نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران.

چکیده

این مطالعه به منظور مقایسه اثرات پودر و عصاره هیدروالکلی گل بابونه با آنتی‌بیوتیک محرک رشد فسفوفلاوومایسین بر عملکرد، فراسنجه‌های خونی و پاسخ ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام شد. در این پژوهش 288 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویۀ راس 308 (مخلوط نر و ماده) در قالب طرح کاملا" تصادفی با 6 گروه آزمایشی و 4 تکرار و 12 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار، از سن 1 تا 42 روزگی استفاده شد. گروه آزمایشی 1 به عنوان شاهد با جیره پایه تغذیه شد، گروه آزمایشی 2، جیره پایه به همراه 045/0 درصد فسفوفلاوومایسین به عنوان آنتی بیوتیک محرک رشد و گروه آزمایشی 3، جیره پایه به همراه 05/0 درصد عصاره هیدروالکلی گل بابونه و گروه‌های آزمایشی 4 و 5 و 6 به ترتیب جیره پایه را به همراه 05/0، 1/0 و 3/0 درصد پودر گل بابونه دریافت کرداند. نتایج نشان داد که افزودن گل بابونه اثر معنی‌داری بر افزایش وزن و مصرف خوراک در کل دوره پرورش داشته و بیشترین مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن‌گیری و بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی در گروه آزمایشی حاوی 3/0درصد پودر گل بابونه مشاهده شد (05/0P≤). میزان سرمی تری‌گلیسیرید، HDL و LDL در گروه‌های دریافت کننده گل بابونه کاهش در مقایسه با گروه شاهد معنی‌داری نشان داد (05/0P≤). مصرف پودر گل بابونه بر پاسخ‌های ایمنی هومورال علیه بیماری آنفلوآنزا اثر معنی‌دار داشت (05/0P≤). نتیجه نهایی مشخص کرد که مصرف 3/0 درصد پودر گل بابونه نسبت به عصاره آن، اثرات مطلوبی بر عملکرد، صفات ایمنی و فراسنجه‌های خونی در جوجه های گوشتی از خود نشان داده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Abaza, I.M., Asar, M.A. El-Shaarrawi, G.E. and Hassan, M.F. (2003). Effect of using Nigella seed, Chamomile flowers, Thyme flowers and Harmala seed as feed additives on performance of broiler. Egyptian Journal Agriculture Research. 81: 735-749.
Abdulla, A.A., Mona, M. Ahmed, I.M. Abaza, O. Aly, M. and Effat Y. (2011). Effect of using some medical plants and their mixtures on productive and reproductive performance of   gimmizah strain. Egyptian Poultry Science. 31: 641-654.                                                                
Al-Kassie, G.A.M. ( 2009). Influence of two plant extracts derived from thyme and common on broiler performance. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 29(4): 169-173.
AL-Sultan, S.I. (2003). The effect of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) on overall performance of broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science. 2: 351- 353.
Anne, O. Tiiu, K. Kailas, W. (2001). Volatile constituents of matricaria recutita l. from Estonia, Proc. Estonian Academia Science Chemistry. 1 39 – 45.
Ather, M.A.M. (2000). Polyherbal additive proves effective against vertical transmission of IBD. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 16: 50-52.
Basilico, M.Z., and Basilico J.C. (1999). Inhibitory effects of some spice essential oils on Aspergillus ochraceus NRRL 3174 growth and ochratoxin A production. Letter Applied Microbiology. 29:238–241.
Brenes, A. and Roura, E.( 2010). Essential oils in poultry nutrition: Main effects and modes of action. Review. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 158: 1-14.
Cabuk, M., Bozkurt, M., ghicek, A., Akbas, Y., and Kucukyilmaz,Y. (2006). Effect of herbal essential oil mixture on growth and intestinal organs weight of broilers from young and old breeder flocks. Southern African Journal of Animal Science. 36 (2): 135-141.
Cook,  N.C. and Samman, S. (1996). Flavonoidschemistry, metabolism, cardiopropective effects and dietary sources. Nutrient Biochemistry. 7: 66-76.                                                                                                         
Chang, S.T., Chen, P.F. and Chang, S.C. (2001). Antibacterial activity of leaf essential oils and their constituents from Cinnamomun osmophloeum. Journal Ethnopharmacology. 77:123–127.
Craig, J.W. (1999). Health – promoting properties of common herbs. American Journal of clinical Nutration. 70: 491-499
Essa, H., Al-Mashhadani, H., Al-Mashhadani, M., Jinan, S. and Al-Shamire, F. (2013). Effect of Supplementing Different Levels of Chamomile Oil on Broiler Performance and Some Physiological Traits. International Journal of Poultry Science. 12 (7): 426-429.
Farah, K. and Al-Jaf, F. (2011). Effect of Coriander Seeds as DietIngredient on Blood Parameters of Broiler Chicks Raised under High Ambient Temperature. International Journal of Poultry Science. 10: 82-86.
Cross, D.E., McDevitt, R.M., Hillman, K. and Acamovic, T. (2007). The effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. British Poultry Science. 48: 496-506.                                           
Galib, A., Al-Kaisse, M. and Eman, K. (2011). The Potency of Chamomile Flowers (Matericaria chamomilla L.) as Feed Supplements (Growth Promoters) on Productive Performance and Hematological Parameters Constituents of Broiler. International Journal of Poultry Science. 10 (9): 726-729.
Gross, W.B. and Siegle, H.S. (1983). Evaluation of heterophil/ lymphocyte ratio  as measures of  stress in chickens. Avian Disease. 27: 972-979.
Gunal, M., Yayli, G., Kaya, O., Karahan, N. and Sulak, O. (2006). The effect of antibiotic growth promoter, probiotic or organic acid supplementation on performance, intestinal microflora and issue of broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science. 5: 149-155.
Gupta, V., Mittal, P., Banasal, P., Khokra, L. and Koushik, D. (2010). Pharmacologicl potential of matricaria  recutita- A Review. International Journal of Pharmacology Research. 2(1): 12- 16.                                                                                                           
Hertampf, JW. (2001). Alternative antibacterial performance promoters. Poultry International. 40: 50-52.
Ibrahim, K.A., Mahmood, A. and Abdelhalim. S. (2005). Comparison of the effi cacies of commercial probiotics on growth performance, carcass characteristics and some plasma constituents of broiler chicks. Suezian Veterinary Medicine Journal. 8: 1-18.
Kaya, C.A. and Tuncer, S.D. (2009). The effects of an organic acids and etheric oils mixture on fattening performance, carcass quality and some blood parameters of broilers. Journal of Animal and veterinary advances. 8(1): 94-98.                                                                                                                              
Koenen, M.E., Karmer, J., Van der Hulst, R., Heres, S.H., Jeurissen, T. and Boerma, W.J. (2004). Immunomodulation by probiotic lactobacill in layer and meat type chickens. British Poultry Science. 45: 355-66.                                                                                                                                                  
Lee, K.W., Everts, H. Kappert, H.J. Wouterse, H. Frehner, M. and Beynen, A.C. (2004). Cinnamaldehyde, but not thymol, counteracts the carboxymethyl cellulose-induced growth depression in female broiler chickens. International Journal Poultry Science. 3 (9): 608-612.
Lee, K.W., Everts, H., Kappert, H.J., Frehner, M., Losa, R. and Beynen, A.C. (2003) Effect of dietary essential oil components on growth performance, digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens. British Poultry Science. 44:450-457.
Mirzayi, A.S., Mohammadi, J.,  Mirzayi, N. and Mirzayi, M. (2011). Evaluation of antioxidant and total phenolic extract soil, grass, Carum copticum, coriander and fenugreek. Fasa University of Medical Sciences. Journal of  Medical Sciences Fasa University. First year. Number 3, page 162.
Mohiti-asl, M., Maymandi­pur, A. Hossayni, A. and Mahdavi, A. (2010). Medicinal Plants in animal feed, publisher Hadi Qom, section 1, pp: 9-119.                                                           
Newall, C.A., Andereson, L.A. and philipson, J.D. (1996). Herbal medicines: A guide for health –care professionals.London;  pharmaceutical Press, pp: 19-296.
Nobakht, A. and Mehmannavaz, Y. (2010). Investigation the effects of using of Thymus vulgaris, Lamiaceae menthapiperita, Oreganum valgare medicinal plants on performance, eggquality, blood and immunity parameters of laying hens. Iranian Journal of Animal Science. 41: 129-136.
Srivastava, J.K., Pandey, M. and Gupta, S. (2009). Chamomile, a novel and selective COX-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. Life Science. 85: 663-669.
Tannock, G.W., Dashkevicz, M.P. and Feighner, S.D. (1989). Lactobacilli and bile salt hydrolase in the marine intestinal tract. Applied Environmental Microbiology,55: 1848 – 51.
Tschirch, H. (2000). Use of natural plant extracts as productive enhancers in modern animal rearing practices, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej Wroclaw. Zootechnika. 25(376): 25-39.
Wenk, C. (2006).  Are  herbs,  botanicals  and  other  related  substances  adequate  replacements  for  antimicrobial  growth  promoters?  In:  Barug,  D., de  Jong,  J.,  Kies,  A.K.,  Verstegen,  M.W.A.  (Eds.), Antimicrobial  Growth  Promoters. Wageningen  Academic  Publishers,  The Netherlands, p: 329-340.
Zargari, A. (1989)  Medicinal plants. Third issue. 3th ed. Tehran university press; p. 151-7.
Zhian, A.M. (2013).  The effect of Chamomile plant (Matericaria chamomile L.) as feed additives on productive performance, carcass characteristics and immunity response of broiler. International Journal of Poultry Science. 12 (2): 111-116.