نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجو دکتری تغذیه دام گروه علوم دامی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام
2 دانشیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام.
3 استادیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام
چکیده
در این مطالعه اثر تزریق ترکیب ویتامین E و سلنیوم و ترکیب ویتامین B12 وآهن بر وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و سلامت گاوهای شیری دوره انتقال بررسی شد. 20 رأس تلیسه و 20 رأس گاو چند شکم‌زا بر اساس شکم زایش و وزن بدن به 4 گروه متعادل تقسیم شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1) تزریق 7 میلی‌لیتر سرم فیزیولوژیک 9/0 درصد (شاهد)، 2) تزریق 60 میلی‌لیتر ویتامین E و سلنیوم، 3) تزریق 7 میلی‌لیتر ویتامین B12 وآهن و 4) تزریق 60 میلی‌لیتر ویتامین E و سلنیوم و 7 میلی‌لیتر ویتامین B12 وآهن بودند. تزریق محلول‌ها در روزهای 21 و 7 پیش از زایش و 7 روز پس از زایش انجام شد. تزریق ویتامین E و سلنیوم باعث افزایش غلظت ویتامین E و کل ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی سرم در روز زایش و روزهای 7 و 14 پس از زایش، سلنیوم و فعالیت آنزیم گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز سرم در روز زایش و 14 پس از زایش و تعداد نوتروفیل‌های خون در روز زایش شد. غلظت ویتامین B12 سرم در تمام روزهای نمونه‌گیری، آهن و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز سرم در روز زایش و کل ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی سرم در روزهای زایش، 7 و 14 بعد از زایش در گاوهای دریافت کننده ویتامین B12 و آهن بالاتر بود. بیشترین وقوع جفت‌ماندگی و ورم پستان در گاوهای تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. در کل، اگرچه تزریق همزمان ترکیب ویتامین E و سلنیوم و ترکیب ویتامین B12 و آهن تاثیر معنی‌داری بر وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی گاوهای شیری دوره انتقال نداشت، اما جفت ماندگی و ورم پستان در گاوهای این گروه مشاهده نشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Abdelrahman, M.M. and Kincaid, R.L. (1995). Effect of selenium supplementation on maternal transfer of selenium in the bovine. Journal of Dairy Science. 78: 625-630.
Akins, M.S., Bertics, S.J., Socha, M.T. and Shaver, R.D. (2013). Effects of cobalt supplementation and vitamin B12 injections on lactation performance and metabolism of Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Scienc. 96 :1755–1768.
Andrieu, S. (2008). Is there a role for organic trace element supplements in transition cow health? The Veterinary Journal. 176: 77–83.
AOAC. (2000). Official methods of analysis, 17th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Baldi, A., Savoini, G., Pinotti, L., Monfardini, E., Cheli, F. and DellOrto, V. (2000). Effects of vitamin E and different energy sources on vitamin E status, milk quality and reproduction in transition cows. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 47: 599-608.
Bicalho, M.L.S., Lima, F.S., Ganda, E.K., Foditsch, C., Meira, E.B.S., Machado, V.S., Teixeira, A.G.V., Oikonomou, G., Gilbert, R.O. and Bicalho, R.C. (2014). Effect of trace mineral supplementation on selected minerals, energy metabolites, oxidative stress, and immune parameters and its association with uterine diseases in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 97: 1–15.
Bourne, N., Wathes, D.C., Lawrence, K.E., McGowan, M. and Laven, R.A. (2008). The effect of parenteral supplementation of vitamin E with selenium on the health and productivity of dairy cattle in the UK. The Veterinary Journal. 177: 381–387.
Bouwstra, R.J., Nielen, M., Newbold, J.R., Jansen, E.H., Jelinek, H.F and VanWerven, T. (2010). Vitamin E supplementation during the dry period in dairy cattle. Part II: Oxidative stress following vitamin E supplementation may increase clinical mastitis incidence postpartum. Journal of Dairy Science. 93: 5696–5706.
Bradford, B.J., Yuan, K., Farney, J.K., Mamedova, L.K. and Carpenter, A.J. (2015). Inflammation during the transition to lactation: New adventures with an old flame. Journal of Dairy Science. 98: 6631–6650.
Burton, J.L., Kehrli, M.E., Kapil, Jr,S. and Horst, R.L. (1995). Regulation of L-selectin and CD18 on bovine neutrophils by glucocorticoids: effects of cortisol and dexamethasone. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 57: 317-325.
Calamari, L., Petrera, F., Abeni, F. and Bertin, G. (2011). Metabolic and hematological profiles in heat stressed lactating dairy cows fed diets supplemented with different selenium sources and doses. Livestock Science. 142: 128–137.
Campbell, M.H. and Miller, J.K. (1998). Effect of supplemental dietary vitamin E and zinc on reproductive performance of dairy cows and heifers fed excess iron. Journal of Dairy Science. 81: 2693–2699.
Castillo, C., Hernandez, J., Bravo, A., Lopez-Alonso, M., Pereira, V. and Benedito, J.L. (2005). Oxidative status during late pregnancy and early lactation in dairy cows. The Veterinary Journal. 169: 286–292.
Dargel, R. (1992). Lipid peroxidation - a common pathogenetic mechanism? Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology. 44: 169–181.
Dutta-Roy, A.K., Gordon, M.J., Campbell, F.M., Duthie, G.G. and James, W.P.T. (1994). Vitamin E requirements, transport, and metabolism: Role of a-tocopherol-binding proteins. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 5: 562-570.
Erskine, R.J., Bartlett, P.C., Herdt, T. and Gaston, P. (1997). Effects of parenteral administration of vitamin E on health of periparturient dairy cows. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 211: 466–469.
Ganda, E.K., Bisinotto, R.S. Vasquez, A.K., Teixeira, A.G.V., Machado, V.S. and Foditsch, C., et al (2016). Effects of injectable trace mineral supplementation in lactating dairy cows with elevated somatic cell counts. Journal of Dairy Science. 99: 1–11.
Gengelbach, G.P., Ward, J.D., Spears, J.W. and Brown Jr. T.T. (1997). Effects of copper deficiency and copper deficiency coupled with high dietary iron or molybdenum on phagocytic cell function and response of calves to a respiratory disease challenge. Journal of Animal Science. 75: 1112–1118.
Girad, C.L. and Matte, J.J. (1999). Changes in serum concentrations of folates, pyridoxal, pyridoxal-5-phosphate and vitamin B12 during lactation of dairy cows fed dietary supplements of folic acid. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 79: 107-114.
Girad, C.L. and Matte, J.J. (2005). Effects of intramuscular injections of vitamin B12 on lactation performance of dairy cows fed dietary supplements of folic acid and rumen-protected methionine. Journal of Dairy Science. 88: 671–676.
Goff, J.P. and Horst, R.L. (1997). Physiological changes at parturition and their relationship to metabolic disorders. Journal of Dairy Science. 80: 1260–1268.
Grummer, R.R., Mashek, D.G. and Hayırlı, A. (2004). Dry matter intake and energy balance in the transition period. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Food Animal Practice. 20: 447–470.
Hall, J.A., Bobe, G., Vorachek, W.R., Kasper, K., Traber, M.G., Mosher, W.D., Pirelli, G.J. and Gamroth, M. (2014). Effect of supranutritional organic selenium supplementation on postpartum blood micronutrients, antioxidants, metabolites, and inflammation biomarkers in selenium-replete dairy cows. Biological Trace Element Research. 161: 272–287.
Hansen, S.L. and Spears, J.W. (2009). Bioaccessibility of iron from soil is increased by silage fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science. 92: 2896–2905.
Harrison, J.H., Hancock, D.D. and Conard, H.R. (1984). Vitamin E and selenium for reproduction of dairy cow. Journal of Dairy Science. 67: 123-132.
Herdt, T.H. and Stowe H.D. (1991). Fat-soluble vitamin nutrition for dairy cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 7: 391–415.
Hogan, I.S., Weiss, W.P., Smith, K.L. and Schoenberger, P.S. (1992). Bovine neutrophil responses to parenteral vitamin E. Journal of Dairy Science. 65: 399- 405.
Hogan, J.S., Weiss, W.P. and Smith, K.L. (1993). Role of vitamin E and selenium in host defence against mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science. 76: 2795-2803.
Hunt, S.M. and Groff, J.L. (1990). Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. West Publishing Co. St. Paul, MN.
Ibeagha, A.E., Ibeagha-Awemu, E.M., Mehrzad, J., Baurhoo, B., Kgwatalala, P. and Zhao, X. (2009). The effect of selenium sources and supplementation on neutrophil functions in dairy cows. Animal. 3: 1037–1043.
Jin, L., Yan, S., Shi, B., Bao, H., Gong, J., Guo, X. and Li, J. (2014). Effects of vitamin A on the milk performance, antioxidantfunctions and immune functions of dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 192: 15–23.
Jukola, E., Hakkarainen, J., Saloniemi, H. and Sankari, S. (1996). Blood selenium, vitamin E, vitamin A, and beta-carotene concentrations and udder health, fertility treatments, and fertility. Journal of Dairy Science. 79: 838–845.
Khatti, A,. Mehrotra, S., Patel, P.K., Singh, G., Maurya, V.P. and Mahla, A.S. et al. (2017). Supplementation of vitamin E, selenium and increased energy allowance mitigates transition stress and improves postpartum reproductive performance in crossbred cow. Theriogenology. 104: 142-148.
Kimura, K., Reinhardt, T.T., Kehrli Jr.M.E. and Reinhardt, T.A. (2002). Decreased neutrophil function as a cause of retained placenta in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 85: 544–550.
Kreipe, L., Deniz, A., Bruckmaier, R.M. and Van Dorland, H.A. (2011). First report about the mode of action of combined butafosfan and cyanocobalamin on hepatic metabolism in nonketotic early lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 94: 4904–4914.
Lacetera, N., Bernabucci, U., Ronchi. B. and Nardone, A. (1996). Effect of selenium and vitamin E administration during a late stage of pregnancy on colostrum and milk production in dairy cows, and on passive immunity and growth of their offspring. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 57: 1776-1780.
Lean, I.J., Saun R.V. and DeGaris, P.J. (2013). Mineral and antioxidant management of transition dairy cows. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 29: 367–386.
LeBlanc, S.J., Duffield, T.F., Leslie, K.E., Bateman, K.G., TenHag, J. and Walton, J.W. (2002). The effect of prepartum injection of vitamin E on health in transition dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 85: 1416–1426.
Machado, V.S., Bicalho, M.L.S., Pereira, R.V., Caixeta, L.S., Knauer, W.A., Oikonomou, G., Gilbert, M.R.O. and Bicalho, R.C. (2013). Effect of an injectable trace mineral supplement containing selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese on the health and production of lactating Holstein cows. Veterinary Journal. 197: 451–456.
Machado, V.S., Oikonomou, G., Lima, S.F., Bicalhoa, M.L.S. Kacar, C. and Foditsch, C. et al. (2014). The effect of injectable trace minerals (selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese) on peripheral blood leukocyte activity and serum superoxide dismutase activity of lactating holstein cows. Veterinary Journal. 200: 299–304.
McKenzie, R.C., Arthur, J.R. and Beckett. G.J. (2002). Selenium and the regulation of cell signaling, growth, and survival: Molecular and mechanistic aspects. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. 4: 339–351.
Miltenburg, G.A.J., Wending, T., VanVliet, J.P.M., Schuijt, G., VanDeBroek, J. and Breukink, H.J. (1991). Blood hemoglobin, plasma iron, and tissue iron in dams in late gestation, at calving, and in veal calves at delivery and later. Journal of Dairy Science. 74: 308 -3094.
Moeini, M.M., Karami, H. and Mikaeili, E. (2009). Effect of selenium and vitamin E supplementation during the late pregnancy on reproductive indices and milk production in heifers. Animal Reproduction Science. 114: 109–114.
Mohri, M., Poorsina, Sh. and Sedaghat, R. (2010). Effects of parenteral supply of iron on RBC parameters, performance, and health in neonatal dairy calves. Biological Trace Element Research. 136: 33–39.
Moosavian, H.R., Mohri, M. and Seifi, H.A. (2010). Effects of parenteral over-supplementation of vitamin A and iron on hematology, iron biochemistry, weight gain, and health of neonatal dairy calves. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 48: 1316–1320.
Mustacich, D. and Powis, G. (2000). Thioredoxin reductase. Biochemistry Journal. 346: 1–8.
National Mastitis Council. (2005). NE-1009, USDA multistate research project, questions and comments: whurley@uiuc. edu.
National Research Council. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Sci. Washington, D.C.
Pirestani, A., Bagheri, M.J., Hashemi, S.M. and Asgarishahi, A.H. (2014). The effect of selenium, vitamin E and copper injection on the somatic cell count and milk compositions in dairy cows. Journal of Farm Animal Nutrition and Physiology. 9: 41-49.
Pogge, D.J., Richter, E.L., Drewnoski, M.E. and Hansen, S.L. (2012). Mineral concentrations of plasma and liver after injection with a trace mineral complex differ among angus and simmental cattle. Journal of Animal Science. 90: 2692–2698.
Pontes, G.C., Monteiro, P.L.Jr., Prata, A.B., Guardieiro, M.M., Pinto, D.A.M. and Fernandes, G.O. et al. (2015). Effect of injectable vitamin E on incidence of retained fetal membranes and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 98: 2437–2449.
Ray, S.D., Lam, T.S., Rotollo, J.A., Phadke, S., Patel, C., Dontabhaktuni, A., et al. (2004). Oxidative stress is the master operator of drug and chemically-induced programmed and unprogrammed cell death: Implications of natural antioxidants in vivo. Biofactors. 21: 223-232.
Roche, J.R., Bell, A.W., Overton, T.R. and Loor, J.J. (2013). Nutritional management of the transition cow in the 21st century–a paradigm shift in thinking. Animal Production Science. 53: 1000–1023.
Rollin, E., Berghaus, R.D. Rapnicki, P., Godden, S.M. and Overton, M.W. (2010). The effect of injectable butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin on postpartum serum β-hydroxybutyrate, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 93 :978–987.
Salman, S., Khol-Parisini, A., Schafft, H., Lahrssen-Wiederholt, M., Hulan, H.W., Dinse, D. and Zentek, J. (2009). The role of dietary selenium in bovine mammary gland health and immune function. Animal Health Research Reviews. 10: 21–34.
SAS. (2012). Statistical Analysis System. SAS Inc.,Cary, NC.
Sordillo, L.M. and Raphael. W. (2013). Significance of metabolic stress, lipid mobilization, and inflammation on transition cow disorders. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal. 29: 267–278.
Sordillo, L.M. (2005). Factors affecting mammary gland immunity and mastitis susceptibility. Livestock Science. 98: 89–99.
Spears J.W. and Weiss, W.P. (2008). Role of antioxidants and trace elements in health and immunity of transition dairy cows. Veterinary Journal. 176: 70–76.
Surai, P.F. (2006). Selenium and immunity, In: Selenium in nutrition and health, nottingham, UK: Nottingham University Press, pp. 232–233.
Todhunter, D., Smith, K.L. and Hogan, J.S. (1990). Growth of gram-negative bacteria in dry cow secretion. Journal of Dairy Science. 73: 363–372.
Tomlinson, D.J., Socha, M.T. and Defrain, J.M. (2008). Role of trace minerals in the immune system. Penn State Dairy Cattle Nutrition Workshop.
Trevisan, M., Browne, R., Ram, M., Muti, P., Freudenheim, J. and Carosella, A.N. et al. (2001). Correlates of markers of oxidative status in the general population. American Journal of Epidemiology. 154: 348–356.
Underwood, E.J. and Suttle, N.F. (1999). The mineral nutrition of livestock. 3rd ed. CABI Publishing, New York, NY.
Van Den Top, A.M., Veensing, T., Geelen, M.J.H., Wentink, G.H., Van't Klooster, G.H. and Beynen, A.C. (1995). Time trends of plasma lipids and enzymes synthesizing hepatic triacylglycerol during postpartum development of fatty liver in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 78: 2208-2220.
Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science. 74: 3593-3597.
Wagner, B.A., Buettner, G.R. and Burns, C.P. (1996). Vitamin E slows the rate of free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation in cells. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 334: 261–267.
Weiss, W.P. and Ferreira. G. (2006). Water soluble vitamins for dairy cattle. In: Proceedings Tristate Dairy Nutrition Conference, Ft Wayne, IN. pp. 51–63.
Weiss, W.P. and Spears, J.W. (2006). Vitamin and trace mineral effects on immune function of ruminants. In: Sejrsen, K., Hvelplund, T., Nielsen, M.O. (Eds.), Ruminant Physiology. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Utrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 473–496.
Weiss, W.P., Hogan, J.S., Smith, K.L., Todhunter, D.A. and Willams, S.N. (1992). Effect of supplementing periparturient cows with vitamin E on distribution of a-Tocopherolin blood. Journal of Dairy Science. 75: 3479-3485.
Weiss, W.P., Hogan, J.S., Todhunter, D.A. and Smith, K.L. (1997). Effect of vitamin E supplementation in diets with a low concentration of selenium on mammary gland health of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 80: 1728–1737.
Weiss, W.P., Pinos-Rodríguez, J.M. and Socha, M.T. (2010). Effects of feeding supplemental organic iron to late gestation and early lactation dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 93: 2153–2160.
)