Bahareh Taheri Dezfuli; Mahmood Vatankhah; Mohamad Babaei; Aziz Kardooni
Abstract
In order to estimate some population parameters in sheep flocks of Khuzestan province, information of 100 flocks from rural rearing systems with two breeds of Arabic and Lori-Bakhtiari sheep were used during the years 2017 - 2019. The data were collected through a questionnaire and interview with the ...
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In order to estimate some population parameters in sheep flocks of Khuzestan province, information of 100 flocks from rural rearing systems with two breeds of Arabic and Lori-Bakhtiari sheep were used during the years 2017 - 2019. The data were collected through a questionnaire and interview with the farmers. Data was analyzed by SAS 9.1 software. The average of the number of breeding ewes, the number of breeding rams, duration of ram stay in the flock and ram to ewe ratio were achieved 173.67 heads, 9.56 heads, 5.96 years and 5.65%, respectively. Accordingly, the average of effective size and the rate of inbreeding of flocks were 34.9 heads and 3 percent per generation, respectively. In general, the results showed that the estimated effective size was less than the minimum size recommended by FAO (50 heads) for having less than 1 percent inbreeding per generation. So, it may result in having flocks with inbreeding rate which is 3 times more than the permissible rate. Increasing of inbreeding in the flocks can decrease production performance, reproductive performance and increase genetic abnormalities. Therefore, based on the estimated inbreeding rate for sheep flocks in the province (3 percent per generation), it is necessary to prevent further increasing in inbreeding rate and its negative consequences by training farmers about issues such as suitable ram to ewe ratio, supplying breeding rams from out of the flock and keeping rams in flock for a shorter period of time, as well as, using rotational mating scheme
Karim Nobari; Mahmoud Vatankhah; Sayed Davood Sharifi; Nasser Emam Jomea Kashan; Mehdi Momen; abdollah kavian
Abstract
All breeds of Irannians sheep except Zel has a fat tail, and despite their lower carcass fat percentage, male lambs have higher fat-tail weight. Using within breed genetic variation requires accurate and precise measuring of fat tail weight on candidates of selection. The aime of this study was comparision ...
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All breeds of Irannians sheep except Zel has a fat tail, and despite their lower carcass fat percentage, male lambs have higher fat-tail weight. Using within breed genetic variation requires accurate and precise measuring of fat tail weight on candidates of selection. The aime of this study was comparision of artificial neural network (ANN) modeling and linear modeling methods to prediction of fat tail weight, using body weight and different tail dimensions. 32 lambs of Chal and Zandi breeds,crosses of Zandi×Chal,Zel×Zandi and Zel×Chal hybrids were used for modeling to an estimation of fat-tail weight. Inputs of the model was birth type, sex, breed, upper width , mid width and lower width of fat tail,fat tail height and body weight, output of the model was fat tail weight. body weight, genotype, and fat tail mid-width had the largest positive correlations with fat-tail weight,0.83,-0.82 and0.80,respectively. The adequacy parameters of the best artificial neural network model had a coefficient determination of 0.99 and a mean squared error(RMSE)of 70.3g. The values of these estimated parameters by the multiple linear model were 0.891 and 263.86, respectively. The results of the extension of the original study showed the complexity of the interactions between the model inputs. Present research approved to accurate and unbiased estimation of tail weight of different breeds and crosses using artificial neural network. Furthermore, present study showed that ANN model can be used for accurate and presise estimation of fat tail weight using measured traits on sheep,than linear model.
M. Vatankhah; S. Zakizadeh
Abstract
Crossbreeding is used in order to take advantage of the different and complementary strong points of two or more breeds and to utilize hybrid vigor. In this study the results of sheep crossbreeding have been reviewed from published over the last years in Iran. The results showed that much of the crossbreeding ...
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Crossbreeding is used in order to take advantage of the different and complementary strong points of two or more breeds and to utilize hybrid vigor. In this study the results of sheep crossbreeding have been reviewed from published over the last years in Iran. The results showed that much of the crossbreeding in the sheep industry in Iran due to incorrect selection of breeds was not suitable. The main disadvantages points of Iranian sheep are low reproduction performance, low longevity, insufficient growth rate, unsuitable carcasses composition and feed efficiency, respectively. While, in the most crossbreeding schemes have been done between Iranian breeds of sheep, focused on improve growth traits and reduced fat-tail weight, which created low and no significant changes in crossbreds for these traits, leading to reducing economical efficiency and unsustainable of rearing sheep in semi-intensive or village system over last years. Sustainability could been achieved by combining desirable characteristics from the indigenous breeds to keep fitness and marketability with those of specialist exotic breeds that had already demonstrated genetic potential for traits of economical importance for commercial production. However, research findings suggested that in well-planned efforts to create composite breeds (with minimum 50% native) using the prolific breeds (such as Romanov), with high mothering ability, low maturity age, suitable carcass composition and medium ewe body weight could increased productivity of sheep in village system in Iran.
m. Vatankhah; M. A. Talebi; Mohsen Bagheri
Abstract
In this study, to estimate some population parameters and inbreeding rate in Lori Bakhtiari sheep flocks, the data set of 81 flocks of sheep were recorded from farmer flocks under current systems during 2015 to 2016. Questionnaire survey was used to collect data from last year information, recorded information, ...
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In this study, to estimate some population parameters and inbreeding rate in Lori Bakhtiari sheep flocks, the data set of 81 flocks of sheep were recorded from farmer flocks under current systems during 2015 to 2016. Questionnaire survey was used to collect data from last year information, recorded information, direct recording during visit the farm and interview with the smallholder farmer. The results showed that in 68% of the studied flocks, the male replacements were selected from the within flock, the selection criterion for all of the flocks was visual apparent characteristics and the type of mating was random. The average generation interval, the number of breeding ewes, the number of breeding rams, the proportion of ram to ewe, the duration of the ram stay in the flock were 3.30 years, 98.6, heads, 4.5 heads, 4.6%, 3.4 years, respectively, and 34.57% the flocks had at least one lamb with a visual genetic abnormality. Accordingly, the effective size and the rate of inbreeding, regardless of family size variance were 17.2 and 4.9%, respectively, and with family size variance estimated as 9.8 heads and 7.5%, respectively. The effect of city and type of breeding system were significant on most of the studied population parameters and inbreeding rate (P< 0.05). Therefore, the mean of effective size in farmer flocks was lower than minimum recommended for maintaining genetic diversity and implementation of the improvement breeding program, and this fact has caused an inbreeding rate of more than 5 to 7 times the permissible limit.
M. Vatan Khah; M. Kikha Saber; M. A. Abbasi; H. Baneh; S. Esmaeil Khanian
Abstract
In this study 429 smallholder dairy farms in 44 villages of the Zabol county included 1728 lactating cows and 3759 head of total herd during February 2015 to March 2016 were recorded to assess the estimate economic opportunities per cow. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from last year ...
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In this study 429 smallholder dairy farms in 44 villages of the Zabol county included 1728 lactating cows and 3759 head of total herd during February 2015 to March 2016 were recorded to assess the estimate economic opportunities per cow. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from last year information, direct recording during visit the farm and interview with the smallholder farmer. The number of 5 economic indices calculated using revenue and expense for each farm. The economic opportunity is the amount of additional revenue that could be obtained if farmers could improve various productivity indexes to meet reasonable targets. The economic opportunity estimated as the amount of difference between average herd and reasonable target multiplied by the value of one unit change in the variable in Rials. The sum of economic opportunities per cow per year estimated as 19.68 million Rails included 8.13 million Rails (37.73%) for average daily milk production per cow, 6.47 million Rails (32.51%) for average age at first calving, 3.58 million Rails (20.58%) for average lactation length, 0.82 million Rails (5.33%) for average calf production interval and 0.67 million Rails (3.85%) for average calf mortality, respectively. There was significant variation between different levels of season, breed, rearing system and herd size for the performance of economic opportunities indices. The results obtained in this study can be used in planning to improve the performance economic indices to improve productivity and economic efficiency in smallholder cattle farms.
M. Vatankhah; M. Keykhasaber; M. A. Abbasi; H. Baneh; S. Esmaeilkhanian
Abstract
In this study 429 smallholder dairy farms in 44 villages of the Zabol county included 1728 lactating cows during February 2015 to March 2016 were used to assess the performance of smallholder farms. The performance of production traits were as 13.66, 7.82 and 7.24 kg for average total milk yield in farm, ...
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In this study 429 smallholder dairy farms in 44 villages of the Zabol county included 1728 lactating cows during February 2015 to March 2016 were used to assess the performance of smallholder farms. The performance of production traits were as 13.66, 7.82 and 7.24 kg for average total milk yield in farm, average milk sold in farm and average daily milk production per cow, respectively. The overall mean of reproductive traits and mortality rate were as 28.71 months for age at first calving, 14.17 months for calving interval, 232.66 days for average lactation length, 7.76% for calf mortality rate up to yearling age and 1.35% for mature cow mortality rate. The mean of daily feed consumption per cow was 13.36 kg, with 29.33% concentrate. The mean of daily feed intake expenses per cow and return from sale of daily milk per farm were 83 and 90 thousand rails, respectively. The value of milk income to daily feed intake expenses per cow, daily feed intake to average daily milk production and the kg milk price to kg feed intake ratio were 95.48%,2.20 and 1.97, respectively. The average total herd size was 8.76 head, included 30.57% lactating cows, 16.20% dry cows, 11.95% female milking calves, 11.79% male milking calves, 10.18% male growing calves, 10.03% female growing calves, 5.76% mature bulls and 3.52% pregnant heifer, respectively. There was significant variation between different levels of season, breed, rearing system and herd size all of the most traits.
M. vatankhah; M. Faraji Nafchi
Abstract
In this study, production, reproduction, population, management and economic parameters resulted from recording of 12 industrial dairy farms with herd size 20 to 250 and a total of 1240 head of Holstein cows in a cycle of reproduction, during 2010 to 2012 were used to determine the economic values of ...
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In this study, production, reproduction, population, management and economic parameters resulted from recording of 12 industrial dairy farms with herd size 20 to 250 and a total of 1240 head of Holstein cows in a cycle of reproduction, during 2010 to 2012 were used to determine the economic values of important traits. The traits of economic importance that appeared in profit equation were durability traits (including survival rate in cow, calf to 3 months of age and heifer from 3 mo to parturition; cow and heifer weight and longevity of cow), health and reproduction traits (including conception rate, live birth rate, calving interval, calving difficulty rate, and age at first calving) and production traits (including calf weaning weight, weight of male fatten calf, milk, fat and protein yield). The economic values and the relative emphasis of traits estimated using maximizing profit by increasing one genetic standard deviation of each trait. The results showed that the sum of relative emphasis of different group of traits for different milk production levels were 38.15 to 36.05 percent for durability traits, 34.80 to 36.59 percent for reproduction and health traits and 27.05 to 27.80 percent for production traits, respectively. The relative emphasis of durability traits and reproduction and health traits decreasing and increasing respectively, with increasing milk production. The estimated relative emphasis of different traits, could be used to construct multiple trait selection indices in dairy cattle breeding programs.
F. Rezai Sartshnizi; F. Zamani; M. Vatankhah
Abstract
The current experiment carried out to investigate the effect of fish oil and selenium supplementation in the ration on performanceand blood parameters in lambs. Sixteen male Lori Bakhtiyari lambs with the same mean weight (39.6±0.290)were randomly allotted to 4 treatments in completely randomized ...
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The current experiment carried out to investigate the effect of fish oil and selenium supplementation in the ration on performanceand blood parameters in lambs. Sixteen male Lori Bakhtiyari lambs with the same mean weight (39.6±0.290)were randomly allotted to 4 treatments in completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were included of: 1) control (basal diet without any additives); 2) FO (basal diet +2% fish oil; 3) FO + Se (basal diet + 2% fish oil +0.2 mg/kg selenium; 4) Se (0.2 mg/kg selenium). In order to evaluate the blood metabolites, samples were taken on day 60 of the experiment to measure the serum triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), density lipoprotein (LDL) and glutation peroxidase (GPX). Results indicated FO + Se had no significant influence on performance (p>0/05). Moreover, this treatment led to decreased serum TG, CHOL, LDL and increased GPX and HDL(P<0.05). Therefore results show that however performance was not affected by dietary treatments, selenium as well as fish oil compared to the control group significantly affected blood parameters.
M.A. Talebi; M. Vatankhah; S.A. Mirhadi
Abstract
A study with 56 male lambs of Lori-Bakhtiari sheep breed was carried out to investigate the effect of selection to decrease fat on the fatty acids composition in the subcutaneous fat and fat-tail adipose tissue. Subcutaneous fat and fat-tail fat samples were obtained from the back of left side of carcass ...
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A study with 56 male lambs of Lori-Bakhtiari sheep breed was carried out to investigate the effect of selection to decrease fat on the fatty acids composition in the subcutaneous fat and fat-tail adipose tissue. Subcutaneous fat and fat-tail fat samples were obtained from the back of left side of carcass and fat-tail, respectively. Total 112 samples of subcutaneous fat and fat-tail adipose tissue were obtained from 56 carcasses at six month of age. The fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat and fat-tail were analyzed after fat extraction by gas chromatography. Data were analyzed using SAS statistical program. Proportion of palmitic (C16:0) in fat tissue significantly (P<0.05) decreased and linoleic (C18:2) significantly increased at the end of the selection program.While body weight lambs was higher at the end of the selection program, unsaturated fatty acids was higher in carcass fat. Ratios of poly unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids were significantly higher incarcass fat at the end of the selection. Desirable fatty acids and ratio of (C18:0+C18:1)/C16:0 did not significant increase at constant weight. Proportion of palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0)and total saturated fatty acids were significantly higher in subcutaneous fat but oleic fatty acid (C18:1)was significantly higher in fat-tail. Ratios of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, desirable fatty acids and ratio of (C18:0+C18:1)/C16:0 were significantly (P<0.05) higher in fat-tail than subcutaneous fat at constant weight. Inconcluded, selection for decreased carcass fat cause improve fatty acid composition of fat tissue.
Y. Asefi; E. Mirza Mohammadi; M. Vatan khah
Abstract
In this research 5633 records, which collected by Khojir Sheep Breeding Station of Tehran, during the 1994 to 2011 were used for estimate of (co)variance component and evaluation of inbreeding effects on birth weight (BW) and pre weaning mortality (PMW) in Zandi lamb. Genetic parameters were estimated ...
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In this research 5633 records, which collected by Khojir Sheep Breeding Station of Tehran, during the 1994 to 2011 were used for estimate of (co)variance component and evaluation of inbreeding effects on birth weight (BW) and pre weaning mortality (PMW) in Zandi lamb. Genetic parameters were estimated using REML procedures. AIC criterion test were used to choose the most suitable model. The most suitable animal model for BW included direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic, maternal permanent environmental and common litter effects, and suitable model for PMW were included direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic and common litter effects. Also suitable threshold model was included sire additive genetic effects and litter effects, but the most appropriate sire model only including sire additive genetic effect. Direct and maternal heritability for BW was 0.11 and 0.08, respectively. Also, logit heritability and heritability obtained from threshold, animal and sire models were 0.14, 0.20 and 0.18, respectively. Genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlation between BW and PMW was -0.27, -0.23 and -0.28, respectively (p<0.05). The 27 percent of all animals in population were inbred. The mean of inbreeding coefficients in population and inbreed animals were 3.5 and 0.9 percent, respectively. The estimates of inbreeding depression were -3.5 g for BW and 0.1 percent for mortality, respectively (p<0.05).
M. vatankhah; A. Akhondi
Abstract
In this study production, reproduction, management and economic parameters resulted from recording of 4 flocks with 600 head of breeding ewe during the annual cycle of production in village system were used to determine of the breeding objective, absolute economic values and relative emphasis for a Lori_Bakhtiari ...
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In this study production, reproduction, management and economic parameters resulted from recording of 4 flocks with 600 head of breeding ewe during the annual cycle of production in village system were used to determine of the breeding objective, absolute economic values and relative emphasis for a Lori_Bakhtiari breed of sheep. To calculate the economic values of traits, the level of each trait for the flock was increased by 1 unit, while all other traits were held at their mean values and change in profit was as the absolute economic value (maximize profit, P), the ratio of revenue to costs (maximize efficiency, Q) and the ratio of costs to revenue (minimize costs,) calculated for considerable trait. To calculate the economic weight and relative emphasis, the absolute economic value of each trait multiplied to the genetic standard deviation of trait in three ways. The results showed that annual profit per ewe, the ratio of revenue to costs and the ratio of costs to revenue were 667023 rials, 1.16 and 0.86, respectively. The breeding objective for Lori-Bakhtiari sheep in village system in order of relative emphasis were reproductive traits (Litter size, conception rate, number of parturition in each year); durability traits (in lamb up to sale and ewe); growth traits (lamb weight at sale time, weight of replacement, weight of mature ewe) and greasy fleece weight. The economic values of corresponding traits resulted from various ways were different in values and the sign of economic values from P was the same as Q but different to. The sum of relative emphasis for reproductive traits, durability traits, growth traits and greasy fleece weight resulted from P were 57.09, 23.39, 19.32 and 0.19; from Q were 55.54, 22.98, 21.29 and 0.19 and from were 55.05, 23.06, 21.69 and 0.19, respectively. Thus, the relative emphasis resulted from different ways for various traits were equal relatively and if the relative emphasis is used instead of absolute economic values, the result of each different ways could apply
