نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی پیشین کارشناسی ارشد،گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل
2 دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل
چکیده
زنبورعسل نقش کلیدی در امنیت‌غذایی داشته اما سلامت کندوهای آن با آفات مختلف مانند واروآ تهدید شده، بنابراین استفاده از کنه‌کش‌های شیمیایی اجتناب‌ناپذیر بوده اما کاربرد مکرر آن‌ها باعث مقاومت واروآ شده، بنابراین توجه محققین به سموم با منشا گیاهی جلب شده‌است. علی‌رغم کارایی سموم‌گیاهی در مبارزه با واروآ، اثرات جانبی آن‌ها بر سلامت کندو نکته کلیدی است. با این هدف، در پژوهش حاضر اثرات زیستی تیمول، ترانس‌آنتول و دی‌آلیل‌دی‌سولفاید که به‌عنوان کنه‌کش‌های مناسب معرفی شده‌اند، روی زنبورهای عسل بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت ایجادکننده کشندگی 50 درصد زنبورها با تیمول، ترانس‌آنتول و دی‌آلیل‌دی‌سولفاید به‌ترتیب معادل 46/16، 22/55 و 30/37 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بود. اثرات غلظت‌های کشندگی LC15، LC30 و LC50 از این ترکیبات بر فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی زنبورعسل (کاتالاز، سوپراکسیددیسموتاز وگلوتاتیون اس-ترانسفراز) و میزان پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی، نشان داد که میزان فعالیت این آنزیم‌ها در تیمارهای تیمول و ترانس‌آنتول، افزایش معنی‌داری در مقایسه با شاهد داشته، در حالی‌که در تیمارهای دی‌آلیل‌دی‌سولفاید، میزان فعالیت این آنزیم‌ها کاهش یافت. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدهید در همه تیمارها کاهش معنی‌دار داشت. مطالعه میزان بقا نشان داد که در هر سه غلظت تیمول، ترانس آنتول و دی‌آلیل‌دی‌سولفاید به ترتیب در چهار، شش و سه روز پس از تیمار، تلفات 100 درصدی زنبورهای عسل مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت‌هایی زیرکشندگی ترکیبات مورد مطالعه، قادر به القای استرس‌اکسیداتیو بوده که می-تواند بقای حشره را تحت تاثیر قرار‌دهد. لذا توصیه می‌شود که استفاده از این ترکیبات برای مبارزه با واروآ در زنبورستان با احتیاط صورت گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
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