 101: 738-746.
Jimtha, C.J., Jishma, P., Sreelekha, S., Chithra, S, and Radhakrishnan, E.K. (2017). Antifungal properties of prodigiosin producing rhizospheric Serratia sp. Rhizosphere. 3: 105-108.
Karsli, M.A, and Bingoel, N.T. (2009). The determination of planting density on herbage yield and silage quality of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) green mass. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 15(4): 581-586.
Kim, S., and Kim, C.H. (2014). Evaluation of whole Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) for consolidated bioprocessing ethanol production. Renewable energy65: 83-91.
Kung Jr, L., Smith, M.L., da Silva, E.B., Windle, M.C., da Silva, T.C., and Polukis, S.A. (2018). An evaluation of the effectiveness of a chemical additive based on sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and sodium nitrite on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science101(7): 5949-5960.
Li, L., Shao, T., Yang, H., Chen, M., Gao, X., Long, X., ... and Rengel, Z. (2017). The endogenous plant hormones and ratios regulate sugar and dry matter accumulation in Jerusalem artichoke in salt-soil. Science of the Total Environment578: 40-46.
Li, X., Tian, J., Zhang, Q., Jiang, Y., Wu, Z., & Yu, Z. (2018). Effects of mixing red clover with alfalfa at different ratios on dynamics of proteolysis and protease activities during ensiling. Journal of Dairy Science. 101(10): 8954-8964.
Long, X.H., Shao, H.B., Liu, L., Liu, L.P., and Liu, Z.P. (2016). Jerusalem artichoke: A sustainable biomass feedstock for biorefinery. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 54: 1382-1388.
Madrid, J., Martínez‐Teruel, A., Hernández, F., and Megías, M.D. (1999). A comparative study on the determination of lactic acid in silage juice by colorimetric, high‐performance liquid chromatography and enzymatic methods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 79(12): 1722-1726.
McDonald, P., Henderson, A.R, and Heron, S.J.E. (1991). The biochemistry of silage. Chalcombe publications.
Ni, K., Zhao, J., Zhu, B., Su, R., Pan, Y., Ma, J., Zhou, G., Tao, Y., Liu, X., Zhong, J. (2018). Assessing the fermentation quality and microbial community of the mixed silage of forage soybean with crop corn or sorghum. Bioresource Technology. 265: 563–567.
Ogunade, I.M., Jiang, Y., Cervantes, A.P., Kim, D.H., Oliveira, A.S., Vyas, D., and Adesogan, A.T. (2018). Bacterial diversity and composition of alfalfa silage as analyzed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing: effects of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and silage additives. Dairy science. 101(3): 2048-2059.
Oliveira, A.S., Weinberg, Z.G., Ogunade, I.M., Cervantes, A.A., Arriola, K.G., Jiang, Y., ... and Adesogan, A.T. (2017). Meta-analysis of effects of inoculation with homofermentative and facultative heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and the performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science100(6): 4587-4603.
Ozturk, D., Kizilsimsek, M., Kamalak, A., Canbolat, O., and Ozkan, C. (2006). Effects of ensiling alfalfa with whole-crop maize on the chemical composition and nutritive value of silage mixtures. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 19(4): 526-532.
Papi, N., Kafilzadeh, F, and Fazaeli, H. (2015). Yield, composition and digestibility of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) at different harvesting stages. Animal Production. 17(2): 335-345. (In Persian).
Papi, N., Kafilzadeh, F., and Fazaeli, H. (2017). Effects of incremental substitution of maize silage with Jerusalem artichoke silage on performance of fat-tailed lambs. Small Ruminant Research. 147: 56-62.
Papi, N., Kafilzadeh, F., and Fazaeli, H. (2019). Use of Jerusalem artichoke aerial parts as forage in fat-tailed sheep diet. Small Ruminant Research. 174: 1-6.
Rabie, C.J., Lübben, A., Marais, G.J., and Van Vuuren, H.J. (1997). Enumeration of fungi in barley. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 35(2): 117-127.
Ranjit, N.K., and Kung, J.R. (2000). The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, or a chemical preservative on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage. Dairy Science. 83(3): 526-535.
Ricca, E., Calabrò, V., Curcio, S., and Iorio, G. (2007). The state of the art in the production of fructose from inulin enzymatic hydrolysis. Critical reviews in biotechnology27(3): 129-145.
Sangeetha, P.T., Ramesh, M.N., and Prapulla, S.G. (2005). Recent trends in the microbial production, analysis and application of fructooligosaccharides. Trends in food science & technology16(10): 442-457.
Santos, A.O., Ávila, C.L.S., Pinto, J.C., Carvalho, B.F., Dias, D.R., and Schwan, R.F. (2016). Fermentative profile and bacterial diversity of corn silages inoculated with new tropical lactic acid bacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology120(2): 266-279.
Singh, P., and Gill, P.K. (2006). Production of inulinases: recent advances. Food Technology and Biotechnology44(2): 151-162.
Taherabadi, L., and Kafilzadeh, F. (2022). Impact of harvesting the aerial part of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) as forage on tuber yield. Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops. 2(1): 11-18.  
Tulumoğlu, Ş., Erdem, B., and Şimşek, Ö. (2018). The effects of inulin and fructo-oligosaccharide on the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from human milk. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C73(9-10): 367-373.
Van Soest, P.Y., Robertson, J., and Lewis, B. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Dairy Science. 74: 3583-3597.
Wuisman, Y., Hiraoka, H., Yahaya, M. S., Takeda, M., Kim, W., Takahashi, T, and Goto, M. (2006). Effects of phenylalanine fermentation byproduct and sugarcane molasses on fermentation quality and rumen degradation of whole crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage in situ. Grassland science. 52(2): 73-79.
Xu, L., Hu, Y., Li, X., Yin, X., Tang, G., and Zhang, J. (2022). Effects of wheat‐legume cultures on the fermentation quality and protein degradation of silage. Grassland Science. 68(1): 13-22.
Yan, Y., Li, X., Guan, H., Huang, L., Ma, X., Peng, Y., Li, Z., Nie, G., Zhou, J., Yang, W. (2019). Microbial community and fermentation characteristic of Italian ryegrass silage prepared with corn stover and lactic acid bacteria. Bioresource Technology. 279: 166–173.
Yang, G., and Wang, J. (2018). Kinetics and microbial community analysis for hydrogen production using raw grass inoculated with different pretreated mixed culture. Bioresource technology. 247: 954-962.
Zeng, T., Li, X., Guan, H., Yang, W., Liu, W., Liu, J., and Yan, Y. (2020). Dynamic microbial diversity and fermentation quality of the mixed silage of corn and soybean grown in strip intercropping system. Bioresource Technology. 313: 123655-12369.
Zhang, S. J., Chaudhry, A. S., Osman, A., Shi, C. Q., Edwards, G. R., Dewhurst, R. J., and Cheng., L. (2015). Associative effects of ensiling mixtures of sweet sorghum and alfalfa on nutritive value, fermentation and methane characteristics. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 206: 29-38.
Zhao, X., Liu, J., Liu, J., Yang, F., Zhu, W., Yuan, X., and Wang, X. (2017). Effect of ensiling and silage additives on biogas production and microbial community dynamics during anaerobic digestion of switch grass. Bioresource Technology. 241: 349-359.