Amir Koushandeh; Mohammad Chamani; Akbar Yaghobfar; aliasghar sadeghi; Hasan Baneh
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and protein (CP) on growth performance, energy efficiency ratio (EER), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and immunity system response of broilers, a total of 640 Ross 308 broilers were used in a 2×2×2 ...
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In order to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and protein (CP) on growth performance, energy efficiency ratio (EER), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and immunity system response of broilers, a total of 640 Ross 308 broilers were used in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement with completely randomized design including 8 treatments, 4 replication and 20 chicks in each replication. The increasing of ME with lower level of CP (22%) decreased ME and CP intakes up to 21 day of age and then the rising of CP level (24%) increased ME and CP intakes up to 42 day of age. The FCR of males improved inconsiderably by increasing of dietary ME level but the ME and CP intakes were slightly higher and females had higher EER and PER at 35 day of age. The antibody titer against SRBC enhanced by increasing of dietary ME level. The concentration of HDL and heart weight were higher in males. Enhancing of ME led to an increase in nitrogen excretion and higher protein level (24%) caused decrease in intestine weight. Therefore, the increasing of ME and CP up to the 3rd week and then the decreasing of CP up to the end of production period is recommended to optimize ME and CP intakes and improving EER and PER.
Yahya Mohammadi; javad Ahmadpanah; Hasan Baneh
Abstract
In the genomic selection, SNP markers across whole genome are used to estimate the marker effects. Genomic breeding value of animals can be predicted by different statistical methods. Genomic breeding value of animals can be predicted by different statistical methods. In the present study, accuracies ...
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In the genomic selection, SNP markers across whole genome are used to estimate the marker effects. Genomic breeding value of animals can be predicted by different statistical methods. Genomic breeding value of animals can be predicted by different statistical methods. In the present study, accuracies of the predicted direct genomic breeding values were compared under several statistical models including Bayes A, B-LASSO gamma, B-LASSO beta and BGLR by considering two heritabilities of 0.3 and 0.05. Three values of π (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) and four values of s2 (0.01, 0.1, 10, and 100) were simulated and correspondingly evaluated in terms of accuracy. The obtained results showed the highest accuracy of direct genomic breeding value was obtained under Bayes-A method, which were 0.88 and 0.69 for heritabilities of 0.3 and 0.05, respectively. Regression coefficients of methods for estimating the marker effects were more unbiased under heritability of 0.3 than 0.05. By considering the heritability of 0.3, the lowest and highest error were obtained under Bayes-A (121.2) and B-LASSO beta (165.2) methods, respectively. Under BGLR method, the highest and lowest accuracy of Bayes-A were obtained for π, 0.5 (0.81) and π, 0.1 (0.45). By increasing s2 parameter a decrease in the accuracy of genomic predictions was obtained. The obtained results suggested that to maximize the accuracy of the genetic prediction for traits with moderate to high heritability (0.3) optimal point of parameter π may ranged from 0.41 to 0.56 and while for traits with low heritability from 0.56 to 0.73.
M. Vatan Khah; M. Kikha Saber; M. A. Abbasi; H. Baneh; S. Esmaeil Khanian
Abstract
In this study 429 smallholder dairy farms in 44 villages of the Zabol county included 1728 lactating cows and 3759 head of total herd during February 2015 to March 2016 were recorded to assess the estimate economic opportunities per cow. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from last year ...
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In this study 429 smallholder dairy farms in 44 villages of the Zabol county included 1728 lactating cows and 3759 head of total herd during February 2015 to March 2016 were recorded to assess the estimate economic opportunities per cow. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from last year information, direct recording during visit the farm and interview with the smallholder farmer. The number of 5 economic indices calculated using revenue and expense for each farm. The economic opportunity is the amount of additional revenue that could be obtained if farmers could improve various productivity indexes to meet reasonable targets. The economic opportunity estimated as the amount of difference between average herd and reasonable target multiplied by the value of one unit change in the variable in Rials. The sum of economic opportunities per cow per year estimated as 19.68 million Rails included 8.13 million Rails (37.73%) for average daily milk production per cow, 6.47 million Rails (32.51%) for average age at first calving, 3.58 million Rails (20.58%) for average lactation length, 0.82 million Rails (5.33%) for average calf production interval and 0.67 million Rails (3.85%) for average calf mortality, respectively. There was significant variation between different levels of season, breed, rearing system and herd size for the performance of economic opportunities indices. The results obtained in this study can be used in planning to improve the performance economic indices to improve productivity and economic efficiency in smallholder cattle farms.
M. Vatankhah; M. Keykhasaber; M. A. Abbasi; H. Baneh; S. Esmaeilkhanian
Abstract
In this study 429 smallholder dairy farms in 44 villages of the Zabol county included 1728 lactating cows during February 2015 to March 2016 were used to assess the performance of smallholder farms. The performance of production traits were as 13.66, 7.82 and 7.24 kg for average total milk yield in farm, ...
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In this study 429 smallholder dairy farms in 44 villages of the Zabol county included 1728 lactating cows during February 2015 to March 2016 were used to assess the performance of smallholder farms. The performance of production traits were as 13.66, 7.82 and 7.24 kg for average total milk yield in farm, average milk sold in farm and average daily milk production per cow, respectively. The overall mean of reproductive traits and mortality rate were as 28.71 months for age at first calving, 14.17 months for calving interval, 232.66 days for average lactation length, 7.76% for calf mortality rate up to yearling age and 1.35% for mature cow mortality rate. The mean of daily feed consumption per cow was 13.36 kg, with 29.33% concentrate. The mean of daily feed intake expenses per cow and return from sale of daily milk per farm were 83 and 90 thousand rails, respectively. The value of milk income to daily feed intake expenses per cow, daily feed intake to average daily milk production and the kg milk price to kg feed intake ratio were 95.48%,2.20 and 1.97, respectively. The average total herd size was 8.76 head, included 30.57% lactating cows, 16.20% dry cows, 11.95% female milking calves, 11.79% male milking calves, 10.18% male growing calves, 10.03% female growing calves, 5.76% mature bulls and 3.52% pregnant heifer, respectively. There was significant variation between different levels of season, breed, rearing system and herd size all of the most traits.
